丹参四个栽培类型的脂溶性成分的聚类分析

为给丹参优质新品种选育研究提供一定的理论依据,本文采用HPLC法测定江苏栽培的四个丹参类型的丹参酮IIA、隐丹参酮的含量,采用紫外分光光度法测定其总丹参酮的含量,以DPS软件对其脂溶性成分的HPLC的8个峰的比例、隐丹参酮与丹参酮IIA的比值、丹参酮IIA、隐丹参酮和总丹参酮的含量进行聚类分析。结果表明四个类型丹参的脂溶性成分类别基本一致,其中小叶型丹参的隐丹参酮与丹参酮IIA的比值、隐丹参酮的含量与其它三个类型相差较大,聚类结果显示小叶型丹参独自成为一个类群,说明小叶型丹参为一个较为特殊的类型,也是一个优质的丹参材料。     

脱落酸不同处理时间对丹参毛状根有效成分积累的影响

采用HPLC测定脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)处理1、3、6、9 d后丹参毛状根中丹参酮I、隐丹参酮、二氢丹参酮I、丹参酮IIA含量的方法,研究不同ABA处理时间对丹参酮类成分积累的影响。结果表明:①随着ABA处理时间的增加,丹参毛状根生长受到抑制逐渐减弱,并在处理6 d左右变的不显著;②毛状根中四种丹参酮的产量和含量均在ABA处理6 d左右趋于稳定。其中丹参酮I、隐丹参酮、二氢丹参酮I和丹参酮II的产量分别提高为空白对照组的4.65、7.80、18.33和2.11倍;③三种丹参酮类合成抑制剂均对丹参毛状根的生长、丹参酮类的合成有抑制作用。     

丹参酮Ⅰ通过诱导凋亡抑制HepG2细胞生长

目的:研究丹参酮Ⅰ对肝癌细胞HepG2生长的影响。方法:MTT法检测丹参酮Ⅰ对HepG2细胞增殖的影响,Western印迹检测经丹参酮Ⅰ处理的HepG2细胞中凋亡标志物c-Parp和周期蛋白D1的表达变化,流式细胞术检测细胞的凋亡及周期分布。结果:MTT分析发现丹参酮Ⅰ可抑制HepG2细胞的生长;经丹参酮Ⅰ处理的HepG2细胞中凋亡标志物c-Parp表达升高,周期蛋白D1表达无明显变化;流式细胞术分析结果进一步证明丹参酮Ⅰ可诱导HepG2细胞发生凋亡,对细胞周期分布无明显影响。结论:丹参酮Ⅰ通过诱导细胞凋亡而抑制HepG2细胞的生长,对细胞周期无明显阻滞,为进一步研究丹参酮Ⅰ的抗肿瘤作用分子机制提供了线索。     

mTORC2/Akt的反馈激活可拮抗隐丹参酮对HepG2细胞的抑制作用

目的:研究隐丹参酮对Akt活性的影响及其在抑制HepG2细胞生长中的作用。方法:Western印迹检测隐丹参酮对Akt磷酸化的影响;CCK-8法检测隐丹参酮与MK2206或PP242联合用药对HepG2的生长抑制作用。结果:Western印迹证明隐丹参酮处理能够增强HepG2细胞Akt的磷酸化,同时发现隐丹参酮对Akt的增强作用依赖于mTORC2的活性;通过MK2206或PP242抑制Akt的反馈激活,能够明显促进隐丹参酮对HepG2细胞的生长抑制作用。结论:通过抑制Akt的反馈激活能够增强隐丹参酮的抗肿瘤作用,为隐丹参酮肿瘤治疗的临床应用联合用药提供了理论基础。     

回流提取过程中丹参酮的热降解行为研究

用甲醇作提取溶剂,在回流条件下考察了从丹参药材中提取丹参酮类有效成分的过程中,隐丹参酮、丹参酮I及丹参酮IIA等三种丹参酮的热降解行为。结果表明,回流提取过程中所考察的三种丹参酮均发生严重的热降解,降解速率:丹参酮IIA>丹参酮I>隐丹参酮,其热降解均具有零级反应动力学特征;同时,回流提取过程中丹参酮的热降解是在丹参酮共萃物存在下发生的。     

