云南地区恒河猴MHC部分基因频率及多态性的分析

目的不同种群恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）主要组织相容性复合体（major histocompatibility complex,MHC）基因的差异性,很大程度上影响了用其作为动物模型的实验研究结果的稳定性、可靠性和可重复性。清晰了解云南地区恒河猴种群免疫遗传学背景对于运用该种群开展各项研究非常重要。恒河猴基因Mamu（Macaca mulatta）-A＊01就被公认与猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）的感染与延缓病程相联系。Mamu-Ⅱ类等位基因Mamu-DRB1＊0306、0309有研究表明也与SIV感染后的病程发展有关。方法针对目前研究热点的Mamu-A＊01基因及Ⅱ类Mamu-DRB1＊0306、0309基因,采用序列特异性引物-聚合酶链式反应方法（PCR-SSP）,对云南地区的140只恒河猴（其中92只来源于云南景东野外自然繁殖群、48只来源于本灵长类中心自繁群）进行检测。并对阳性样本用部分测序结合单链构象多态性分析（SSCP）的方法加以验证。结果Mamu-A＊01检测结果为阴性。Mamu-DRB1＊0306、0309基因频率分别为32%及45%。结论初步显示云南地区恒河猴种群Mamu-A＊01基因可能缺失或基因频率很低,但存在Mamu-DRB1＊0306、0309基因。初步证明SSCP方法代替大规模测序是可行的,为云南地区恒河猴在AIDS研究中的应用提供了部分依据,一定程度上填补了该种群的遗传背景资料。     

恒河猴与食蟹猴微卫星DNA多态性的比较分析

目的分析恒河猴和食蟹猴群体间的遗传多样性,确立一种对恒河猴和食蟹猴种群个体的遗传鉴别方法。方法利用聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增技术采用15个多态性微卫星DNA位点对50只恒河猴和50只食蟹猴个体进行了DNA多态性的分析,对比两群体间等位基因数目差异。结果筛选的15个具有显著多态性的微卫星DNA位点对恒河猴和食蟹猴种群可以进行DNA多态性分析,其等位基因数目均在7个以上,且两群体间有11个位点的等位基因数存在一定的差异。结论利用这些多态性微卫星DNA位点建立一种有效鉴别恒河猴和食蟹猴种群遗传背景的方法具有一定的可行性。     

云南地区恒河猴线粒体DNA控制区遗传多态性研究

目的从分子水平探讨云南地区恒河猴遗传多样性,为今后开展恒河猴遗传资源的保护及合理利用提供借鉴和背景资料。方法采用PCR直接测序法测定云南地区恒河猴96份样品的线粒体DNA控制区全序列,用Mege 4.0和DNA SP软件对变异位点数、简约信息位点数、单倍型、单倍型多样度、核苷酸多样度等遗传信息进行分析,基于邻接法（neighbor-joining,NJ）和最小进化法（minimum-evolution,ME）构建系统发生树。结果在96份样品中,共检测出了149个多态性位点,定义了46种单倍型,单倍型多样度（Hd）为0.968±0.007,核苷酸多样度（Pi）为0.020。结论云南地区恒河猴存在着较丰富的遗传多态性。     

恒河猴红细胞免疫功能的研究

本文应用花环法测定了健康恒河猴红细胞上C_(3b)受体和免疫复合物的数量。恒河猴红细胞上C_(3b)受体花环率的数量为12.83±1.95％,免疫复合物花环率为6.37±1.25％。研究结果表明恒河猴的红细胞,除了具有携氧、运输气体等功能外,还具有重要的免疫功能。     

主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)基因的研究概况

主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)因其在免疫方面的重要作用而倍受免疫学家重视．随着研究的不断深入,了解到MHC是一个高度多态的基因群,它广泛分布于各种脊椎动物体内．MHC除了具有免疫功能外,还在其它许多方面起作用．MHC基因的多态性是最受关注的特征,尤其是Ⅱ类基因．根据MHC基因的多态性,可以在遗传、进化、行为、保护及生态等许多方面对其进行研究．就目前的研究情况,在结构、功能及应用等方面对MHC作了介绍．     

恒河猴静脉内皮细胞培养的研究

利用胶原酶对恒河猴血管内皮细胞进行消化,以9.92±3.34×10~3个细胞/cm~2的接种率接种于35mm培养皿中原代培养,体外培养7.7±1.82天,细胞增长了7.39±5.04倍,以1:6及1:2比例分别传第一代、第二代共历时13.89±1.36天细胞增长了147.93±88.68倍。对原代及传代细胞进行染色体及第Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫荧光检查,证实所培养的细胞为内皮细胞。通过检测培养上清中vWF和PGF1α的含量,原代、第一代与第二代之间均无明显差异(P>0.05)。     

Major histocompatibility complex class II polymorphisms in Macaca mulatta: factors influencing comprehensive genotyping of Macaca mulatta (Mamu)-DQA1 alleles by PCR-RFLP in archival samples.

