广西特有植物区系特征研究

分析论述了广西特有植物区系特征。结果表明:(1)广西特有植物共859种,隶属于119科303属,其中蕨类植物15科22属42种,裸子植物3科4属7种,被子植物101科277属810种。这些特有种中,以草本植物种类最多,有440种,灌木、乔木类型次之。(2)地理成分复杂多样,分布交错混杂。种子植物科包含9个分布类型,属包含14个分布类型。种则依据在广西区内地理分布可划分为5个分布亚型,其中以桂西南分布种类最多。(3)科属种的水平上都表现出明显的的热带-亚热带性质。4.区系成份兼具古老性和年青性,并表现出岩溶地区特有化发展的特征。     

广西特有植物的研究

<正> 目次 前言 一、广西特有植物的种类 (一)特有属(二)特有种(三)准特有种(四)非特有的模式植物(五)存疑种 二、广西特有植物的区系特征和地理分布 (一)特有植物的科、属、种构成(二)地理分布(三)区系特征 三、广西的特有植物与邻近地区植物区系的关系     

广西特有植物的研究(续一)

<正> 133.金虎尾科MALPIGHIACEAE白蜡叶风车藤 Hiptage fraxinifolia F.N.Wei in A. P.S.19(3):356,1981;横县(Hengxian County),陈照宙50482(Type,IBK).多花风车藤Hiptage multiflora F.N.Wei in A.P.S.19(3):356,1981;龙州县 (Longzhou County),科甲,石灰岩山,苏甲薰、李治基0046(Type,IEK).田阳风车藤 Hiptage tianyangensis F.N.Wei in A.P.S.9(3):358,1981;田阳县 (Tianyang County),六联,陈照宙53995(Type,IBK).     

广西植物区系的特有现象

本文统计了广西植物区系的特有属和特有种．分析了广西植物区系的特有现象．结果表明．广西植物区系有中国种子植物特有属６１个．占中国种子植物特有属总数的２３．７％;其中广西本地特有属１２个．特有程度仅次于有１５个省级特有属的云南。广西植物区系共有６９６个被子植物特有种．隶属于１０４科２８５属．它们有着强烈的热带亚热带性质．石灰岩山地的特有化发展则是广西植物区系的另一个显著特征,在６９６个特有种中．有２３０种为石灰岩山地专性特有种。这种石灰岩的特有化发展在苦苣苔科中表现得尤为显著。     

广西杜鹃花属新分类群

1　大橙杜鹃　新种　图 1 :1～ 7ＲｈｏｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｄａｃｈｅｎｇｅｎｓｅＧ .Ｚ .Ｌｉ ,ｓｐ .ｎｏｖ .(Ｓｕｂｇｅｎ .Ｈｙｍｅｎａｎｔｈｅｓ;Ｓｅｃｔ.Ｐｏｎｔｉｃｕｍ ;Ｓｕｂｓｅｃｔ.Ｔａｌｉｅｎｓｉａ ;)ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓＲｈ .ｈａｅｍａｔｏｄｉＦｒａｎｃｈ .ａｆｆｉｎｉｓ ,ｓｅｄｃｏｒｏｌｌｉｓｃａｍｐａｎｕｌａｔｉｓ ,ｒｏｓｅｏｌｉｓｖｅｌａｌｂｉｓ ,5- 7-ｌｏｂａｔｉｓ,ｓｔａｍｉｎｉｂｕｓ 1 0 - 1 3;ｓｔｙｌｏｇｌａｂｒｏ ,ｃａｌｙｘｍｉｎｏｒｉｂｕｓｄｅｎｓｅｖｅｌｕｔｉｎｉｓ ,ｌｏｂｉｓ 5…     

普定杜鹃花种群结构和空间分布格局

普定杜鹃花(Rhododendronpudingense)是杜鹃花属一新种,在贵州省首次发现的4个分布区设置样方,采用匀滑技术和均值比率等方法分析其种群结构和空间分布格局。结果表明,普定杜鹃花在4个分布区共有1 113株,其中晴隆611株,望谟308株,普定83株,镇宁111株;普定杜鹃花种群个体主要集中在第Ⅰ和第Ⅱ龄级;晴隆、望谟和普定分布点的存活曲线表现为Deevey-Ⅱ型,镇宁为Deevey-Ⅲ型;各个分布点都表现为聚集分布。4个分布区的普定杜鹃花种群属于增长型,但由于普定杜鹃花在分布的群落中数量较少,在群落物种组成中处于从属地位,加上其生长区域大量基岩裸露导致其生境的脆弱性,如果不加强人为干扰措施去保护普定杜鹃花,可能导致这一新物种会被森林群落中的其他物种淘汰。     

广西杜鹃花属的修订及其地理分布

本文在简述广西杜鹃花属分类研究历史的基础上,对其作了全面修订,着重讨论了其中１４种（变种）的分类存在问题,并对该属在广西境内的地理分布规律也作了初步的探讨。     

高黎贡山地区杜鹃花科特有植物

高黎贡山地区拥有丰富的杜鹃花科特有植物种类。分布于高黎贡山的杜鹃花科特有植物达93种及变种,占该地区杜鹃花科总种数和变种数187种的49%强,其中有中国特有种38种及变种,云南特有种5种,高黎贡山地区特有种50种及变种。本文分别对不同类别的杜鹃花科特有种及其分布进行讨论。     

