铜锌超氧物歧化酶与过氧化氢反应中羟自由基的形成

应用脱氧核糖降解法研究了离体条件下Cu,Zn-SOD与H2O2反应产生·OH,并对其机理进行了探讨。H2O2可使Cu,Zn-SOD失活,在失活过程中有·OH产生,甲酸钠和苯甲酸钠均能不同程度地保护Cu,Zn-SOD和降低H2O2与Cu,Zn-SOD反应中·OH的产额;热失活SOD也可和H2O2反应生成·OH,且效能高于活性Cu,Zn-SOD;用螫合剂脱去Cu,Zn-SOD的金属辅基后,脱辅基的SOD蛋白不能和H2O2反应产生·OH;Cu2＋和H2O2反应产生·OH的效率很高,而Zn2＋产生·OH的效率很低。实验结果提示Cu,Zn－SOD与H2O2反应产生的·OH可能是SOD活性中心的Cu2＋与H2O2发生Fenton反应的结果．     

沙棘果皮多糖清除氧自由基的活性研究

沙棘(Hippophae rhamnosides)果皮经80℃恒温水浴提取, 乙醇沉淀得粗多糖。Sevag法去蛋白,经50%和70%乙醇分级, 得3种级分沙棘多糖H1、H2和H3; 以Fenton 反应, 即H2O2/Fe2+/水杨酸为.OH产生和检测体系; 以邻苯三酚/EDTA/Tris-HCl为O2 -. 产生体系, 对沙棘多糖H1、H2和H3进行抗氧自由基活 性研究。结果表明, 沙棘多糖对.OH和O2 -. 有较显著的清除能力。不同级分多糖H1、H2和H3浓度达200mg.mL-1时, 对.OH的清除率分别为44.9%、49.0%和26.4%, 抗O2-. 活性分别为36.9%,15.4%和23.1%。多糖质量浓度增大时,两种自由基清除率增加, 且呈量效关系。     

沙棘果皮多糖清除氧自由基的活性研究

沙棘(Hippophae rhamnosides)果皮经80℃恒温水浴提取,乙醇沉淀得粗多糖.Sevag法去蛋白,经50%和70%乙醇分级,得3种级分沙棘多糖H1、H2和H3;以Fenton反应,即H2O2/Fe2 /水杨酸为·OH产生和检测体系;以邻苯三酚/EDTA/Tris-HCl为O2-.产生体系,对沙棘多糖H1、H2和H3进行抗氧自由基活性研究.结果表明,沙棘多糖对·OH和O2-.有较显著的清除能力.不同级分多糖H1、H2和H3浓度达200μg·mL-1时,对·OH的清除率分别为44.9%、49.0%和26.4%,抗O2-.活性分别为36.9%,15.4%和23.1%.多糖质量浓度增大时,两种自由基清除率增加,且呈量效关系.     

不依赖于过渡金属离子的卤代醌介导的新型有机类Fenton反应机理

卤代醌是许多卤芳香持久有机污染物的致癌代谢产物和饮用水消毒副产物。羟基自由基(.OH)被公认为生物系统中最具活性的活性氧物种,能导致生物体内DNA等生物大分子的氧化损伤。目前,最被广泛接受的.OH产生机理是过渡金属离子催化的Fenton反应。综合采用电子自旋共振二级自旋捕获和其他分析方法,发现四氯苯醌和其它卤代醌皆可通过不依赖于过渡金属离子的途径,显著促进氢过氧化物(H2O2或有机氢过氧化物)的分解而产生.OH或烷氧自由基,并首次检测到一种新型的、以碳为中心的醌自由基。基于以上研究,提出一类不依赖于过渡金属离子的卤代醌介导的新型有机类Fenton反应机理。     

红车轴草总黄酮体外清除自由基作用的研究

通过Fenton 反应产生·OH,邻苯三酚自氧化产生O·-2模型,研究了红车轴草总黄酮体外清除自由基的作用.结果显示红车轴草总黄酮在6.25～200 mg/mL范围内具有清除Fenton 反应产生·OH的作用,在6.25～100 mg/mL浓度范围内对邻苯三酚自氧化产生的O·-2具有清除作用,二者均呈明显的量效关系,对·OH和O·-2半数清除浓度分别为44.06 和54.57 mg/mL.     

