一株烟草青枯雷尔氏菌烈性噬菌体RS-PⅡ-1的分离及全基因组分析

分离鉴定一株侵染烟草青枯雷尔氏菌的烈性噬菌体,观察其形态特征,并进行全基因组测序与分析,为采用噬菌体疗法防治烟草青枯病提供技术储备。以烟草青枯菌TB15-15为宿主菌,从土壤中筛选分离得到噬菌体;分离得到的噬菌体经纯化浓缩,采用透射电子显微镜观察其形态特征;提取噬菌体DNA,进行全基因组高通量测序,分析其全基因组的结构特征,比较基因组分析明确其进化关系。以TB15-15为宿主菌,从长期种植烟田土壤中分离得到一株青枯雷尔氏菌烈性噬菌体。电镜观察显示,该噬菌体属于有尾噬菌体目、短尾噬菌体科。基因组全长42 042bp,GC含量为63.2%,含有46个开放阅读框,比较基因组分析确定该噬菌体为一株新的青枯雷尔氏菌烈性噬菌体,命名为RS-PⅡ-1。以烟草青枯菌为宿主菌,分离到一株新的青枯雷尔氏菌烈性噬菌体RS-PⅡ-1,明确了其形态和基因组特征,为防治青枯病的噬菌体疗法奠定基础。     

烟草青枯雷尔氏菌噬菌体资源的发掘

由青枯雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的烟草青枯病是烟草种植过程中一种重要的细菌性病害。为了开展利用噬菌体防控烟草青枯病的研究,本研究以烟田产区的7株烟草青枯菌为宿主,从烟田土壤中分离到了14个对烟草青枯菌具有侵染性的烈性噬菌体,说明烟田土壤中普遍存在烟草青枯菌噬菌体。选取噬菌体?PB2和?PB34,电镜观察确定其具有十二面体的头部和粗短的尾部,属于肌尾噬菌体科。噬菌体的宿主谱分析显示,筛选到的噬菌体对分别从烟草、西红柿和花生分离的青枯菌株系的侵染性有所差异。本研究分离发掘的14个对烟草青枯菌侵染的噬菌体,为利用噬菌体防控烟草青枯病的生防策略研究提供了噬菌体资源。     

青枯病生物防治研究进展

青枯病是由青枯雷尔氏菌引发的细菌性病害,是一种重要的植物土传病害,可造成植物大量死亡甚至绝收,危害十分严重,目前尚无有效的解决办法.利用生防菌防治植物病害能够很好地保证无毒、安全、无公害农业产品的生产.近年来,在青枯病的生物防治方面取得了一定的研究进展.本文着重综述了4种生防菌(芽孢杆菌、链霉菌、丛枝菌根真菌、噬菌体)应用于青枯病的研究进展,阐述了其防治青枯病的原理,指出了生物防治的现存问题及可深入研究的方向,并对青枯病的生物防治作出了展望.     

青枯菌致病机理及作物抗青枯病研究进展

青枯菌(Rdstonia solancearum)是引起植物青枯病的病原细菌.青枯菌通过T3S(Ⅲ型分泌系统)、T2S(Ⅱ型分泌系统)等分泌系统将多种毒性因子输送到胞外使寄主植物致病.转基因抗病、培育抗性品种和生物防治是防治青枯病的主要途径.     

噬菌体鸡尾酒联合生物有机肥防控番茄青枯病的效果研究

【背景】前期研究表明,可专性侵染青枯菌的噬菌体鸡尾酒(组合)可有效减少番茄青枯病的发生。生物有机肥虽然可降低青枯病发病率,但受田间环境影响,防控效果常不稳定。【目的】为了提高生物有机肥的防控效果,靶向抑制番茄青枯病,探究噬菌体鸡尾酒联合含有解淀粉芽孢杆菌的生物有机肥防控番茄青枯病的田间效果,以及该防控方法对番茄根际细菌群落结构的影响。【方法】将经解淀粉芽孢杆菌T-5二次发酵获得的生物有机肥(Bio-Organic Fertilizer,BOF)在春季作为基肥施入番茄大棚,开花期在番茄根部浇灌噬菌体鸡尾酒悬液,统计青枯病的发生情况和番茄根际青枯菌的数量,根据高通量测序结果分析番茄根际细菌群落的结构变化。【结果】与常规施肥相比,生物有机肥配合噬菌体鸡尾酒(BOF+P)可显著降低番茄青枯病的发病率,显著改变根际细菌群落的β多样性,提高拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)的相对丰度,并降低芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)的相对丰度。【结论】噬菌体鸡尾酒可显著提升生物有机肥防控番茄青枯病的效果,具有良好的应用潜力。     

