味精废水综合处理的研究

提出了利用味精废水培养苏云金芽孢杆菌进而生产Bt生物农药的新的味精废水处理方法.对苏云金芽孢杆菌在味精废水中培养的培养基优化和深层培养条件及深层培养过程各参数的变化规律等进行了较为系统的研究,提出了进行工业化试验的培养工艺.     

人工湿地对猪场废水有机物处理效果的研究

分别以香根草 (Vetiveriazizanioides)和风车草 (Cyperusalternifolius)为植被 ,按 1.0m× 0 .5m×0 .8m建立人工湿地 ,通过 4季测试 ,研究其对猪场废水有机物的净化功能及其随季节、进水浓度及水力停留时间变化的规律 .结果表明 ,4个季节香根草或风车草人工湿地对COD和BOD有较稳定的去除效果 ,两湿地抗有机负荷冲击能力强 .在春季 ,停留时间 1～ 2d ,COD和BOD去除率分别为 70 %和 80 %;在夏季 ,进水COD高达 10 0 0～ 140 0mg·L-1情况下 ,COD去除率接近 90 %;在秋季 ,停留时间 1～ 2d ,COD和BOD去除率分别为 5 0 %～ 6 0 %和 5 0 %;在冬季 ,进水COD达 10 0 3mg·L-1情况下 ,COD去除率在 70 %以上 .COD、BOD和SS的去除率在两湿地间没有显著差异 .人工湿地污染物 (Y)随水力停留时间 (t)延长的降解遵从指数方程规律Yt=Y0 ·e( -kt) .在相同停留时间时 ,随进水污染物浓度 (x)提高的出水污染物浓度 (y)的回归关系遵从直线方程规律 y =a+bx .     

经高浓度味精废水驯化的B.t菌株伴胞晶体特性及其活性成分研究

对3株能在味精废水中生长的苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株T.4,G.1,S-2.5进行了废水茄子瓶培养基培养,应用液体双相法分离晶体,通过SDS－PAGE电泳确定了它们的分子量为120KD,104KD,67－68KD,43－45KD,选取菌珠G．1经分离后的晶体通过DEAE－纤维素离子交换层析和Sephadex G-100凝胶排阻层析分离到两上峰,分子量分别为120KD,68KD,致死中浓度LC50分别为0．609,＞25。     

粘红酵母和酿酒酵母联合处理味精废水

为了解决味精废水中高NH4+浓度抑制油脂微生物的生长和油脂积累问题,采用粘红酵母和酿酒酵母联合处理味精废水的方法:首先利用酿酒酵母降解味精废水(MSG)中NH4+,然后将处理后的废水进一步发酵培养合成油脂。研究结果表明:用经酿酒酵母预处理过的味精废水作为粘红酵母的培养基发酵时,粘红酵母的生物量为33.3 g/L,油脂产率为18.16%,COD降解率为50.6%,NH4+的降解率为93.9%。比粘红酵母单独处理味精废水,NH4+的降解率提高了6.14倍,生物量、油脂产率和COD降解率分别提高了8.1%、30.06%和9.58%。     

酵母菌产麦角固醇发酵条件的研究

为了提高酵母菌麦角固醇的产量,采用摇瓶培养法,对筛选出的一株酵母菌YN2产麦角固醇发酵条件进行了研究。结果表明,酵母菌YN2产麦角固醇适宜的培养基配方为：酵母粉1％,牛肉膏2．5％,葡萄糖8％,K2HPO4 0．3％,MgSO4 0．15％,该菌株产麦角固醇最适培养条件为：培养温度28℃,起始pH6．5,发酵时间72h。在优化的实验条件下,麦角固醇含量可达2．2％,100ml发酵液中麦角固醇产量达25．30mg。     

采油废水模拟处理系统中酵母菌群落结构动态初步解析

本研究建立好氧活性污泥的模拟体系处理经过物化预处理的采油废水, 控制温度等条件接近实际运行体系的情况下, 考察系统COD去除率和污泥体系中酵母菌多样性变化。结果显示系统稳定后COD去除率在70%以上; 利用非培养的方法考察了污泥中酵母菌在系统启动和稳定后的多样性变化, 结果表明酵母菌在采油废水处理系统中有较高的多样性和稳定性; 原水中具有较高的酵母菌多样性, 并在系统稳定过程中呈现逐渐增加的趋势。表明酵母菌可以在活性污泥系统中稳定存在, 同时酵母菌等真核微生物在烃类污染物去除和环境治理上具有一定的研究和应用 价值。     