In the last 5 years, HLA class II genotyping methods have been adapted for genotyping of class II loci in rhesus macaques. Since previously published typing protocols were used on samples that were collected and stored under ideal conditions, it was of interest to determine if these methods were adequate for genotyping a large collection of archival samples from which DNA had been isolated and stored under various conditions. Established macaque DQA1 typing protocols were modified to optimize the typing procedure and enhance the ability to successfully genotype DNA from samples that were of poor quality and/or quantity. Long-term storage of whole-blood buffy coats or stored DNA extracted from whole-blood buffy coats did not affect typing success; however, amplification and typing of DNA extracted from archival samples of plasma were difficult and resulted in a low success rate. This suggests that amplification and DQA1-genotyping of archival samples is possible with a modified protocol, but is influenced by the age and source of the sample, and to a lesser extent, the method used to extract DNA from sample substrates.     

两栖动物MHC基因研究进展

MHC是高度多态的基因群,广泛分布于各种脊椎动物体内。由于MHC基因的多态性,使其在脊椎动物的免疫、遗传、进化、保护等许多方面的研究倍受关注。本文综述了两栖类MHC基因自研究以来国内外有关该基因的研究报道,包括其结构、功能以及在两栖类遗传进化、种群遗传学、免疫遗传学及抗病中的应用,并对研究前景进行了展望。     

Genetic variation in transferrin alleles of rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta

The rhesus macaque displays an extensive polymorphism at the transferrin locus. A principal components analysis describes the variance and covariance of alleles at the transferrin locus in eight widely dispersed sample populations. Using an eigenvectorial representation of the covariance matrix and systematically approximated geographical locations the distribution of populations and transferrin alleles is compared. Alleles with high variance prove to be the determining factor in the placement of populations in a "genetic map" and provide a means for interpreting the low congruence of genetics and geography found.     

Urinary cyclic AMP excretion is increased in Macaca fascicularis and Macaca mulatta compared to humans

Changes in parathyroid hormone and its second messenger cyclic AMP have been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Nonhuman primate models have been useful in the study of osteoporosis, but the physiology of mineral metabolism in certain species is different than in humans. We investigated parameters of mineral metabolism in 15 normal adult female cynomolgus and 14 normal adult female rhesus monkeys. In both species, urinary cyclic AMP was increased compared with humans, and the nephrogenous cyclic AMP in the cynomolgus monkeys was also elevated. Despite this, there was no evidence for hyperparathyroidism in either species as evaluated by serum or plasma phosphorus and midregion-specific and/or aminoterminal-specific immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. Given the increasing use of nonhuman primates in the study of osteoporosis, understanding basic changes in mineral metabolism is important before pathologic effects of bone loss can be understood.     

猕猴被毛氨基酸含量的初步研究

为建立实验猕猴被毛氨基酸含量的参考数据和对猕猴饲料氨基酸配比的筛选提供实验基础数据,挑选不同生活环境的猕猴共30只,即笼养猴10只、半自然圈养(猴园)猴10只、野外猴10只,用氨基酸自动分析仪测定其被毛氨基酸的含量.分析结果表明,按不同生活环境分组,猕猴被毛的脯氨酸、缬氨酸、氨和精氨酸以及胱氨酸的含量是人工饲养猴(包括笼养猴和猴园猴)低于野外猴(P<0.01),被毛赖氨酸、组氨酸和氨基酸总量含量是野外猴高于笼养猴(P<0.05)和猴园猴(P<0.01);按性别分组,只有雄性猴的被毛苏氨酸和组氨酸的含量高于雌性猴(JP<0.05),其余氨基酸均无差异(P>0.05).因此,影响猕猴被毛大部分氨基酸含量的因素不仅是食物相应氨基酸的含量,生活环境也有很大的影响;性别因素对猕猴被毛的大部分氨基酸的含量是没有影响的.     

太行山猕猴的食性

猕猴 (Ｍａｃａｃａｍｕｌａｔｔａ)是世界上地理和生态地位分布最广泛的非人灵长类。我国是唯一的地跨热带、亚热带、暖温带均有猕猴分布的国家。直到1987年 ,亚洲最北部的猴群在河北兴隆绝灭以后[12 ] ,自然分布于河南省与山西省交界处的太行山及中条山南段的猕猴就成为亚洲猕猴分布的最北界 ,位于Ｎ35°11'～ 35°17',Ｅ112°0 3'～ 112°33',地处暖温带。经 1981年以来的调查研究发现 ,太行山猕猴在形态、生理、生态等方面与其它地区的猕猴不同 ,是最具研究意义的种群[5] 。猕猴同其它动物一样 ,通过食物与其它动物 ,周围环境及人类物质…     

Brief report: Chromosomal analysis of perinatal death in Macaca mulatta and Macaca radiata

Peripheral blood samples from 53 macaque perinatal deaths at the California Primate Research Center (CPRC) were cultured to produce chromosomes for analysis. Karyotypes were constructed for 26 successful cultures and revealed no apparent chromosomal anomalies. A genetic screening program at primate breeding facilities is important for estimating the frequency of chromosomal anomalies in macaques and for understanding the contribution of chromosomal anomalies to reproductive loss and congenital malformations in macaques.