高效烟草遗传转化体系的建立及甜蛋白基因的导入

以烟草无菌茁叶片为外植体,通过根癌农杆菌LBA4404介导法,将Thamnatin基因导人烟草中,经梯度卡那霉素(Kana-mycin,Km)筛选,获得可在含75mg／L、100mg／L Km选择生根培养基上再生的抗性植株,其中部分Km抗性植株经PCR检测为阳性,转化率为31．3％,初步鉴定已成功地建立了烟草遗传转化系统,为进一步探讨甜蛋白在植物中的转化和表达情况奠定基础。     

几丁质酶基因转化亚麻、红豆草、骆驼刺的同工酶研究

以亚麻、红豆草、骆驼刺的下胚轴为外植体,用含几丁质酶ＲＣ２４基因的根瘤农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４进行转化。对３种植物转化植株叶片及对照植株叶片的愈伤组织的过氧化物酶及酯酶同工酶分析表明,转基因植株叶片愈伤组织的同工酶谱与对照系相比具有明显的差异,由此推测转化系愈伤组织中可能存在变化了的基因产物,并认为导入的外源几丁质酶基因可能引起了转化材料的遗传变异。     

亚麻下胚轴转化系统的建立

亚麻是重要的纤维和油料作物,建立简易有效的转化系统,利用农杆菌介导的方法引入有用的外源基因具有十分重要意义。已知不同亚麻品种被根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)和发根农杆菌(Agrobacterium rhizogenes)感染的能力差别很大(Zhan XC等 1989)。植物的基因型和农     

转几丁质酶基因黑杨的获得

以G1黑杨幼叶为外植体建立了组织培养高频再生体系 ,对传统的农杆菌介导法进行了改进 ,用来自于菜豆的几丁质酶基因 (CH5B)进行转化 ,经PCR和PCR Southern杂交鉴定 ,证实CH5B基因已整合入G1黑杨核基因组中。     

新疆杨高效遗传转化系统的建立

选择新疆杨(Populus alba L.var．pyramidalis Bge．)为遗传转化受体材料,为建立根癌农杆菌介导新疆杨高效遗传转化系统,从预培养时间、侵染时间、共培养时间、添加乙酰丁香酮(AS)的时机、共培养培养基中添加乙酰丁香酮浓度、侵染菌液的制备方法、外植体继代方式等7个方面优化筛选。结果显示较合适的转化系统为：预培养8h,农杆菌菌液(OD600=0．4)侵染15min,共培养5d,侵染菌液的最优制备方法是液体培养活化农杆菌2次加离心收集菌体重悬,共培养培养基中添加乙酰丁香酮80μmol／L。新疆杨叶盘转化频率可达38．10％。     

农杆菌介导南瓜遗传转化体系的建立

以南瓜金辉一号(Cucurbita moschata ‘Jinhui 1’)为实验材料, 利用根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导转化南瓜子叶节, 研究了预培养时间、侵染时间、乙酰丁香酮(AS)浓度和共培养时间, 抗生素羧苄青霉素(Carb)、头孢霉素(Cef)以及筛选剂卡那霉素(Kan)等因素对离体不定芽的影响, 建立了南瓜最适遗传转化体系。结果表明: 外植体预培养0天,侵染时间30分钟, AS浓度为100 mg·L^–1, 共培养5天可获得最高遗传转化效率; 最适除菌剂为Cef, 其最适浓度为500mg·L^–1; 最适Kan筛选浓度为100 mg·L^–1; 在MS培养基上培养抗性芽生根, 经PCR和Southern blot检测, 证明为转基因植株。     

由根癌农杆菌介导向毛白杨导入激素合成基因建立遗传转化系统

用携带基因1,2的根癌农杆菌AG(84)转化毛白杨外植体,在无激素的MS0培养基上获得转化根。分离单根或切成根段在分化培养基上能分化芽而再生完整植株。由T－DNA上带有基因4的根癌农杆菌C58C1（PBZ6111）转化毛白杨外植体,在MS0培养基上能直接分化不定芽而再生植株．在转化中使用叶柄作外植体比使用叶片的转化率提高一倍以上。基因1,2引入毛白杨后,植株根系发达,生根率达100％。基因4引入毛白杨则使植株节间变短,植株矮化．纸电泳分析表明,带有基因1,2的转化植株能表达特异的农杆碱,带有基因4的转化植株能表达特异的胭脂碱。     

