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污泥堆肥混合基质对香彩雀生长开花的影响及植物适应性评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用盆栽试验,研究了以城市污泥堆肥为主要原料的基质对观花植物香彩雀(Angelonia salicariifolia Humb.)生长和开花特性的影响,并采用熵权系数与TOPSIS集成评价法综合评价了不同基质对香彩雀的生长适应性。结果表明,经过60 d高温好氧堆制的污泥堆肥,以不同体积比与泥炭、河沙混配成的栽培基质容重和EC值比研究区的林地赤红壤低,pH值和养分含量更高。污泥堆肥混合基质栽培的香彩雀营养生长和生殖生长均优于土壤栽培,其中株高比后者增加29%~61%,分枝数增加27%~67%,鲜重增加17%~88%,干重增加4%~50%,开花时间提前2~16 d,花朵数增加49%~220%,花期延长8~22 d,花朵畸形率降低1%~5%,对氮、磷、钾的吸收能力显著提高。试验中各种污泥堆肥混合基质均适合香彩雀生长,熵权系数与TOPSIS集成评价结果显示,在所研究的污泥堆肥基质中,污泥堆肥:泥炭:河沙体积比为5∶3∶2的基质植物适应性最强,纯污泥堆肥植物适应性相对较差,但优于土壤。将污泥堆肥作为基质主要成分用于花卉生产,既可提高花卉质量,降低成本,又能消耗大量污泥,是城市污泥资源化处置和利用的重要方向。 相似文献
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在(38±0.5)℃的温度下,研究不同配料比对餐厨垃圾和市政污泥混合厌氧消化过程中系统参数及微生物群落多样性的影响,设定餐厨垃圾和市政污泥的挥发性固体的质量比为1∶0、0∶1、1∶1、1∶2和2∶1,并采用高通量测序技术分析厌氧消化过程中微生物组成的多样性。结果表明:质量比为1∶1的体系混合厌氧消化时,产甲烷效果最佳,单位质量的挥发性固体含量的产甲烷量可达到232.86 L/kg,挥发性固体含量的去除率达46.09%。各个混合比例体系中的优势物种为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina)。在餐厨垃圾中添加市政污泥混合厌氧消化能够提高微生物群落的多样性,促进菌种间的协同作用,进而提升产气效率。 相似文献
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沼渣与污泥混合高温堆肥效果及氮素控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以锯木屑为调理剂,以Mg(OH)2与H3PO4的混合液为高温堆肥过程中的氮素抑制剂,研究沼渣与啤酒厂污泥混合堆肥效果。结果表明:混合物经好氧发酵处理后,均达到腐熟。添加氮素固定剂处理和对照处理的最高温度都可达65℃以上,在堆肥过程中添加氮素固定剂处理可提高堆体中有机物质的转化速率,对氮素的固定率达18%以上,添加固氮剂处理的堆肥结束后P元素增加了51%,堆肥品质得到了大幅度提高。堆肥过程中的物料的种子发芽指数不断提高,达到0.9;添加固氮剂的处理堆肥的种子发芽指数为1.0,明显高于对照。可见采用高温堆肥和氮素固定技术可有效地实现沼渣及啤酒厂污泥的混合资源化,该研究为后期沼渣和啤酒厂污泥堆肥的规模化应用提供了技术参数。 相似文献
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城市污泥与园林废弃物堆肥的混合施用对高羊茅萌发与生长的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
《生态学杂志》2016,(10)
以北京市城市污泥与园林废弃物为研究对象,采用盆栽方法,将污泥产品与园林废弃物堆肥按不同体积配比(1∶0、1∶3、1∶1和0∶1)混合,设置不同混合物施加量(0%、25%、50%、75%和100%混合物),比较其对高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea L.)的发芽以及生长的影响。结果表明:混合物添加对早期发芽率有负面影响,发芽率最高值出现在污泥与堆肥1∶1的25%混合物施加处理中;在整个观测周期内,加入混合物后株高均显著(P0.05)高于对照,且在后期表现更加明显;单株地上部生物量随着时间的延长各处理均呈现显著增加的趋势,而除了纯污泥处理外,随着施用量的增加,单株地上生物量均呈现降低的趋势;累积地上生物量和地下生物量在各处理下均显著高于对照,最大值出现在污泥与堆肥1∶1的25%混合物施加处理中;污泥与园林废弃物堆肥以不同比例混合后,比对照和仅园林废弃物堆肥对高羊茅的生长影响更明显,但混合物施用量较低时起促进作用,较高时会产生一定的抑制作用,且当两者的配比为1∶1的低施用量条件下高羊茅的生长指标最高。 相似文献
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污水处理厂产生的大量剩余污泥,是目前困扰市政工程的主要问题之一,对其进行减量化、稳定化、无害化和资源化是污泥处理处置的核心任务。厌氧消化技术是目前最广泛使用的污泥处理工艺之一,但厌氧消化技术受到污泥低水解速率的制约。基于热水解的高效污泥厌氧消化技术不仅打破传统厌氧消化的水解限速,还在改善污泥流变特性和化学特性、提高污泥厌氧消化效率和新兴污染物的去除等方面有着明显的优势。综述了热水解预处理对污泥特性和对系统中新兴污染物去除特性的影响,总结了目前的研究成果并展望了发展前景,指出工艺运行条件的进一步优化和经济可行性的系统评价是其推广使用的重要支撑。 相似文献
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随着城镇人口增加和城市化的快速发展,每天产生大量的污泥和园林废弃物,而厌氧消化的污泥与园林废弃物的混合堆肥产品应用于林地土壤改良,是城市废弃物循环利用的一种经济有效的方式。本研究在北京平原造林区开展试验,探讨混合堆肥对波斯菊的生长及对重金属元素吸收的影响。结果表明:施用堆肥对土壤全氮和有机质含量无显著影响; Cu、Zn、Cd三种重金属元素在土壤中主要以残渣态的形态存在;施用堆肥提高了土壤Cu、Zn含量,但Zn总量未超过土壤环境质量标准(GB 15618—2018)中的土壤污染风险筛选值300 mg·kg-1,Cu在施肥量较高时超过土壤污染风险筛选值100 mg·kg-1;土壤背景值中Cd含量已经高于土壤污染风险管制值4.0 mg·kg-1,施用堆肥对Cd含量的影响无明显规律;波斯菊株高、生物量和花数均随着堆肥施用量的增加而增加;波斯菊对重金属元素的富集性表现为CuCdZn。本研究表明,北京平原造林区的人工林生态系统可以忍受一定浓度的污泥和园林废弃物混合堆肥,并利用其中的营养物质,提高土壤肥力,促进植物生长。 相似文献
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盆栽试验表明,城市污泥堆肥不仅可以明显提高栽培基质的有效氮、磷含量,而且可以增强栽培基质的保水性能和植物的抗旱能力,但是栽培基质的萎焉点也随着其用量的增加而增高,因此,从保证植物水分供应的角度考虑,虽然可以大量地使用城市污泥堆肥,但是其用量并不是越多越好;当用量超过75%时,继续增加城市污泥堆肥的比例,则植物的吸水能力反而会略有下降,从养分供应和保水性能等角度综合考虑,采用经过堆肥处理的城市污泥作为植物栽培基质,是城市污泥资源化和无害化的可行途径。 相似文献
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Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献
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H.-R. GREGORIUS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1984,23(2-3):157-165
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献