选择性冠状静脉动脉化搭桥术中不同移植物的应用疗效比较

目的:对比选择性冠状静脉动脉化(SCVBG)搭桥治疗弥漫性右冠状动脉狭窄病变中选择乳内动脉和大隐静脉作为桥血管的治疗效果。方法:选择2008年10月到2014年10月在我院行SCVBG搭桥的84例患者资料,其中选择大隐静脉作为桥血管进行冠状静脉动脉化搭桥患者46例(大隐静脉桥组),选择乳内动脉作为桥血管进行冠状静脉动脉化搭桥患者38例(乳内动脉桥组)。随访记录两组患者的生存情况、近期复查超声心动图、冠状动脉CTA及心绞痛复发率。结果:乳内动脉桥组患者总生存率(100%)明显高于大隐静脉桥组(82.6%)(P0.05)。乳内动脉桥组患者桥血管和心中静脉通畅率(100%)明显大于大隐静脉桥组(54.35%)(P0.05)。两组患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)较治疗前明显增加,左心室舒张期末内径(LVEDD)较治疗前明显减小(P0.05)。治疗后,乳内动脉桥组患者心绞痛复发率明显小于大隐静脉桥组(P0.05)。结论:SCVBG搭桥治疗弥漫性右冠状动脉狭窄病变中,选择乳内动脉桥效果优于大隐静脉桥,能明显提高桥血管和心中静脉通畅率,降低心绞痛复发率。     

环氧化合物和戊二醛对人离体大隐静脉力学性质的影响

本实验设计用一种环氧化合物－国产丙三醇二缩水甘油醚和戊二发别对人离体大隐脉进行处理,通过对一维拉伸时不同处理血管的应力－应变关系的研究,了解其基本的力学性质,以比较两种方法处理血管柔顺性的差异。     

内源性儿茶酚胺参与白细胞介素-2对大鼠离体心脏的作用

目的: 研究内源性儿茶酚胺是否参与白细胞介素-2(IL-2)的心脏作用.方法: 采用Langendorff离体心脏灌流模型,观察室性早搏次数、左室发展压(LVDP)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、心率(HR)和冠脉流量(CF)的变化.结果: ①50 U/ml IL-2增加离体心脏的室性早搏次数,增加LVDP、LVEDP、HR和CF.②利舍平(reserpine)或普萘洛尔(propranolol)预处理后,50 U/ml IL-2对离体心脏的作用消失;phentolamine预处理后,不改变50U/ml IL-2的离体心脏作用.③200 U/ml IL-2增加离体心脏的室性早搏次数,对LVDP、LVEDP、HR和CF无显著增加作用.④reserpine或propranolol预处理后,200 U/ml IL-2增加离体心脏的室性早搏次数作用不明显,LVDP、HR和CF降低、LVEDP增高.结论: 内源性儿茶酚胺介导了IL-2的致离体心脏心律失常、正性变时和变力作用,较高浓度的IL-2抑制离体心脏的功能.     

离体心舰顺应性综合评定的实验研究

采用精度高、稳定性好的标准等长收缩灌流装置,从数学和弹性力学角度计算、分析正常及缺氧状态下大鼠乳头肌的应力-应变、应力松弛和蠕变三种生物物理特性的变化。以前者反映顺应性的静态变化,尝试以后二者反映顺应性的动态变化。结果表明,缺氧状态下,不仅心肌的静态顺应性降低(应力—应变曲线明显左移),其动态顺应性也明显降低(应力松驰及蠕变的程度和速度明显降低)。结果提示,本实验方法可用于不同状态下离体心肌顺应性的综合评定。     

内窥镜获取大隐静脉对冠状动脉旁路移植术后桥血管通畅率的影响

目的:比较研究冠状动脉移植术中应用内窥镜获取大隐静脉及传统切开方式获取大隐静脉术后桥血管通畅率。方法:选择2012年2月~2013年2月在我院接受冠状动脉旁路移植术患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同,将患者分为内窥镜组(EVH,n=178)和开放手术组(OVH,n=202)。术后1年行冠脉CT检查,观察两组患者桥血管通畅情况。结果:术中无不良事件发生。EVH组术中共计完成静脉桥血管总数为376支,平均每例2.11支。术后1年行冠脉CT检查,失访19例(静脉桥血管43支),发生桥血管再狭窄总数为21支/共333支,平均每例为0.0631支。OVH组术中共计完成静脉桥血管总数为458支,平均每例2.27支。术后1年行冠脉CT检查,失访11例(含静脉桥血管31支),发生桥血管再狭窄总数为26支/共427支,平均每例为0.0609支。统计学分析显示两组间比较无明显统计学差异,P0.05。结论:冠状动脉移植术中应用内窥镜获取大隐静脉与传统切开方式获取大隐静脉相比较,在术后1年时桥血管通畅率无明显统计学差异。     

