组织纤溶酶原激活剂突变体乳腺表达载体构建及在转基因鼠中表达的研究

通过PCR方法从羊肝总DNA中获得了羊β-乳球蛋白(BLG)基因第一和第二内含子,以羊β-乳球蛋白基因(BLG)5′区5kb为调控序列,构建了乳腺表达组织纤溶酶原激活剂突变体(La-tPA)载体。对540枚小鼠受精卵进行显微注射,经PCR和Southern blot检测,获得6只整合有人La-tPA的转基因小鼠,整合率为32%。同时研究了转基因在小鼠体内的表达。Northern blot分析表明,在一些转基因鼠乳腺中表达出La-tPA。在基因鼠乳汁中检测出La-tPA的表达达6μg/mL。这为未来利用转基因动物生产La-tPA提供依据。     

牛β-乳球蛋白基因调控序列指导组织型纤溶酶原激活剂在小鼠乳腺中的表达

用全长8.4kb的牛β-乳球蛋白基因(BLG)作为调控序列,用1.6kb的鸡溶菌酶MAR序列作为对抗转基因中位点效应的工具,构建了组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tPA)乳腺表达载体。对2300枚卵进行显微注射,经PCR和Southern\|Blot检测,在170只出生小鼠中获得9只整合有牛BLG-tPA融合基因的转基因小鼠,并在转基因小鼠乳汁中检测到tPA的活性,tPA的表达水平最高达到12μg/mL。整合在小鼠基因组中的牛BLGtPA融合基因能稳定地遗传给子代。     

由成年转基因山羊体细胞而来的克隆山羊

在已经获得的乳腺特异性表达人促红细胞生成素 (rhEPO)成年转基因山羊 (Caprahircus)的基础上 ,取其耳尖成纤维细胞和卵巢颗粒细胞 ,进行体外传代培养 ,然后将这种培养的转基因山羊的体细胞移入去核的处于第Ⅱ次减数分裂中期的卵母细胞中 ,并进行电融合 ,构建重构胚胎 ,重构胚胎在体内培养 6d ,再将发育至囊胚或桑椹胚的重构胚胎移入同步情期的寄母羊子宫内。结果 ,有 2只寄母羊妊娠并最终产下 2只成活的克隆山羊。她们分别来自同一成年母羊的耳尖成纤维细胞和卵巢颗粒细胞。克隆羊经PCR RFLP图谱分析显示 :以克隆羊组织DNA为模板的PCR产物与相应的提供体细胞的基因羊的PCR产物的酶切图谱完全一致 ;并且经PCR对外源hEPO基因检测表明 2只克隆山羊均携带hEPO外源基因。由此证明获得了转基因成年体细胞的克隆山羊     

牛BLG基因5＇调控成分的克隆和制备乳腺生物反应器研究

用PCR法克隆了牛β-乳球蛋白(BLG)基因的 1个片段,它包括 650 bp的 5’侧翼序列,第一二外显子和第一内含子.以该片段中的 650 bP的侧翼序列及转录起始位点下游 11 bP的非编码区(共 661 bP)作为调控序列,与人生长激素(hGH)基因构建成了表达载体,在培养的原代山羊乳腺上皮细胞中进行暂时表达,结果在激素诱导下, hGH基因能够表达,并且表达产物的绝大部分分泌到培养基中.将上述表达载体中的BLG/hGH融合基因部分经显微注射法制得5只转基因阳性小鼠,其中1只小鼠乳清中hGH的含量为420 μg/mL而血清中仅为0.051μg/mL,说明本实验克隆的牛BLG基因5’调控序列可以控制目的基因在转基因动物中表达,基本上具有乳腺特异性,而且产物能分泌至乳汁中.     

牛α-S1-酪蛋白-乙肝病毒表面抗原融合基因在转基因羊中的表达

利用DNA重组技术．将牛α-S1酪蛋白调控区基因(16kh的片段)与乙肝表面抗原基因拼接,构建了融合基因表达构件：λ106。构件经转基因技术转入山羊受精卵。待受精卵发育至成熟个体并分娩、泌乳,ELISA检测其乳汁中的HBsAg,证明所构建的牛α-S1酪蛋白基因表达构件是可以在羊乳腺中表达乙肝表面抗原基因,并将其表达产物分泌到乳汁中。     

牛α—S1—酪蛋白—乙肝病毒表面抗原融合基因在转基因羊中的表达

利用ＤＮＡ重组技术,将牛α－Ｓ１酪蛋白调控区基因（１６ｋｂ的片段）与乙肝表面抗原基因拼接,构建了融合基因表达构件：λ１０６。构件经转基因技术转入山羊受精卵。待受精卵发育至成熟个体并分娩、泌乳,ＥＬＩＳＡ检测其乳汁中的ＨＢｓＡｇ,证明所构建的牛α－Ｓ１酪蛋白基因表达构件是可以在羊乳腺中表达乙肝表面抗原基因,并将其表达产物分泌到乳汁中。     

