尘螨变应原Derf1核酸序列测定及其分子进化分析

目的:对尘螨主要变应原Der f1进行核酸序列测定,探讨其系统进化信息。方法:根据Genbank公布的Der f1基因序列设计引物,巢式PCR扩增Der f1的cDNA,纯化、回收、克隆至pMD19-T simple后进行序列测定,序列比对后用Clustal W 1.83构建分子进化树。结果:成功扩增出Der f1的cDNA片段,测序表明该基因含ORF1个,长度966bp,与参考序列同源性达99.9%。该变应原具半胱氨酸蛋白酶活性,与果蝇进化关系最远,与梅氏嗜霉螨进化关系最近。结论:成功获得了尘螨变应原Der f1基因片段,根据其编码的氨基酸序列构建出的系统进化树与形态学分类不一致。     

尘螨变应原Derf1真核表达载体的构建及转染CHO细胞

目的：构建尘螨变应原Der f1真核表达载体,转染真核细胞并进行蛋白表达。方法：根据Genebank中Der f1基因的核酸序列（AB034946）,设计引物,采用PCR法,从保存的JM109工程菌中扩增Der f1编码基因,克隆到真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/myc-his A上,以脂质体法转染CHO细胞,经G418筛选,进行稳定表达细胞株的筛选和鉴定。结果：将目的基因Der f1成功连接到pcDNA3.1/myc-hisA-Derf1并转染CHO细胞,获得稳定表达的CHO细胞株。结论：成功构建了尘螨变应原Der f1真核表达载体,并转染CHO细胞表达蛋白质。     

尘螨变应原Der f1全序列的原核表达及生物信息学分析

目的 构建尘螨变应原Der f1原核表达体系,并了解其分子特征.方法 提取粉尘螨总RNA,用RT-PCR合成Der f1编码基因,将其克隆至pMD19-T载体,亚克隆至表达载体pET-28a( ),转化至大肠杆菌并用IPTG诱导表达.用生物信息学软件对测序结果进行分析并预测其空间结构.结果 从粉尘螨总RNA中扩增获得Der f1 cDNA片段,成功构建了表达质粒pET-28a( )-Der f1,Western blotting显示原核表达获得成功.测序结果提交GenBank,登陆号为EU095368,该基因长966 bp,与参考序列同源性达99.9%,推测其编码氨基酸321个,属疏水蛋白,位于细胞外,信号肽位于1～18氨基酸处.同源性分析提示Der f1和Eur m1相似率为88%,而Der f1和Der p1的相似率为77%,分子进化树中粉尘螨和梅氏嗜霉螨聚成一簇.Der f1的二级结构由α-螺旋(109 aa,33.96%)、延伸链(55 aa,17.13%)、β-转角(18 aa,5.61%) 和随机卷曲(139 aa,43.30%)组成.结论 尘螨变应原Der f1原核表达获得成功,为进一步生产重组变应原奠定了基础.生物信息学分析表明粉尘螨和梅氏嗜霉螨的亲缘关系可能更近,而与屋尘螨关系稍远,此与现行的形态学分类系统并不符合.     

尘螨变应原Der f1 真核表达载体的构建及转染CHO 细胞

目的:构建尘螨变应原Der f1真核表达载体,转染真核细胞并进行蛋白表达.方法:根据Genebank中Der f1基因的核酸序列(AB034946),设计引物,采用PCR法,从保存的JM109工程菌中扩增Der f1编码基因,克隆到真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/myc-hisA上,以脂质体法转染CHO细胞,经G418筛选,进行稳定表达细胞株的筛选和鉴定.结果:将目的基因Der f1成功连接到pcDNA3.1/myc-hisA-Derf1并转染CHO细胞,获得稳定表达的CHO细胞株.结论:成功构建了尘螨变应原Der f1真核表达载体,并转染CHO细胞表达蛋白质.     