SM-22α、α-SMA的表达与下肢静脉曲张具有相关性

探讨SM-22α、α-SMA水平变化与下肢静脉曲张的相关性及其意义。采用间苯二酚品红染色法观察血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)结构,通过免疫组织化学染色观察正常大隐静脉及曲张大隐静脉切片SM-22α和α-SMA表达情况;利用RT-PCR检测正常大隐静脉及曲张大隐静脉中SM-22α和α-SMA m RNA表达水平,并用Western blotting检测正常大隐静脉及曲张大隐静脉SM-22α和α-SMA蛋白表达水平。结果显示,曲张静脉管壁血管平滑肌细胞SM-22α和α-SMA阳性表达率较正常大隐静脉均明显降低,与正常组比较,静脉曲张患者血清中SM-22α和α-SMA m RNA表达水平均明显降低,血管管壁平滑肌细胞SM-22α和α-SMA蛋白表达水平均明显降低(p0.05或p0.01)。曲张静脉VSMCs有明显向内膜增殖"迁移"现象,且收缩型VSMCs中SM-22α和α-SMA m RNA及蛋白表达水平均随VSMCs去分化程度增加而减少,这可能是静脉曲张发生、发展的机制之一。     

不同供水下白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)离体根呼吸特征——基于稳定碳同位素示踪技术

植物根呼吸是土壤呼吸的主要组成,研究根呼吸对生态系统碳收支及碳平衡有重要意义。采用~(13)C脉冲标记技术,在3种供水条件下,对比不同根离体时间(标记后0,6,24,48,216,360 h)的白羊草离体根呼吸速率和根呼吸释放的δ~(13)C同位素比值变化,分析根参数与离体根呼吸相关性。结果表明:1)不同离体时间的离体根呼吸速率变化趋势一致,3种供水条件下无显著差异,均在0—20 min急剧下降,下降范围为32%—39%。2)测定离体根呼吸释放的δ~(13)C在不同离体时间的变化,为实时监测转移到白羊草根系的~(13)CO_2在根部释放的过程提供了新思路;不同离体时间,3种供水条件下根呼吸释放的δ~(13)C在2 h内均值大小呈:供水充分轻度胁迫重度胁迫。随离体时间(0—360 h)推移根呼吸释放的δ~(13)C均值先增大后减小,在216 h达到峰值31.46‰;3)离体根呼吸速率和根呼吸释放的δ~(13)C受根系根面积、比根面积、N含量、C/N及根组织δ~(13)C的影响显著。4)轻度水分胁迫可促使根系生长(C固定)和根呼吸(C代谢)同时增加。     

超声定位穿静脉结扎对下肢静脉性溃疡术后愈合影响的临床研究

目的:观察下肢静脉性溃疡患者穿静脉功能不全情况,探讨超声定位下肢穿静脉结扎对下肢静脉性溃疡术后疗效的影响。方法:40例大隐静脉曲张患者随机分成两组:A组采用大隐静脉高位结扎、静脉腔内微波射频闭合术及超声定位穿静脉结扎治疗,B组采用大隐静脉高位结扎和静脉腔内微波射频闭合术治疗。观察两组患者治疗后静脉性溃疡的愈合时间、复发率及瓣膜功能不全穿静脉数量部位,并比较两组患者临床预后评分。结果:术前两组瓣膜功能不全穿静脉数量分别是47条和44条,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.5520)。术后两组愈合时间分别是(7.5±4.389)周和(11.6±6.489)周,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.048)。两组临床预后评分分别为(2.3±0.6)分和(1.1±1.5)分,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.042)。结论:多普勒超声可有效检测定位瓣膜功能不全的下肢穿静脉,在超声定位下行大隐静脉高位结扎、静脉腔内微波射频闭合术联合穿静脉结扎治疗下肢静脉性溃疡的疗效优于穿静脉不结扎。     

剪切流场中内皮细胞膜张应力累加效应的实验研究-离体血管段长度与其蛋白质代谢的相关性

用离体血管灌流试验验证冯元桢等关于血管内皮细胞的膜张应力逆血流方向轻加的理论分析。用０．１２Ｎ／ｍ＾２剪应力剪切人脐静脉段内皮细胞２０ｈ后,两种不同长度离体血管的内皮素平均分泌速率无显著差异,但在分泌速率的曲线形态,特征方程和最大分泌速率,最小分泌速率及分泌速率变异系数上差异较大;ＡＴⅡ的平均分泌速率差异彩显著,１１ｃｍ处理比２１ｃｍ处理高６８％。     

两种不同mGluR5抑制剂对创伤后Homerla蛋白表达水平影响的研究

目的:研究代谢型谷氨酸受体5(mGluR5)的激动剂依赖性活性和激动剂非依赖性对创伤性脑损伤后Homerla蛋白表达水平的影响.方法:离体培养神经元2w,采用mGluR5抑制剂2-甲基-6-苯基乙炔基嘧啶(MPEP)和α-甲基-4-羧苯基甘氨酸(MCPG)两种不同剂量预处理神经元细胞1h,神经元机械性损伤模型划伤细胞;利用立体定向仪固定大鼠,在大鼠脑皮层注射两种不同剂量的抑制剂,1h后采用自由落体损伤模型造成大鼠颅脑损伤.通过Westem blot分别检测离体和在体Homerla蛋白表达水平的变化.结果:两种不同剂量MPEP预处理后,大鼠脑皮层和离体培养的神经元细胞中Homerla蛋白表达水平表达明显减少,具有统计学差异(P＜0.05);而两种不同剂量的MCPG预处理后,Homerla蛋白表达水平的改变不明显.结论:颅脑损伤后内源性Homerla的产生是与代谢型谷氨酸受体激动剂非依赖性活性密切相关.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.