牛β-乳球蛋白基因调控序列指导组织型纤溶酶原激活剂在小鼠乳腺中的表达

用全长8.4kb的牛β－乳球蛋白基因（BLG）作为调控序列,用1.6kb的鸡溶菌酶MAR序列作为对抗转基因中位点效应的工龄,构建了组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（tPA）乳腺表达载体。对2300枚卵进行显微注射,以PCR和Southern-Blot检测,在170只出生小鼠中获得9只整合有牛BLG－tPA融合基因的转基因小鼠,并在转基因小鼠乳汗中检测到tPA r itd ntg ,tPA的表达水平最高达到12μg/mL。整合的小鼠基因组中的牛BLG－tPA融合基因能稳定地遗传给子代。     

重组人SOD1/3转基因山羊的制备及表达产物的检测

设计了以hSOD1、hSOD3为编码序列,以山羊β-酪蛋白/CMV杂合启动增强子构建乳腺特异性表达载体rhSOD1、rhSOD3,共转染母山羊胎儿成纤维细胞,采用PCR和扩增产物序列分析筛选获得SOD1/3克隆细胞株,应用体细胞核移植(SCNT)制备双转基因山羊。出生小羊经PCR和扩增产物序列分析验证是否成功整合外源基因,经Western blotting、ELISA及体外活性检来验证分析表达产物。结果表明:获得SOD1/3转基因山羊胎儿成纤维细胞系6株;原代双转基因体克隆山羊1只(♀);从该转基因羊乳汁中检测到rhSOD1、rhSOD3,浓度分别为:88.81±8.36 mg/L和267.82±12.67 mg/L;转基因羊乳汁中重组人SOD酶活性为1 432±157 U/mL。研究表明,以双载体和单标记基因转染山羊胎儿成纤维细胞可获得双基因整合转基因细胞系,并且以SOD1与SOD3功能基因均可在山羊乳腺中共同表达,表达产物具有较好的生物学活性。     

奶山羊β-乳球蛋白基因5'、3'调控区的克隆和序列分析

目的:克隆奶山羊β-乳球蛋白(BLG)基因5'、3'调控区,并对其进行序列分析.方法:从徐淮奶山羊组织中提取基因组DNA,采用高保真长模板PCR法克隆得到奶山羊BLG基因4.2 kb的5'调控区和1.8 kb的3'调控区;将纯化后的PCR产物克隆到pGEM-T Easy载体中,经酶切鉴定和序列测定验证克隆的正确性.结果:部分序列分析表明,奶山羊BLG基因5'区与GenBank中登录的山羊和绵羊BLG基因5'区的同源性分别为100%和95%,3'区的同源性分别为99%和93%;克隆得到的奶山羊BLG基因调控区与山羊BLG伪基因显著不同,二者5'区和3'区的同源性分别为83%和88%.结论:克隆得到的奶山羊BLG基因调控区可用于构建乳腺特异性表达载体,用于外源基因在转基因动物乳腺中的高效表达.     

奶山羊β-乳球蛋白基因5＇、3＇调控区的克隆和序列分析

目的：克隆奶山羊β-乳球蛋白（BLG）基因5＇、3＇调控区,并对其进行序列分析。方法：从徐淮奶山羊组织中提取基因组DNA,采用高保真长模板PCR法克隆得到奶山羊BLG基因4.2kb的5＇调控区和1.8kb的3′调控区;将纯化后的PCR产物克隆到pGEM-TEasy载体中,经酶切鉴定和序列测定验证克隆的正确性。结果：部分序列分析表明,奶山羊BLG基因5＇区与GenBank中登录的山羊和绵羊BLG基因5＇区的同源性分别为100%和95%,3＇区的同源性分别为99%和93%;克隆得到的奶山羊BLG基因调控区与山羊BLG伪基因显著不同,二者5＇区和3＇区的同源性分别为83%和88%。结论：克隆得到的奶山羊BLG基因调控区可用于构建乳腺特异性表达载体,用于外源基因在转基因动物乳腺中的高效表达。     