几丁质酶及其在植物遗传转化中的应用

介绍了几丁质酶的作用原理和主要性质,几丁质酶基因的主要来源和表达调控特点,阐述了几丁质酶基因在植物转化中的应用和存在的问题。     

高效马铃薯遗传转化体系的建立及甜蛋白基因的导入

本研究选用了三个马铃薯(Solanum Iuberosum L.)栽培品种“85T-14-3”、“86-2”及“Favorita”的块茎、微型薯和试管薯为起始材料,应用根癌农杆菌 Ti 质粒系统成功地建立了一种方法简单、速度快和频率高的遗传转化体系。其中试管薯薄片的转化速度最快,经根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)共培养后,薄片在100mg/L 卡那霉素的分化培养上,2—3周就可产生出抗性小芽,这些小芽进一步仲长后可在50—100mg/L 卡那霉素的无激素MS 培养基上生根。从共培养到转化植株的获得只需6—7周。微型薯和试管薯的转化频率较高,最高可达67.5%。大多数抗性植株均能检测到胭脂碱合成酶或 GUS 基因的表达。把带有甜蛋白基因和胭脂碱合成酶标记基因的Ti质粒导入马铃薯,获得大量转化植株。叶片抗性检测和 nopaline 检测可推断外源甜蛋白基因已进入马铃薯基因组。     

基因枪法向小麦导入几丁质酶基因的研究

利用基因枪法,以菜豆几丁质酶基因转化小麦幼胚愈伤组织。在轰击压力1300psi,轰击距离6cm、100μg金粉/枪和轰击距离9cm、150μg金粉/枪的2种处理条件下,获得4株春小麦东农7742转化植株,转化频率分别为0.36％和0.56％。经PCR和PCR-Southern杂交分析,证实菜豆几丁质酶基因已整合到T0和T1小麦基因组中。采用氨基葡萄糖法测定几丁质酶活力,结果表明,转基因小麦的几丁质酶活力明显高于对照株;转基因植株对白粉病症状减缓,并获得一株赤霉菌接种未扩展的转基因T1植株。     

向烟草导入抗真菌病基因的研究

用花粉管通道法向烟草中导入几丁质酶基因,通过PCR检测的106株植株有4株表现出阳性,经点杂交检测得到3株阳性植株,用花粉管通道法向烟草导入几丁质酶基因具有可行性。     

水稻几丁质酶基因导入芥菜型油菜的研究

以芥菜型油菜 (BrassicajunceaL .)下胚轴为转化材料 ,通过根癌农杆菌 (Agrobacteriumtumefaciens)介导将水稻的几丁质酶基因 (Ricechitinasegene)导入“泸洲四陵”油菜品种中 ,获得抗潮霉素的再生转基因植株 ,并讨论了影响油菜再生及转化效率的几个因素。对部分经潮霉素筛选得到的再生植株进行了多次重复PCR检测 ,发现其中 40 %以上的潮霉素抗性植株均表现出较强的阳性反应 ,初步证明几丁质酶基因已整合到油菜细胞核基因组中。     

几丁质酶基因及其应用新进展

几丁质酶能降解真菌和昆虫细胞壁的主要成分几丁质而在生物防御中具有重要的作用。近年来随着重组DNA技术的进一步发展和对几丁质酶基因表达与调控机理研究的进一步深入,将几丁质酶基因导入植物增强其抗真菌能力方面的研究取得了较大进展,促进了几丁质酶的产业化应用。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Agrobacterium</Emphasis> -mediated transformation of cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis>) using a heterologous bean chitinase gene