尘螨变应原Der fl全序列的原核表达及生物信息学分析

目的 构建尘螨变应原Der fl原核表达体系,并了解其分子特征。方法 提取粉尘螨总RNA,用RT—PCR合成Der fl编码基因,将其克隆至pMD19-T载体,亚克隆至表达载体pET-28a（＋）,转化至大肠杆菌并刚IPTG诱导表达。用生物信息学软件对测序结果进行分析并预测其空间结构。结果从粉尘螨总RNA中扩增获得Der fl cDNA片段,成功构建了表达质粒pET-28a（＋）-Der fl,Western blotting显示原核表达获得成功。测序结果提交GenBank,臀陆号为EU095368,该基因长966bp,与参考序列同源性达99．9％,推测其编码氩基酸321个,属疏水蛋白,位于细胞外,信号肽位于1～18氨基酸处。同源性分析提示Der fl和Eur ml相似率为88％,而Der fl和Derpl的相似率为77％,分子进化树中粉尘螨和梅氏嗜霉螨聚成一簇。Derfl的二级结构由α-螺旋（109aa,33．96％）、延伸链（55aa,17．13％）、β-转角（18aa,5．61％）和随机卷曲（139aa,43．30％）组成：结论 尘螨变麻原Der fl原核表达获得成功,为进一步生产重组变麻原奠定了基础。生物信息学分析表明粉尘螨和梅氏嗜霉螨的亲缘关系可能更近,而与屋尘螨关系稍远,此与现行的形态学分类系统并不符合。     

深圳地区粉尘螨Ⅱ类变应原基因的多态性分析及其表达蛋白的变应原性鉴定

粉尘螨Ⅱ类变应原(Der fⅡ)是粉尘螨Dermatophagoides farinae主要变应原之一,可引发Ⅰ型变态反应。从深圳地区挑取活粉尘螨,经形态鉴定后纯培养,提取其总RNA,RT-PCR扩增出Der fⅡ 基因,克隆到pMD18-T载体后测序。通过计算机软件分析该基因的多态性。将该目的基因克隆到pET-His表达载体上得到重组质粒pET-Der fⅡ。工程菌经IPTG诱导培养,表达Der fⅡ目的蛋白,该蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在。重组Der fⅡ蛋白通过6His-tag蛋白纯化系统进行分离、纯化,并进行Western blot检测该重组蛋白与对粉尘螨过敏患者血清中IgE的反应性。结果表明,克隆的5株深圳地区的Der fⅡ 基因与GenBank公布的Der fⅡ(AB195580.1)核苷酸序列同源性为96.8%～99.3%,推导的氨基酸序列同源性为93.8%～98.6%。表达纯化的5种重组Der fⅡ蛋白经Western blot检测,表明都具有良好的变应原性。     

德国小蠊变应原Bla g 8的克隆表达及进化分析

通过5’-RACE获得德国小蠊变应原Bla g 8基因的全长cDNA序列,进行生物信息学分析,构建原核表达载体,诱导重组蛋白表达,建立系统进化树,为进一步研究奠定基础。通过5’-RACE技术,PCR扩增获取编码德国小蠊变应原Bla g 8蛋白的全长cDNA序列;采用生物信息学方法分析预测Bla g 8蛋白的信号肽、疏水性、跨膜区、二级结构、三级结构;建立系统进化树;构建原核表达载体pET32a-B8,IPTG诱导重组蛋白表达,并用His-tag抗体Western blotting验证。结果显示,获得编码德国小蠊变应原Bla g 8的全长cDNA序列,其完整阅读框含618个碱基,编码205个氨基酸。序列分析显示该蛋白,肌球蛋白轻链,具有EF手蛋白保守功能域。IPTG诱导获得重组蛋白。获得德国小蠊Bla g 8的完整cDNA序列,成功构建重组原核表达质粒pET32a-B8,并表达出融合蛋白。     