番茄青枯病生物防治的研究进展

番茄在中国设施蔬菜产量中高居首位,是我国重要的蔬菜作物。青枯病是危害番茄产业发展的重要病害,由青枯雷尔氏菌侵染引起,其病原菌能够在土层深处长时间存活并进行转移,化学防治效果有限,严重影响番茄产量及品质。本文介绍了番茄青枯病的特征及病原菌种类,从植物源杀菌剂、农用抗生素、生防菌、噬菌体等方面系统综述了生物防治番茄青枯病的研究进展,重点介绍了这些生物防治措施的原理、应用现状,同时,对相应方法存在的局限性提出了改进的措施,认为开发出以微生态调控为基础的环保、高效生物防治新体系将是未来番茄青枯病生物防治的发展方向。     

烟草青枯病研究进展

烟草青枯病是由茄青枯雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的影响世界烟草生产的重要病害之一,该病是一种典型的土传性细菌病害。主要对烟草青枯病菌的致病机理、遗传多样性和防治等方面的研究进展进行综述,阐明烟草青枯病菌的研究现状。     

生物防治因子

生产了含有青枯假单胞菌(Pseudomonas solanacerum)菌株M4S的合成物,用以防治茄科植物的青枯病和细菌枯萎病     

云南省烟植地青枯菌RS-22的分离及其拮抗菌的筛选和鉴定

【背景】由青枯劳尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的烟草青枯病是一种重要土传病害,在我国南方烟区普遍发生。生物防控是针对烟草青枯病的一种有效防治措施,但是相关的研究报道还较少。【目的】分离云南省烟植地的青枯病原菌,筛选其拮抗菌并对其抑菌效果进行鉴定。【方法】采用平板稀释法从云南感病烟草中分离获得青枯菌,采用平板对峙法筛选青枯菌拮抗菌,筛选得到的拮抗菌通过16SrRNA基因测序比对确定菌种类型,并在实验室和大田鉴定其对青枯病的防治效果。【结果】从感病烟草茎中分离出一株强致病性青枯菌小种RS-22,该菌能侵染烟草和番茄并最终使植物死亡;筛选出12株RS-22拮抗菌,其中拮抗作用最强的是Y4;Y4被鉴定为一株解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),其菌体和分泌物都能抑制RS-22生长;Y4根部灌根处理能显著提高烟草和番茄对青枯菌RS-22的抗性,Y4处理能使感病烟草部分恢复正常,在云南文山州烟草种植大田施加Y4菌剂和菌剂有机肥混合物也能显著降低烟草青枯病的感病率。【结论】青枯菌RS-22具有广谱的致病性,筛选的拮抗菌Y4能显著抑制青枯菌生长,而且对青枯菌侵染植物有很好的防治效果。研究结果为进一步研究烟草青枯病的生物防控提供了新的理论依据。     

青枯菌三型分泌系统研究进展

摘要:青枯菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)可导致多种重要经济作物毁灭性枯萎(bacterial wilt,又称青枯病),是世界上分布最广、危害最严重的十大植物病原细菌之一。注射器状的三型分泌系统(Type III secretion system)是青枯菌的一个决定性致病因子,青枯菌利用T3SS向寄主细胞中注射大量效应蛋白(Type III effectors)来抑制寄 主的免疫反应,从而引起寄主感病。本文围绕近年来有关青枯菌T3SS 遗传特性、表达调控、效应蛋白功能等方面最新进展进行综述,为全面了解青枯菌致病机理和植物细菌病害的防治提供新思路。     

Bacteriophage P4282, a parasite of Ralstonia solanacearum, encodes a bacteriolytic protein important for lytic infection of its host