贵州特有植物贵州槭的种群结构及动态研究

贵州槭(Acer guizhouense)属常绿阔叶乔木,仅分布于贵州省黄平县新州镇海拔770~1 000 m有山峰屏障的常绿阔叶落叶混交林中,颇具科研和经济价值,研究其种群结构特征和数量动态变化对于探索特有植物保护生物学具有重要意义。该研究对贵州槭疑似分布区开展普查,并在密集分布区设置样地进行详查,分析其种群结构与数量动态的变化规律。结果表明:(1)贵州槭的自然分布区极为狭窄,雷坪分布区约0.3 km~2,总计约2 600株,其中密集分布区0.03 km~2,平均种群密度78 800株/km~2,稀疏分布区0.27 km~2,平均种群密度≤1 500株/km~2;在东坡村飞云崖风景区有约0.05 km~2的稀疏分布,且在雷坪至东坡两分布区之间没有发现自然分布;采用SAFE指数和IUCN的标准评价,贵州槭属于濒危物种(EN)。(2)贵州槭幼树占种群的比重达63.23%,种群密度大小为幼树中龄树成年树,种群结构为增长型;种群死亡率曲线和消失率曲线分别在Ⅰ龄期和Ⅸ龄期出现2个高峰,在Ⅲ-Ⅷ龄期间和Ⅹ-Ⅺ龄期间出现2个低谷,种群存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅲ型特征;(3)人为采伐和生境遭破坏造成的植株死亡或者丧失增加是导致贵州槭种群数量稀少的主要原因,在加强就地保护的同时,开展人工育苗迁地应用栽培是现实而有效的合理保护措施。     

广西特有植物的研究(续完)

二、广西特有植物区系的特征和地理分布 (一)广西特有植物的科、属、种构成 就迄今我们收集到的资料,广西有维管束植物7217种(包括种下等级),隶属于288科,1778属。其中特有属10个,它们是:辛木属(Sinia,含1种,金莲木科),异裂菊属(Heteroplexis,含3种,菊科),和属于苦苣苔科的单卒苣苔属(Metebriggsia,含2种),圆果苣苔属(Gyrogyne,含1种),瑶山苣苔属(Dayaoshania,含1种),密叶苣苔属(Buxiphyllum,1种),异片苣苔属(Allostigma,含1种),裂檐苣苔属     

中国野生杜鹃花属植物名录与地理分布数据集

杜鹃花属(Rhododendron)植物分布广泛, 生存环境多样, 类群结构复杂, 深入分析其地理分布格局与特征, 可为种质资源保育和利用等提供依据。本文基于大量基础数据及文献资料, 更新了中国陆域分布的野生杜鹃花属植物物种名录, 统计了其物种多样性、组成成分等信息, 建立了中国野生杜鹃花属植物地理分布数据库, 旨在为种质资源调查及引种应用研究提供参考。截至2021年7月, 共记载7亚属720种(包括114变种、45亚种和2变型), 其中中国特有种450种。除宁夏和新疆干旱荒漠地带外, 中国其他各省区均有野生杜鹃花属分布, 其中云南省分布393种, 是省级尺度物种丰富度及特有性最高的区域; 其次为四川省(278种)及西藏自治区(271种)。县级尺度贡山独龙族怒族自治县与察隅县以134种并列物种丰富度第一, 其次是德钦县128种。     

新疆植物特有种及其分布

以新疆植物的研究成果为基础,对国内外相关资料进行了全面收集和整理,已初步查明,新疆特有植物共计38科118属268种。研究植物的特有现象,可为深入了解新疆植物区系的性质、特点、起源及演变规律提供资料。     

江西桂娟花属一新种

伏毛杜鹃　新种　图 1ＲｈｏｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｓｔｒｉｇｏｓｕｍＲ .Ｌ .Ｌｉｕ ,ｓｐ .ｎｏｖ .Ｆｉｇ .1ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓｎｏｖａａｆｆｉｎｉｓＲｈ .ｔｅｎｕｉｌａｍｉｎａｒｉＴａｍ ,ｑｕｏｄｄｉｆｆｅｒｔｌｏｂｉｓｃａｌｙｃｉｎｕｍｔｒｕｎｃａｔｉｓ,ｄｅｎｓｅａｄ ｐｒｅｓｓｅａｒｇｅｎｔｅｏ ｓｔｒｉｇｏｓｉｓ,ｃｏｒｏｌｌａｅｘｔｕｓｓｐａｒｓｅｐｕｂｅｒｕｌａ ,ｓｔａｍｉｎｉｂｕｓ 7,ｓｔｙｌｉｓｖｉｌｌｏｓｏ ｓｔｒｉｇｏｓｉｓ;ｅｔｉａｍａｆｆｉｎｉｓＲｈ .ｐｕｌｃｈｒｏＳｗｅｅｔ,ｑｕｏｄｄｉ…     