高产油脂酵母菌选育及摇瓶发酵条件的研究

经紫外线和ＥＭＳ复合诱变选育出一株高产油脂的优良酵母菌株,命名为Ｌｉｐｏｍｙｃｅｓ．Ｓｔａｒｋｅｙｉ　ＨＬ。通过摇瓶培养,对各项与菌体产油脂相关的因素作了单因子实验,确定了摇瓶发酵培养的最佳产油脂条件：碳源,废糖液１６５．７ｍｌ／Ｌ;氮源,硫酸铵１．０８ｇ／Ｌ;Ｃ／Ｎ：６１：１;培养温度为２８℃;接种量１０％;发酵时间９６ｈ; ｐＨ５．０。最后可得油脂产量 ５．９ｇ／Ｌ;菌体生物量 １１．０ｇ／Ｌ;油脂含量 ５３．６％。对菌体内油脂组成进行了气相色谱与质谱分析,结果如下：软脂酸３３．２％,棕     

有机负荷对AMBR 去除高浓度废水的影响

为更好提高厌氧迁移式反应器(AMBR)的处理效能,采用自制有效容积为40.5L的5格室AMBR,通过进水COD质量浓度和水力停留时间(HRT)的调控,探讨了反应器在逐渐升高容积负荷(VLR)及突然受到高负荷冲击时对高浓度废水去除效果的影响。结果表明：VLR在3~9 kg COD×(m3·d) -1之间,COD去除率可稳定在88%以上,VLR为3.5 kg COD×(m3·d) -1时最高,达到92%,VLR超过10 kg COD×(m3·d) -1时,COD去除率开始下降,VLR超过12 kg COD×(m3·d) -1时,有机负荷超出系统承受限度,COD去除率下降到了75%。当VLR从7.5 kg COD×(m3·d) -1突然提升到15 kg COD×(m3·d) -1时,前2 d COD去除率并无明显下降,保持在84%,但在第3 d 降低到了78%,在恢复冲击前有机负荷后第4 d,COD去除率恢复到冲击前水平。     

云南热泉酵母菌的初步调查研究

酵母菌是人类开发利用的第一种微生物,也是最有经济价值的微生物之一。但是,目前国内外对于能在37℃以上生长的耐热酵母菌(the-rmotolerant yeast)开发利用还比较少。       

固定化微生物技术在处理高浓度有机废水中的应用进展

本为首先概述了微生物固定化的主要特点和主要方法:吸附法、包埋法、包络法、交联法以及共价结合法;其次,介绍了目前固化微生物技术所采用载体选择的主要要求;最后,对当前固化微生物技术在高浓度有机废水中的应用进行了简单的说明,并对未来发展提出了展望。     

谷氨酸钠流化床吸附脱色的柱过程研究

以颗粒活性炭(GAC)为吸附剂,采用多柱串联流化床进行味精中和液脱色,对柱过程进行了模拟研究。测定了平衡数据、传质动力学及流体流动参数,建立了具有广泛适应性的,包括颗粒分级、粒度分布、内外扩散及两相返混的宽粒度液固流化床吸附过程模型。对所研究体系的模拟计算与实验结果符合较好。     

Effectiveness of Biosorption-Assisted Microfiltration Process for Treatment of Domestic Wastewater

The efficiency of a biosorbent prepared from Eichhornia crassipes roots (ECR) was explored for the treatment of domestic sewage water in combination with low-cost ceramic microfiltration membrane. Batch sorption studies were conducted as a function of biosorbent dose, initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading, and temperature. Sorption equilibrium data of varying initial COD values (116–800 mg/L) indicated high potential of ECR for COD removal. Using 0.25 g/L of biosorbent dose, the equilibrium adsorption capacity was obtained as 2480 mg/g at 20°C for an initial COD loading of 800 mg/L. Microfiltration study was performed using ceramic membrane made from composition of α-alumina and clay. The effect of operating parameters on filtration characteristics was observed in terms of permeate flux. Permeate samples were characterized in terms of various parameters both for the direct filtration, as well as biosorbent-assisted filtration. The filtration behavior of wastewater at varying transmembrane pressure was explained using various membrane fouling models. The results suggested that microfiltration of domestic wastewater with incorporation of biosorbent (0.25 g/L) was highly effective for removal of organic load (>90%), turbidity (>99%), and total suspended solids (TSS) (93–95%) and the treated water quality was suitable for reuse in various purposes, such as gardening, floor and car washing, etc.     