To enhance bacterial wilt resistance in tobacco expressing a foreign protein, we isolated the bacteriolytic gene from a bacteriophage that infects Ralstonia solanacearum. The bacteriolytic protein of phage P4282 isolated in Tochigi Prefecture was purified from a lysate of R. solanacearum M4S cells infected with the phage, and its bacteriolytic activity was assayed by following the decrease in the turbidity of suspensions of R. solancacearum M4S cells. The molecular weight of the bacteriolytic protein was approximately 71 kDa, and the sequence of the N-terminal 13 amino acids was determined. We used oligonucleotide probes based on this amino acid sequence to isolate the bacteriolytic gene from phage P4282 DNA. This gene of 2061 bp encodes a product of 687 amino acids, whose calaculated molecular weight was 70.12 kDa. The bacteriolytic gene was placed under the control of an inducible promoter. and the plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli NM522. The soluble proteins extracted from E.coli NM522 cells harboring the plasmid with the bacteriolytic gene showed obvious bacteriolytic activities against several strains of R. solanacearum isolated in various districts in Japan. DNA fragments from five phages, isolated in Niigata, Aomori, Okinawa, Fukushima and Yamaguchi Prefectures, hybridized to the bacteriolytic gene of phage P4282. These observations indicate that the bacteriolytic protein shows nonspecific activity against R. solanacearum strains, and a sequence similar to that of the bacteriolytic gene is conserved in the DNA of other bacteriophages. These results indicate that the generation of transgenic (tobacco) plants expressing the bacteriolytic gene of phage P4282 might result in enhanced resistance to bacterial wilt in tobacco.     

一株番茄青枯病菌拮抗细菌的筛选、发酵条件优化及田间小区防效

[背景]番茄青枯病是由青枯劳尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的一种土传细菌性病害,该病原菌严重影响番茄的生产。[目的]筛选番茄青枯病的生防细菌,并将其用于病害防治。[方法]采用抑菌圈法、琼脂扩散法从湖南衡阳青枯病发病田的健康番茄根际土壤筛选对青枯劳尔氏菌具有较强拮抗能力的菌株,通过形态学观察、生理生化试验、16S rRNA基因和gyrA基因测序分析确定其分类地位;以单因素试验和正交试验对发酵条件进行优化;通过田间小区试验初探其防效。[结果]筛选的菌株TR-1被初步鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensislezensis);菌株TR-1最佳培养基配方(g/L):可溶性淀粉20.0,大豆蛋白胨10.0,磷酸氢二钾5.0;最佳发酵条件:pH6.0-7.0,温度30-33℃,摇床转速160 r/min,发酵时长48 h,优化后TR-1无菌发酵上清液对青枯菌抑菌圈直径达2.95 cm,约为优化前的2倍;其田间小区防效为60.30%。[结论]通过对菌株TR-1发酵条件进行优化可大大提升其发酵液抑菌效果,而且菌株TR-1在田间小区试验中对番茄青枯病防效优...     

Characterization of the interaction between the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum and the model legume plant Medicago truncatula

The soilborne pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt and attacks more than 200 plant species, including some legumes and the model legume plant Medicago truncatula. We have demonstrated that M. truncatula accessions Jemalong A17 and F83005.5 are susceptible to R. solanacearum and, by screening 28 R. solanacearum strains on the two M. truncatula lines, differential interactions were identified. R. solanacearum GMI1000 infected Jemalong A17 line, and disease symptoms were dependent upon functional hrp genes. An in vitro root inoculation method was employed to demonstrate that R. solanacearum colonized M. truncatula via the xylem and intercellular spaces. R. solanacearum multiplication was restricted by a factor greater than 1 x 10(5) in the resistant line F83005.5 compared with susceptible Jemalong A17. Genetic analysis of recombinant inbred lines from a cross between Jemalong A17 and F83005.5 revealed the presence of major quantitative trait loci for bacterial wilt resistance located on chromosome 5. The results indicate that the root pathosystem for M. truncatula will provide useful traits for molecular analyses of disease and resistance in this model plant species.     

首次报道一点红青枯病由茄青枯菌引起

一点红青枯病在广西种植区严重发生。通过柯赫氏法则证实病原菌为细菌。用16srDNA通用引物进行PCR鉴定,测序结果表明,PCR产物与茄青枯菌有99%的同源性。首次报道一点红青枯病由茄青枯菌引起。     

Using the Ralstonia solanacearum Tat secretome to identify bacterial wilt virulence factors