RT-PCR测定组织纤溶酶原激活剂突变体(La-tPA)在转基因鼠乳腺表达的研究

利用所构建的乳腺表达组织纤溶酶原激活剂突变体（Ｌａ－ｔＰＡ）载体．对５４０枚小鼠受精卵进行显微注射,经ＰＣＰ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ检测,获得６只整合有人Ｌａ－ｔＰＡ转基因小鼠．为了精确研究转基因在小鼠体内的表达,采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＰ方法测定转基因鼠在泌乳期１～２０ｄＬａ－ｔＰＡ基因的转录,结果表明,在转基因鼠乳腺的Ｌａ－ｔＰＡｍＲＮＡ水平在１０～１５ｄ最高,在２０ｄ时降为最低．外源基因在转基因小鼠乳腺的表达规律研究为未来利用转基因动物生产Ｌａ－ｔＰＡ提供依据     

Establishment of La-tPA/G-CSF dual transgenic mice and expression in their mammary gland

Expression vectors of human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSG) and long acting tissue plasminogen activator (La-tPA) in mammary gland were constructed using promoters of mouse whey acid protein gene (WAP) and sheep β-lactoglobulin gene (BLG) with sizes of 2.6 and 5 kb respectively. Two kinds of transgenic mice of G-CSF and La-tPA were produced with microinjection. The expression of G-CSF and La-tPA was achieved in mammary glands of transgenic mice, respectively. In order to establish dual transgenic mice of La-tPA/G-CSF, transgenic mice carrying G-CSF and La-tPA gene characterized with specific expression in mammary gland were mated. La-tPA/G-CSF dual transgenic mice were screened out from the hybrid offspring by Once-PCR. The co-expression of La-tPA and G-CSF in mammary gland of the dual transgenic mice was confirmed by the milk assayed and Northern blot analysis. Some parameters about the dual transgenic mice indicated that there were fewer litters than that of normal mice. The ratio of du     

Establishment of La-tPA/G-CSF dual transgenic mice and expression in their mammary gland

Expression vectors of human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSG) and long acting tissue plasminogen activator (La-tPA) in mammary gland were constructed using promoters of mouse whey acid protein gene (WAP) and sheep β-lactoglobulin gene (BLG) with sizes of 2.6 and 5 kb respectively. Two kinds of transgenic mice of G-CSF and La-tPA were produced with microinjection. The expression of G-CSF and La-tPA was achieved in mammary glands of transgenic mice, respectively. In order to establish dual transgenic mice of La-tPA /G-CSF, transgenic mice carrying G-CSF and La-tPA gene characterized with specific expression in mammary gland were mated. La-tPA/G-CSF dual transgenic mice were screened out from the hybrid offspring by Once-PCR. The co-expression of La-tPA and G-CSF in mammary gland of the dual transgenic mice was confirmed by the milk assayed and Northern blot analysis. Some parameters about the dual transgenic mice indicated that there were fewer litters than that of normal mice. The ratio of dual transgenes was 46.1% in F1 generation, and offspring’s sex ratio was normal. Hence a dual transgenic mouse model was established for the study of co-expression foreign proteins in mammary gland.     

Increased milk yield in transgenic mice expressing insulin-like growth factor 1

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) mediates many of the actions of growth hormone. Overexpression of IGF-1 was reported to have endocrine and paracrine/autocrine effects on somatic growth in transgenic mice. To study the paracrine/autocrine effects of IGF-1 in mammary gland, transgenic mice were produced by pronuclear microinjection of a construct containing a bovine alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) promoter linked to an ovine IGF-1 cNDA. This alpha-LA promoter has previously been shown to direct expression of a human factor VIII gene specifically to the mammary gland of transgenic mice. Three transgenic mouse lines were established as a result of microinjection of 398 embryos. Transgene expression was found in mammary gland at day 1 of lactation from these three lines. Progeny test were carried out by mating two transgenic males/one transgenic female to two nontransgenic females/one nontransgenic male. Mice from one line (line 1225) were all nonexpressors and the other (line 1372) failed to produce offspring. Milk yield was analyzed in the line 1137 that produced 10 mice, of which three were transgenic females and three nontransgenic females. All of the three transgenic females showed integration of the transgene and expressed transgene IGF-1 mRNA in the mammary gland. Milk yields from days 5, 10, and 15 of lactation were significant greater in transgenic expressors than in their nontransgenic littermates. Specifically, there is 17.9% increase in total milk yield from these three days for transgenics compared with nontransgenics. These results demonstrate that local overexpression of IGF-1 in transgenic mice is capable to stimulating milk yield during the first lactation.     