Treatment of Oil-containing Sewage Wastewater Using Immobilized Photosynthetic Bacteria

Summary Removal of cooking oil from the domestic wastewater was carried out by immobilized photosynthetic bacteria, Rhodobacter shaeroide S (S) and R. shaeroides NR-3 (NR-3). The microorganisms were immobilized in sodium alginate (2%) or agar (2%). We treated 50 g of cooking oil suspended in artificial sewage wastewater under anaerobic dark conditions in a 15 l acrylic vessel. Results show that after 6 days of batch treatment, 74.2, 58.2 and 15.8% of oil was removed with the alginate-immobilized S, NR-3, and control, respectively. Relatively larger accumulations of volatile fatty acids such as propionic and acetic acids were observed in the control experiment compared with that in the immobilized cell (alginate and agar) experiment. In addition, continuous treatment of oil-containing wastewater was carried out with agar-immobilized S at a fixed dilution rate of 0.4/day. These results indicate that 96% of the oil was removed from the wastewater, and the maximum removal rate of oil reached approximately 3.83 kg oil/m³/d.     

细胞固定化技术在含氮废水处理中的应用研究

生物固定化技术是现代生物工程领域中的一项新兴技术。简要介绍了生物固定化技术,较为系统地阐述了单独包埋和混合包埋两种具体固定化工艺技术及其在处理氨氮废水中应用效果,展望了固定化技术在含氮废水处理中的应用前景与研究发展动向。     

Post-Treatment Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Domestic Wastewater

This paper focuses on the post-treatment options for the anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater. Initially, the main limitations of anaerobic systems regarding carbon, nutrients and pathogen removal are presented. In sequence, the advantages of combined anaerobic/aerobic treatment and the main post-treatment options currently in use are discussed, including the presentation of flowsheets and a comparison between various post-treatment systems. Lastly, the paper presents a review of emerging options and possible improvements of current post-treatment alternatives.     

城市污水厂除臭技术的应用综述

对目前国内外污水厂除臭技术的现状进行了综述, 介绍了目前应用于城市污水厂恶臭污染治理的多种技术, 并对其优缺点进行比较。分析结果表明, 水洗法和喷淋法简单易行, 但对臭气的去除率较低; 药剂吸收法和活性炭吸收法可以达到较好的去除效果, 但是运行费用较高; 而生物除臭法对臭气的去除率高、运行费用低、无二次污染, 是一种较为经济有效的除臭技术, 也是今后污水厂除臭技术的主要发展方向。     

Constructed Wetlands for Tannery Wastewater Treatment in Portugal: Ten Years of Experience

Wastewaters from tannery industry are complex in composition and providing adequate treatment can be difficult. Constructed wetlands (CW) are regarded as an alternative treatment to the conventional biological systems, as a developing cost-effective and environmentally friendly phytoremediation technology. The present review compiles and integrates information on CWs technology for the needs of the tannery sector. The following issues arise as crucial for the implementation of such systems, namely i) an accurate wastewater characterization and an effective pretreatment before reaching the CW, ii) choosing the plants species better adapted to the imposed conditions, iii) substrate selection and iv) range of organic loadings applied. The examples practiced in Portugal give indication that horizontal subsurface flow systems, with expanded clay media, are a suitable option to be considered when dealing with high organic loading tannery wastewater (up to c.a. 3800 kgCODha^?1d^?1), being resilient to a wide range of hydraulic variations. Plants such as Phragmites and Typha have shown to be adequate for tannery wastewater depuration, with Arundo donax proving resilient to high salinity wastewaters. The flexibility of implementation allows the CW to be adapted to different sites with different configurations, being suitable as main secondary or tertiary treatment stage.     

2株耐低温微生物处理污水模拟试验初报

从下水管道的污泥中分离筛选到耐冷细菌H6和耐冷酵母菌J1,采用此2菌株进行模拟污水低温(8℃)处理试验。H6和J1菌株对模拟污水COD的去除率分别为66.6%和72.2%;H6、J1菌株对有机氮去除率分别为76.9%和64.5%;H6、J1菌株对总磷去除率分别为53.9%和14.0%。说明低温微生物在低温环境的污水处理具有广阔的应用前景。     

Application of Image Analysis Techniques in Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Processes

Image analytical techniques have been extensively developed to evaluate complex microbial aggregates such as sludge flocs and biofilms. This review covers the latest contributions concerning the application of image analysis to the activated sludge systems with respect to the most frequently used morphological parameters and relations between them and traditional wastewater treatment parameters. Recent developments have indicated that image analysis can be successfully used for the quantification of flocs and filamentous bacteria in the operating wastewater treatment plants, which enables prediction of bulking events and pinpoint flocs formation.