To identify secreted virulence factors involved in bacterial wilt disease caused by the phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, we mutated tatC, a key component of the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) secretion system. The R. solanacearum tatC mutation was pleiotropic; its phenotypes included defects in cell division, nitrate utilization, polygalacturonase activity, membrane stability, and growth in plant tissue. Bioinformatic analysis of the R. solanacearum strain GMI1000 genome predicted that this pathogen secretes 70 proteins via the Tat system. The R. solanacearum tatC strain was severely attenuated in its ability to cause disease, killing just over 50% of tomato plants in a naturalistic soil soak assay where the wild-type parent killed 100% of the plants. This result suggested that elements of the Tat secretome may be novel bacterial wilt virulence factors. To identify contributors to R. solanacearum virulence, we cloned and mutated three genes whose products are predicted to be secreted by the Tat system: RSp1521, encoding a predicted AcvB-like protein, and two genes, RSc1651 and RSp1575, that were identified as upregulated in planta by an in vivo expression technology screen. The RSc1651 mutant had wild-type virulence on tomato plants. However, mutants lacking either RSp1521, which appears to be involved in acid tolerance, or RSp1575, which encodes a possible amino acid binding protein, were significantly reduced in virulence on tomato plants. Additional bacterial wilt virulence factors may be found in the Tat secretome.     

Influence of native microbiota on survival of Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II in river water microcosms

Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II biovar 2 causes bacterial wilt in solanaceous hosts, producing severe economic losses worldwide. Waterways can be major dissemination routes of this pathogen, which is able to survive for long periods in sterilized water. However, little is known about its survival in natural water when other microorganisms, such as bacteriophages, other bacteria, and protozoa, are present. This study looks into the fate of a Spanish strain of R. solanacearum inoculated in water microcosms from a Spanish river, containing different microbiota fractions, at 24 degrees C and 14 degrees C, for a month. At both temperatures, R. solanacearum densities remained constant at the initial levels in control microcosms of sterile river water while, by contrast, declines in the populations of the introduced strain were observed in the nonsterile microcosms. These decreases were less marked at 14 degrees C. Lytic bacteriophages present in this river water were involved in the declines of the pathogen populations, but indigenous protozoa and bacteria also contributed to the reduced persistence in water. R. solanacearum variants displaying resistance to phage infection were observed, but only in microcosms without protozoa and native bacteria. In water microcosms, the temperature of 14 degrees C was more favorable for the survival of this pathogen than 24 degrees C, since biotic interactions were slower at the lower temperature. Similar trends were observed in microcosms inoculated with a Dutch strain. This is the first study demonstrating the influence of different fractions of water microorganisms on the survival of R. solanacearum phylotype II released into river water microcosms.     

烟草青枯病劳尔氏菌与拮抗菌对根系分泌物的竞争作用

[目的]研究青枯病病原菌与拮抗菌的营养特性及其对烟草根系分泌物的响应差异,对提高拮抗菌定殖能力、有效生物防控烟草青枯病具有非常重要的意义。[方法]本研究通过筛选与鉴定贵州烟区青枯病病原菌株及拮抗菌株,通过Biolog表型芯片技术分别检测病原菌与拮抗菌的特征性碳、氮源,利用气质联用(GC-MS)检测烟草主栽品种K326根系分泌物的主要物质,在此基础上进行病原菌与拮抗菌对其利用能力、利用强度以及共培养的研究。[结果]经鉴定,分离、筛选到的病原菌株和拮抗菌株分别为青枯劳尔氏菌(Ralstonia solawacearum)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis);在含量为0.01μg/mL以上的根系分泌物中,12种物质的含量从高到低排序为:果胶>葡萄糖>木糖>阿拉伯糖>半乳糖>核糖>蔗糖>苯甲酸>果糖=D-甘露醇>棕榈酸>富马酸,果胶含量最高且明显高于其他物质;拮抗菌(LX4)对碳源利用能力高于病原菌(Rs)的碳源有阿拉伯糖、木糖和核糖,分别是病原菌利用能力的1.22、1.95和2.17倍;前12 h拮抗菌利用果糖强度高于病原菌,不同碳源共培养24 h后LX4对gfp-Rs(绿色荧光蛋白标记后的青枯病病原菌)抑制率为18.34%(阿拉伯糖)、53.23%(木糖)、63.53%(核糖)和52.09%(果糖)。[结论]拮抗菌对烟草根系分泌物的利用不及病原菌,但在特定碳源条件下拮抗菌能够利用根系分泌物中的某些碳源产生某种拮抗物质抑制病原菌,拮抗菌与病原菌之间同时存在利用性竞争和干扰性竞争关系,研究结果为进一步研究烟草青枯病的生物防控提供了新的理论依据。     

Effect of temperature and resistance of tobacco cultivars to the progression of bacterial wilt,caused by Ralstonia solanacearum

Plant and Soil - Resistant cultivars are one of the most effective control measures used against bacterial wilt, caused by the soilborne bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. We aimed to determine the...