牛乳铁蛋白肽转基因小鼠的构建

目的:探讨牛乳铁蛋白肽在转基因鼠乳汁中的表达及其抑菌活性。方法:将实验室构建并保存的包含山羊β-酪蛋白基因启动子和牛乳铁蛋白肽基因的乳腺特异表达载体PI-bcp-LfcinB,用Xho I和Nru I双酶切,得到含有全部表达盒的显微注射DNA片段,采用常规显微注射技术获得转基因小鼠。并通过对泌乳期转基因雌鼠乳腺组织的RT-PCR检测,确定了牛乳铁蛋白肽在mRNA水平的表达,同时利用琼脂板扩散法检测了转基因鼠乳汁中表达产物的抑菌活性。结果:获得了牛乳铁蛋白肽转基因小鼠,且转基因小鼠乳汁中能够表达具有抑菌活性的牛乳铁蛋白肽。结论:通过转基因动物乳腺可以获得具有生物活性的牛乳铁蛋白肽,为进一步研究抗菌肽转基因牛、培育抗乳房炎奶牛新品种以及通过建立转基因动物生物反应器进行抗菌肽的大量生产奠定了基础。     

Increased Milk Yield in Transgenic Mice Expressing Insulin-like Growth Factor 1

Abstract

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) mediates many of the actions of growth hormone. Overexpression of IGF-1 was reported to have endocrine and paracrine/autocrine effects on somatic growth in transgenic mice. To study the paracrine/autocrine effects of IGF-1 in mammary gland, transgenic mice were produced by pronuclear microinjection of a construct containing a bovine α-lactalbumin (α-LA) promoter linked to an ovine IGF-1 cNDA. This α-LA promoter has previously been shown to direct expression of a human factor VIII gene specifically to the mammary gland of transgenic mice. Three transgenic mouse lines were established as a result of microinjection of 398 embryos. Transgene expression was found in mammary gland at day 1 of lactation from these three lines. Progeny test were carried out by mating two transgenic males/one transgenic female to two nontransgenic females/one nontransgenic male. Mice from one line (line 1225) were all nonexpressors and the other (line 1372) failed to produce offspring. Milk yield was analyzed in the line 1137 that produced 10 mice, of which three were transgenic females and three nontransgenic females. All of the three transgenic females showed integration of the transgene and expressed transgene IGF-1 mRNA in the mammary gland. Milk yields from days 5, 10, and 15 of lactation were significant greater in transgenic expressors than in their nontransgenic littermates. Specifically, there is 17.9% increase in total milk yield from these three days for transgenics compared with nontransgenics. These results demonstrate that local overexpression of IGF-1 in transgenic mice is capable to stimulating milk yield during the first lactation.     

Targeting the exogenous htPAm gene on goat somatic cell beta-casein locus for transgenic goat production

Combining gene targeting of animal somatic cells with nuclear transfer technique has provided a powerful method to produce transgenic animal mammary gland bioreactor. The objective of this study is to make an efficient and reproducible gene targeting in goat fetal fibroblasts by inserting the exogenous htPAm cDNA into the beta-casein locus with liposomes or electroporation so that htPAm protein might be produced in gene-targeted goat mammary gland. By gene-targeting technique, the exogenous htPAm gene was inserted to milk goat beta-casein gene sequences. Fetal fibroblasts were isolated from Day 35 fetuses of Guanzhong milk goats, and transfected with linear gene-targeting vector pGBC4htPAm using Lipefectamin-2000 and electoporation, respectively. Forty-eight gene-targeted cell colonies with homologous recombination were obtained, and three cell colonies were verified by DNA sequence analysis within the homologous recombination region. Using gene-targeted cell lines as donor cells for nuclear transfer, a total of 600 reconstructed embryos had been obtained, and 146 developed cloned embryos were transferred to 16 recipient goats, and finally three goats showed pregnancy at Day 90.     

Selection of in vitro produced, transgenic embryos by nested PCR for efficient production of transgenic goats

The production of valuable pharmaceutical proteins using transgenic animals as bioreactors has become one of the goals of biotechnology. However, the efficiency of producing transgenic animals by means of pronuclear microinjection is low. This may be attributed in part to the low integration rate of foreign DNA. Therefore, a large number of recipients are required to produce transgenic animals. We recently developed a transgenic procedure that combined the techniques of goat oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF), microinjection, preimplantation selection of the transgenic embryos with nested PCR and transferring the transgenic embryos into the recipient goat uterus to produce transgenic goats. Thirty-seven transgenic embryos determined by nested PCR were transferred to thirty-two recipient goats. In the end, four live-born kids were produced. As predicted, all the live kids were transgenic as identified by PCR as well as Southern blot hybridization, The integration rate was 100% (4/4) which was completely in accordance with the results of embryo preimplantation detection. The results showed a significant decrease in the number of recipients required as only 8 recipients (32/4) were needed to obtain one live transgenic goat. We suggest that the transgenic system described herein may provide an improved way to efficiently produce transgenic goats on a large scale.