稻瘟菌侵染后水稻幼苗活性氧的产生与抗病性的关系

以对稻瘟菌ZB1小种表现抗病 (H8R)和感病反应 (H8S)的两种水稻为材料接种稻瘟菌后 ,表现不亲和反应的水稻幼苗叶片中O- ·2 产生速率提高 ,于 2 4h和 6 0h出现两个高峰 ;H2 O2 量在 3h和 48h分别出现高峰 ;·OH量在 36h后略高于对照 ;过氧化物酶 (POD)活性从 6h起显著升高。而在表现亲和反应的水稻中O- ·2 、H2 O2 和·OH的产生及POD活性的增加均迟于表现不亲和反应的 ,且强度也小。SOD和过氧化氢酶活性在两类反应中基本保持不变。同时发现 ,不亲和反应中丙二醛量增加 (2 4h)及其两个高峰 (30h和 6 0h)分别出现在活性氧的产生及其两个峰值之后或同时。这些结果表明水稻幼苗中产生的活性氧可能启动了膜脂过氧化 ,由此引起水稻过敏性反应中的细胞死亡而在抗稻瘟病中起作用     

丰城鸡血藤黄酮提取物清除自由基活性研究

本文考察了丰城鸡血藤不同提取物对.DPPH、O2-.和.OH清除活性,分别采用紫外可见分光光度法、邻苯三酚自氧化法和Fenton反应-邻菲罗啉显色法,测定受试物对.DPPH、O2-.和.OH的清除活性。实验结果表明受试物对.DPPH清除活性较强,对O2-.的清除活性次之,对.OH的清除活性较弱。丰城鸡血藤不同提取物黄酮组成和含量存在差异,其自由基清除活性也有所不同,提示它们的自由基清除作用机制和生物活性可能存在差异。     

山药蛋白多糖体外抗氧化作用的研究

目的:测定山药蛋白多糖体外抗氧化作用.方法:山药经破碎匀浆,水浸提,离心收集上清液减压浓缩,用Sevag法除去游离蛋白质,收集沉淀复溶,透析48h,冷冻干燥得山药蛋白多糖.采用辣根过氧化酶法、核黄素光照法、Fenton反应2-脱氧-D-核糖法等生物化学方法分别测定了山药蛋白多糖对H2O2、O2-、·OH的清除能力,用硫代巴比妥酸法、分光光度法分别测定山药蛋白多糖对小鼠肝组织脂质过氧化反应和小鼠红细胞溶血的抑制作用.结果:山药蛋白多糖对活性氧自由基如H2O2、O2·-、·OH具有良好的清除作用,可减少红细胞溶血和抑制小鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化反应,在一定范围内和剂量成正比.结论:山药蛋白多糖具有明显的体外抗氧化作用,其体外抗氧化能力与蛋白多糖浓度呈正相关性.     

干旱胁迫下La3+在小麦幼苗叶片受伤害中的作用研究

低浓度La3+叶喷小麦整株幼苗后,随着干旱处理时间的延长,除对叶片相对含水量没有影响外,却对叶细胞膜相对透性、丙二醛产生量、O-·2和H2O2的产生速率均有影响,其变化趋势与不加La3+叶喷的正常和干旱处理的小麦整株叶片相比较,变化曲线上升部分却下降,下降部分却略有升高.表明La3+可抑制干旱胁迫后引起的小麦幼苗叶片细胞膜相对透性增加,降低干旱胁迫引起的膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量,抑制O-·2产生速率,减少叶片中H2O2积累,阻止Fe2+的继续生成,限制了由Fe2+催化的Haber-Weiss和Fenton反应中底物O-·2和生成·OH的生成速率,使小麦叶片中·OH产生量相对减少,降低了叶细胞膜脂过氧化水平,减轻膜伤害,起到了保护、防止膜免受干旱胁迫引起的伤害.     

叶绿体光合代谢中活性氧的产生与清除

有氧代谢不可避免产生活性氧(ROS),叶绿体的PSI和PSII反应中心均是ROS产生的主要位点。叶绿体产生的ROS主要有超氧阴离子(O2-)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、羟自由基(.OH)和单线氧(1O2),其中在PSI产生的O2-将进一步产生H2O2和.OH,而1O2产生在PSII。正常生理代谢条件下,叶绿体内抗氧化系统和光能吸收利用的调节保持活性氧产生和消灭的平衡,不会影响植物的正常生理功能。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.