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., var. Coker 312) hypocotyl explants were transformed with three strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, LBA4404, EHA101 and C58, each harboring the recombinant binary vector pBI121 containing the chi gene insert and neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) gene, as selectable marker. Inoculated tissue sections were placed onto cotton co-cultivation medium. Transformed calli were selected on MS medium containing 50 mg l⁻¹ kanamycin and 200 mg l⁻¹ cepotaxime. Putative calli were subsequently regenerated into cotton plantlets expressing both the kanamycin resistance gene and βglucuronidase (gus) as a reporter gene. Polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the integration of chi and nptII transgenes in the T₁ plants genome. Integration of chi gene into the genome of putative transgenic was further confirmed by Southern blot analysis. ‘Western’ immunoblot analysis of leaves isolated from T₀ transformants and progeny plants (T₁) revealed the presence of an immunoreactive band with MW of approximately 31 kDa in transgenic cotton lines using anti-chitinase-I polyclonal anti-serum. Untransformed control and one transgenic line did not show such an immunoreactive band. Chitinase specific activity in leaf tissues of transgenic lines was several folds greater than that of untransformed cotton. Crude leaf extracts from transgenic lines showed in vitro inhibitory activity against Verticillium dahliae.Transgenic plants currently growing in a greenhouse and will be bioassayed for improved resistance against V. dahlia the causal against of verticilliosis in cotton.     

BmNPV chitinase gene deletion enhances foreign gene expression in a BmN cell system

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is extensively being studied as an expression vector for heterologous gene expression in silkworm-derived cells as well as in the host larvae or pupae. BmNPV chitinase is necessary for liquefaction of the virus-infected host insect. The influence of chitinase on the efficiency of foreign gene expression was studied to provide a scientific basis for improving the BmNPV expression system. The BmNPV chitinase gene ( chiA ) was deleted and the expression level of the polyhedrin promoter controlling the lac Z gene in BmN cells was determined. Sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) showed that β-galactosidase accounted for approximately 6.9 and 7.7% of the total protein in BmN cells infected with the chiA deficient Bm lac Z⁺ chiA ⁻ at 3 and 4 days post infection, while the total protein was 3.2 and 4.2% in cells infected with Bm lac Z⁺. The relative β-galactosidase activities in Bm lac Z⁺ chiA ⁻-infected cells improved 2.33- and 1.56-fold compared to those of Bm lac Z⁺-infected cells at 3 and 4 days post infection. The results of the present study suggest that chitinase deletion could improve the lacZ expression level in the BmNPV-BmN cell expression system.     

A systematic study of the Linum tenuifolium group (Linaceae)

NICHOLLS, M. S., 1985. A systematic study of the Linum tenuifolium group (Linaceae) . A new classification of the Linum tenuifolium group is presented based upon detailed systematic study of 74 populations in nature. Previous confusion over taxonomy and nomenclature is resolved. Linum salsoloides, L. appressum and L. suffruticosum are treated as subspecies of L. tenuifolium . The morphological variation within each subspecies is discussed with reference to its distribution.     

昆虫几丁质酶基因的分子特性概述

昆虫几丁质酶是分解昆虫体壁和中肠围食膜几丁质的重要酶类。已从烟草天蛾、家蚕等多种昆虫中分离到几丁质酶的cDNA和DNA序列。昆虫几丁质酶基因有着相似的分子特性,这些特性可为构建杀虫工程菌及转几丁质酶基因植物奠定基础。作者结合自己在该领域的工作,着重就昆虫几丁质酶基因结构特点,基因的拷贝数,基因在体内的时空表达以及异源表达及活性测定等多个方面的研究方法和研究进展进行了较为全面地介绍。     

小麦种子中几丁质酶基因的扩增及序列分析

根据http://www.tigr.org中与小麦几丁质酶基因相关的序列TC187877,设计引物,分别从小麦品种Gamenya和苏麦3号中扩增到大小约为1 000bp的片段。经序列测定和软件分析比较,发现这些片段所编码的蛋白质氨基酸序列,都有CHITINASE-19.1和CHITINASE-19.2的基序,为第II类几丁质酶基因。扩增的核酸序列在GenBank上发表,登录号分别为AY973229和AY973230。