蓝细菌制氢研究进展

蓝细菌具有很低的营养需求,能够利用太阳能直接光解水产生氢能,利用蓝细菌产氢是理想的生物制氢方式之一。目前,蓝细菌氢的产率尚未达到实际应用的要求。蓝细菌产氢依赖于菌株的遗传背景和产氢的环境条件。对蓝细菌产氢生理、产氢速率、产氢的环境条件、菌株筛选和突变株构建以及在光生物反应器中产氢的特征作了综述,以期有利于蓝细菌产氢水平的提高。     

暗发酵-光发酵两阶段联合生物制氢技术研究进展

随着能源紧缺的日益加剧,以及化石燃料燃烧引起的环境问题逐渐突显,氢能作为一种清洁可再生能源越来越受到青睐。生物制氢与热化学及电化学制氢相比其反应条件温和、低耗、绿色,是一项非常有应用前景的技术。生物制氢从广义上可以分为暗发酵和光发酵产氢两种,其中暗发酵微生物可以利用有机废弃物产生氢气以及有机酸等副产物,光合细菌在光照和固氮酶的作用下可以将暗发酵产生的有机酸继续用于产氢,因此两种发酵产氢方式相结合可以提高有机废物的资源化效率。将近年来暗发酵-光发酵两阶段生物制氢技术进行整理分析,从其产氢机理、主要影响因素、暗发酵-光发酵产氢结合方式(两步法、混合培养产氢)几个方面进行阐述,最后指出该技术面临的挑战。     

废水中“淘”出新能源

该项目开发的乙醇型发酵生物制氢技术,实际上是一项生物发酵产氢和高浓度有机废水处理的集成技术,在治理废水污染的同时,制取了大量的清洁能源氢气。从废弃物资源化与综合利用的角度看,该技术符合我国废水循环利用和污染物资源化的迫切需求。     

微生物产氢研究的进展

氢能由于其清洁、高效、可再生的特点而成为一种最有吸引力的化石燃料的替代能源。与传统的热化学和电化学制氢技术相比,生物制氢具有低能耗、少污染等特点。本文主要对各种微生物的生物产氢方法作一综合概括,着重介绍光合紫色非硫细菌(PNS)产氢研究的最新进展。     

生物制氢——能源、资源、环境与经济可持续发展策略

人类面临能源危机、资源短缺、环境污染的严峻挑战,开发新的能源,合理利用资源并保护生态环境势在必行。氢能具有清洁、高效、可再生的特点,是未来重要的新能源物质。生物制氢技术利用可再生资源,特别是可利用工农业有机废弃物产氢,效率高,能耗低,污染少,成本低,具有巨大的发展潜力。本文简要阐述生物制氢技术及其发展状况,提出我国发展生物制氢技术,实现能源、资源、环境与经济可持续发展的政策建议。     

生物产氢研究进展

氢能是一种清洁高效的能源。氢气可以利用工农业废料通过微生物发酵制取 ,是一种可再生燃料。文中介绍了厌氧菌、兼性厌氧菌、好氧菌、光合细菌和蓝细菌等产氢的微生物种类 ,以及它们的产氢机理。从光合细菌利用废料产氢的效率和产氢设备的研究来看 ,无疑具有很大的潜力。以产氢技术作为下一代能源开发创新的技术已引起国际社会的重视 ,具有广阔的市场前景。     

绿藻光合生物制氢技术进展

氢能作为可再生、环境友好的能源,已成为营造可持续发展的经济节约型社会的理想能源。绿藻因能利用光能分解水产氢,被称为最有应用前景的方法之一。本文将综述绿藻光合产氢的原理,介绍该生物制氢技术的研究现状和最新进展,并对其发展趋势做以展望。     

光合细菌光合产氢的研究进展

光合细菌 (Photosyntheticbacteria ,PSB)光合产氢的研究是国内外普遍关注的热点问题。就PSB光合产氢的机理、条件及光合细菌生态应用等方面进行综述 ,并着重论述了光合细菌产氢过程中两种主要的酶—固氮酶和氢酶以及影响酶活性的因素。     

废弃物资源化的生物技术

一切有机或无机废弃物都有可能实现资源化,这对走循环经济可持续发展之路和环保产业的发展具有重要意义。生物．微生物技术的应用在其中能起到关键性的作用,众多废弃物都有可能借助生物或非生物途径得以充分利用。这里仅介绍两类典型事例：（1）以源于各类含糖类物质的废物（如制糖厂废弃的糖渣）为原料发酵生产洁净氢能。如英国研究人员将这类残糖渣稀释后用来培养一种大肠杆菌,在氢酶作用下使糖产生大量氢气,把它收集起来作洁净能源,或作燃料电池之用。美国研究人员将灭菌花园土壤置于发电容器中,加入家庭垃圾、适中废水,再接种产氢细菌,经培养即具产氢效力,     

木质纤维素生物转化产氢技术现状与发展趋势

氢能是一种清洁能源,利用木质纤维素类生物质生产氢气,在生产可再生绿色能源的同时,避免了木质纤维素资源未被充分利用而造成的环境污染和资源浪费,它的开发与应用对人类未来能源与经济发展具有十分重要意义。以下综述了木质纤维素生物转化产氢技术的研究现状,提出了木质纤维素生物转化产氢的总体构想与对产业发展方向的建议。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.