羊驼性别决定基因sry部分片段的克隆与序列分析

从成年羊驼血液提取基因组DNA,参照哺乳动物sry(sex-determining region on the Y chromosome)基因的同源保守区域设计特异性引物,用PCR技术成功扩增羊驼sry基因的部分片段,且全部实验雄性个体均成功扩增,而雌性个体则无任何特异性片段,说明所扩增基因片段具雄性特异性。对扩增序列所编码蛋白序列分析显示所扩增的片段编码的蛋白序列在哺乳动物sryHMG-box(high mobility group box)蛋白超家族的HMG-box区域,说明扩增的为sry基因片段。用所扩增片段与其他哺乳动物同源序列分析显示,由sry基因构建的系统进化树,与传统的动物分类关系相近,说明由sry基因的HMG-box构建系统树是分析物种亲缘关系的有效工具。     

Annexin Ⅱ基因克隆及真核表达载体的构建

目的克隆人AnnexinⅡ全长cDNA序列,并构建其真核表达载体。方法根据Genbank中AnnexinⅡ基因的碱基序列,利用RT-PCR的方法从人肾脏组织中扩增编码AnnexinⅡ基因,将目的片段与pBS-T载体连接,利用亚克隆的方法将AnnexinⅡ的cDNA片段克隆到pcDNA3.1载体中,并进行序列测定。结果DNA测序证实该片段序列与Genbank完全一致。结论成功克隆人Annexin II全长cDNA序列,并构建出pcDNA3.1—Annexin II真核表达载体,为进一步研究其在肾脏疾病中的作用和机制奠定基础。     

粉尘螨Ⅰ类变应原(Der fⅠ)的克隆表达、纯化及免疫学特性

粉尘螨Ⅰ类变应原(Der fⅠ)是粉尘螨Dermatophagoides farinae主要变应原,可引发Ⅰ 型变态反应。挑取纯培养的粉尘螨,提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法有效地扩增出Der fⅠ 片段,产物连接入T载体(pMD18)。经扩增后,用NdeⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切后将目的片段连接到pET24a表达载体上,得到重组质粒pET24a-Der fⅠ,工程菌经IPTG诱导培养,高效表达出Der fⅠ蛋白,该蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在。表达产物经亲和层析纯化,用Western blot及ELISA方法检测免疫学活性,结果表明目的蛋白具有良好的免疫原性。     

粉尘螨变应原第7组分全长基因序列测定与分析

目的：获得粉尘螨变应原第7组分编码基因并了解其分子特征。方法：根据GenBank已公布的Derf7核酸序列设计引物,用RT—PCR扩增获得其编码基因,插入pMD19-T载体进行序列测定和生物信息学分析。结果：获得Derf7全长基因约642bp,与参考序列（GenBankAY283292）同源性达99．7％％,仅在249位”A→G”和439位“C→T”发生点突变,含1个完整的开放读码框。推测编码蛋白由213个氨基酸组成,信号肽序列位于1-17aa,亲水性指数为0．031,跨膜区域位于171—190aa,二级结构由一螺旋（57．28％）、延伸主链（6．57％）和无规卷曲（36．15％）组成;亚细胞定位于细胞质,含有N-糖基化位点1个（151-154aa）,蛋白激酶c磷酸化位点1个（193-195aa）,酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点2个（155—158aaand173．176aa）。N端酰基化位点1个（97—102aa）。粉尘螨和屋尘螨变应原第7组分氨基酸序列相似度为86％,二者在螨类第7组分氨基酸序列构建出的分子进化树中聚成一簇。结论：获得了Derf7全长基因,为进一步获得其基因工程制品用于临床和实验研究奠定了基础。     