Invasibility and species richness of island endemic arthropods: a general model of endemic vs. exotic species

Aim This paper has two objectives. First, we examine how a variety of biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors influence the endemic and introduced arthropod richness on an oceanic island. Second, we look at the relationship between the endemic and introduced arthropod richness, to ask whether areas with high levels of endemic species richness deter invasions. Location The work was carried out on a young volcanic island, Terceira, in the Azores. Methods We used standard techniques to collect data on arthropod species richness. Environmental data were obtained from the CIELO climatic model and using GIS. The explanatory value of environmental variables on a small‐scale gradient of endemic and exotic arthropod species richness was examined with generalized linear models (GLMs). In addition, the impact of both endemic and exotic species richness in the communities was assessed by entering them after the environmental variable(s) to see if they contributed significantly to the final model (the hierarchical method). Results Abiotic (climatic and geomorphological) variables gave a better explanation of the variation in endemic species richness, whereas anthropogenic variables explained most of the variation in introduced species richness. Furthermore, after accounting for all environmental variables, part of the unexplained variance in the endemic species richness is explained by the introduced species richness and vice‐versa. That is, areas with high levels of endemic species richness had many introduced species. There is evidence of a somewhat inverse spatial distribution between a group of oceanic‐type, forest‐dwelling, endemic, relict arthropods and a group of more generalist endemic arthropods that are able to survive in disturbed marginal sites particularly rich in non‐indigenous species. Main conclusions Richness of endemic species is mainly driven by abiotic factors such as a climatic axis (oceanic‐type localities with lower temperatures and summer precipitations) and a binary variable CALD (location of sites in caldeiras or ravines), whereas richness of introduced species depends on disturbance related factors. However, after factoring out these major influences, there is a correlation between endemic and introduced richness, suggesting that – independent of the environmental and geographical factors that affect the distribution of endemic or introduced species – the richest endemic assemblages are more prone to invasion, due probably to a facilitation process. Inconclusive evidence suggests that non‐indigenous species are limited to those sites under anthropogenic influence located mainly near forest edges, but the rate of expansion of those species to high‐altitude, core pristine sites has still to be tested.     

Genetic variation and structure in six Rhododendron species (Ericaceae) with contrasting local distribution patterns in Hong Kong, China

Genetic variability of six rhododendrons with contrasting local distribution patterns in Hong Kong was assessed by starch gel electrophoresis. Rhododendron championiae, R. hongkongense and R. simiarum are locally rare with disjunct distributions, R. moulmainense is restricted and R. farrerae and R. simsii are common. For each species, 13-18 allozyme loci representing 12-16 enzyme systems were scored. The six species showed similar levels of genetic variations (HT ranged from 0.209 to 0.386 and AT ranged from 2.4 to 4.1) which are high compared to plants with similar life history traits. Genetic structure, in contrast, varied greatly between species, with FST ranging from 0.056 to 0.393. The three rarest species had high genetic differentiation (FST and FPT) and distinct geographical patterns, while the other three had low differentiation and little or no geographical structure. These differences are attributed to both present distributions and historical changes following deforestation within the last 1000 years. The conservation implications of these results are discussed.     

海南特有种东方琼楠种群结构特征

为探讨海南特有种东方琼楠(Beilschmiedia tungfangensis)种群结构特征,在海南尖峰岭林区设置20.4hm2样地,从种群径级结构、静态生命表、存活曲线、空间分布格局等方面进行分析。结果表明:1)东方琼楠种群径级分布呈倒"J"型,为增长型种群;2)在第Ⅲ级(DBH:10～15cm)时生命期望值最高,向大龄级和小龄级呈递减趋势;3)存活曲线接近DeeveyⅢ型,呈凹型;死亡率曲线和消失率曲线呈"V"型;4)不同分析方法均表明该种群呈聚集分布,且聚群强度较大;5)聚块性指数随径级呈"正余弦"变化。     

河南省特有种植物区系地理研究

首次对河南省特有种及其区系地理和生态学特点进行了研究。结果显示:(1)河南特有植物有42种,隶属于37属,25科;(2)草本植物占64%,与河南维管植物区系的草本比例基本相同,其中多数为多年生草本,特有种绝大多数为陆生中生植物;(3)根据它们的分布特点,特有种可分为6个分布型,其中属于豫西山地分布型的种类最多,占总种数的60%;(4)这些特有种集中分布于豫西、豫南、豫西北山地和豫中黄河两岸四个地区,种类最多的是豫西山地。     

广西银竹老山资源冷杉种群退化机制初探

资源冷杉是我国特有的珍稀濒危植物,局限分布在广西资源的银竹老山和湖南新宁的舜皇山。对银竹老山资源冷杉种群衰退状况的研究结果表明,导致资源冷杉种群退化的首要因素是发生频率高、影响范围广、持续时间长的人为砍伐破坏其所依存的森林环境以及其分布地的集中放牧,其次是它自身生物学特性的限制,也造成在自然状态下出现其种群数量不易扩大的局面。要实现资源冷杉种群的保护,解除其濒危状态,以免绝灭,必须立刻停止人为干扰,并进一步加强对它繁育系统的研究。