Cloning and expression of cDNA encoding the complete prepro-form of an isoform of Der f 1, the major group 1 allergen from house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae

cDNA clones encoding a major house dust mite allergen, Der f 1, were isolated from a Dermatophagoides farinae cDNA library by plaque immunoscreening using rabbit anti-Der f 1 serum. The sequences cover the complete open reading frame encoding the prepro-form. The sequence is different from previously reported cDNA of Der f 1 in six bases and the encoded amino acid sequence is different in two residues. Pro-forms of Der f 1 and its mutant, in which the N-glycosylation motif was disrupted, expressed in Pichia pastoris were converted to the mature forms by an in vitro activation process and they showed significant IgE-binding. The biologically active rDer f 1 molecules would be useful for diagnostic testing and allergen-specific immunotherapy. In contrast, Der f 1 directly expressed in Escherichia coli without the prosequence had very low IgE binding. The hypoallergenic Der f 1 polypeptide could be useful for safer and more effective immunotherapy.     

Sequence polymorphisms of Der f 1, Der p 1, Der f 2 and Der p 2 from Korean house dust mite isolates

Amino acid sequence variations have possible influences on the allergenicity of allergens and may be important factors in allergen standardization. This study was undertaken to investigate the sequence polymorphisms of group 1 and 2 allergens from Korean isolates of the house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus. cDNA sequences encoding group 1 and 2 allergens were amplified by RT-PCR and compared the deduced amino acid sequences. Der f 1.0101, which appeared in 64.0 % of the 50 sequences analyzed, was found to be predominant. Among the Der p 1 sequences, Der p 1.0102 and 1.0105 were predominant (58 %). Among the Der f 2 sequences, Der f 2.0102 (40.7 %) and a new variant with Gly at position 42 (27.8 %) were predominant. The deduced amino acid sequences of 60 Der p 2 clones were examined, and 28 variants with 1-5 amino acid substitutions were found. Interestingly, all of the Der p 2 sequences had Thr instead of Lys at position 49. Two variants (Leu40, Thr49, and Asn114 (26.6 %); Val40, Thr49, and Asn114 (20.0 %)) were found to be the most predominant forms of Der p 2. Der p 1 has a high rate of sporadic substitutions and the group 2 allergens show a more regular pattern with orderly associations of amino acid substitutions. Der f 1 and Der p 2 from Korean mite isolates have unique amino acid sequence polymorphisms. These findings provide important data for house dust mite allergen standardization.     

Cloning and expression of Der f 6, a serine protease allergen from the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae.

House dust mite allergen is thought to be a major cause of asthma. Characterization of these allergen molecules is therefore an important step for the development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic agents against mite-associated allergic disorders. Here we report molecular cloning and expression of the group 6 (chymotrypsin-like) allergen from the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae. Sequencing analysis indicates that cloned cDNA, designated Der f 6, encodes a 279 amino acid polypeptide which conserves a primary structure characteristic for chymotrypsin-like serine proteases found in mammals. Recombinant Der f 6 expressed in Escherichia coli bound IgE in a pool made of 20 sera, and induced histamine release from patients' peripheral blood cells.     

Monoclonal antibodies to recombinant Der p 2, a major house dust mite allergen: specificity, epitope analysis and development of two-site capture ELISA.

House dust mite allergens have been well established as sensitizing agents that are important in the induction of allergic diseases. In order to analyze epitopes of the allergen and to develop a quantitative method of the allergen exposure, monoclonal antibodies against a recombinant Der p 2 (rDer p 2), one of the major allergens of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, were produced. Four monoclonal antibodies produced were species-specific and did not cross-react to the D. farinae crude extract. Two of the monoclonal antibodies were found to be IgG1 and the others were IgM. For the analysis of epitopes, a Der p 2 cDNA encoding 126 amino acids (aa) was dissected into three fragments with several overlapping peptides. A (aa residues 1-49), B (44-93), and C fragment (84-126). Three monoclonal antibodies showed reactivities to the recombinant B fragment and to the full-length rDer p 2, but one monoclonal antibody reacted only with the full-length rDer p 2. Two-site capture ELISA was developed using two different monoclonal antibodies for quantitating Der p 2 in house dust. The sensitivity limit was 4 ng/ml with rDer p 2 and 8 micrograms/ml with the D. pteronyssinus crude extract. The result suggested that the assay using monoclonal antibodies against rDer p 2 could be useful for the environmental studies and for the standardization of mite allergen extracts.     

Molecular cloning, expression, sequence analyses of dust mite allergen Der f 6 and its IgE-binding reactivity with mite allergic asthma patients in southeast China

We report the cloning and molecular characterization of a full-length cDNA encoding house dust mite allergen, Der f 6 from D. farinae isolated in China. The full-length Der f 6 cDNA was obtained with 840 nucleotides long. Nucleotide sequencing analyses showed a total of 36 mutations in five Der f 6 cDNA clones, corresponding to 23 incompatible amino acid residues. Recombinant Der f 6 (rDer f 6) protein was successfully expressed in and purified from E. coli BL21. Among 20 asthmatic patients, 45% was positive to rDer f 6 by ELISA. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the mature Der f 6 was a hydrophobic and extracellular protein with chymotrypsin-like serine protease activity, its secondary structure was composed of alpha helix (7.69%), extended strand (34.62%), random coils (57.69%), and the similarity of Der f 6 to Blo t 6, Sui m 6, Der f 3 and Der f 9 was 64, 65, 35, and 38%, respectively.     

Chaperone-like activity and surface hydrophobicity of 70S ribosome

Allergen from the house dust mite (Dermatophagoides sp.) is a major trigger factor of allergic disorders, and its characterization is crucial for the development of specific diagnosis or immunotherapy. Here we report the identification of a novel dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) antigen whose primary structure belongs to the gelsolin family, a group of actin cytoskeleton-regulatory proteins. Isolated mite cDNA, termed Der f 16, encodes 480 amino acids comprising a four-repeated gelsolin-like segmental structure, which is not seen in conventional gelsolin family members. Enzyme immunoassay indicated that recombinant Der f 16 protein, prepared using an Escherichia coli expression system, bound IgE from mite-allergic patients at 47% (8/17) frequency. This is the first evidence that the gelsolin family represents a new class of allergen recognizable by atopic patient IgE.     

Specific measurement of a major mite allergen, Der f II, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system using monoclonal anti-Der f II antibodies.

An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay system using a monoclonal antibody, 15E11, specific for a major allergen Der f II in house dust mite, was developed. This system detected only Der f II in the presence of Der p II and other allergens. The Der f II contents in several house dust samples significantly correlated with the numbers of the mites in the same house dust samples (n = 14, r = 0.88, p < 0.001). These data showed that this system was useful for specific measurement of Der f II in house dusts.     

Population growth and allergen accumulation of Dermatophagoides farinae cultured at 20 and 25 °C

House dust mites are cultured to obtain mite allergen material to produce allergen extracts (vaccines) for diagnostic tests, immunotherapy, and research purposes. Research laboratories and manufacturers have their own culturing protocols to grow these mites and these may vary between manufacturers and between research laboratories. The temperature at which mites are cultured may influence the allergen composition, allergen ratio of Der 1: Der 2 and endotoxin levels in the extracts produced from these cultured mites. In order to produce standardized and uniform extracts, across the industry and in various research laboratories, the influence of culture conditions must be understood. Here we determined how temperature affects mite population growth rates, dynamics of allergen production, Der f 1: Der f 2 ratio and endotoxin levels in extracts made from Dermatophagoides farinae mites cultured at 20 and 25 °C. We found that Der f 1 and Der f 2 accumulated exponentially in the cultures with Der f 1 accumulating faster than Der f 2. When the live mite populations peaked, the ratios for Der f 1: Der f 2 were 4.1 and 4.7 for cultures reared at 20 and 25 °C, respectively. Most of the Der f 1 and Der f 2 allergen in whole cultures is not in mite bodies and is lost when the mite material is washed. Thus, if the ratio of Der f 1 and Der f 2 is an important consideration for commercial and research extracts, then the temperature at which the mites are cultured and the collection procedure are important considerations.