丹参酮生物合成途径及其相关酶的研究进展

丹参酮是丹参中具有多种药理活性的二萜醌类化合物，对预防和治疗心脑血管系统疾病有显著效果。因其具有重要的经济和药用价值，丹参酮的生物合成研究受到人们的广泛关注。随着丹参基因组和转录组数据的不断积累和完善，以及丹参遗传转化体系的建立和基因编辑技术的应用，丹参酮的生物合成途径解析及相关酶基因研究取得了新进展。现系统阐述丹参酮的生物合成途径与研究进展，同时对合成途径相关酶基因的研究现状进行概述，并展望未来的研究方向。     

基于组学的丹参酮生物合成途径新基因CYP71D375克隆和功能研究

丹参酮能有效治疗心脑血管疾病,其生物合成途径解析是国内外研究热点,其中CYP450氧化酶超家族的关键修饰作用最受关注.基于药用模式植物丹参的基因组及转录组数据分析,本研究克隆到一个新的CYP450氧化酶编码基因,命名为SmCYP71D375,全长1515 bp,编码504个氨基酸,差异表达分析显示,该基因在丹参的根及根周皮部位显著高表达,与丹参酮合成和积累的部位一致,推测其催化丹参酮的生物合成.进一步构建RNAi转基因毛状根体系,通过化学检测及代谢组学分析发现抑制SmCYP71D375的基因表达导致羟基丹参新酮、丹参新酮、隐丹参酮、丹参酮ⅡA等含量显著降低,证实SmCYP71D375在丹参体内催化丹参酮的生物合成.本研究为解析丹参酮的生源途径提供新思路,对植物高氧化次生代谢产物合成途径研究具有重要示范意义.     

过表达丹参GGPPS研究丹参酮类的生物合成途径

丹参酮是药用植物丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza)中具有较强生物活性的脂溶性二萜醌类化合物,是目前国际上广泛认可的有效治疗心脑血管疾病的天然药物之一.本研究通过分析过表达萜类生物合成途径中的牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合酶(GGPPS)的转基因丹参,发现丹参酮类化合物与叶绿素具有共同的上游生物合成途径,而下游途径因组织的特异化而不同,从而生成不同的代谢产物.通过对丹参毛状根外施两个萜类生物合成途径的抑制剂Lovastatin和Fosmidomycin,在处理6周丹参酮积累达到稳定时测定丹参酮的含量,探明了丹参酮类的生物合成主要是通过质体中的MEP途径来完成,而非胞质中的MVA途径.本研究为丹参酮类的代谢生物学及合成生物学研究提供了证据和基础.     

丹参酮ⅡA结构修饰及其对HeLa细胞的抑制作用研究

本研究运用Mannich反应,得到了丹参酮ⅡA的16位被酯化氨基酸取代的5个衍生物,结构均经EI-MS、1H及13C NMR确证。经MTT法测定丹参酮ⅡA及其衍生物对HeLa细胞增殖的抑制作用,并计算出IC50。结果表明,5个衍生物的生物活性较丹参酮ⅡA均有所增强;即丹参酮ⅡA在16位进行结构修饰可以增强其对肿瘤细胞抑制活性。     

丹参酮Ⅱ-A在RAW264.7细胞系中的抗炎症作用机制

目的:丹参酮Ⅱ-A是丹参的一种重要成分。研究丹参酮Ⅱ-A的抗炎症机制。方法:以小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞系RAW264.7作为药物刺激靶细胞,使用不同浓度的分析纯丹参酮Ⅱ-A对RAW264.7细胞系进行刺激,在细胞被刺激24、48h后,使用MTT比色法和半定量RT-PCR法对刺激后的细胞进行检测。结果:通过MTT比色法检测,发现丹参酮Ⅱ-A抑制炎症细胞的增殖,初步计算出丹参酮Ⅱ-A的半抑制浓度(IC50)为43.2μmol/L;在半定量RT-PCR实验中发现,在发生炎症后,丹参酮Ⅱ-A通过抑制磷脂酶A2来减轻炎症。结论:在炎症发生后,丹参酮Ⅱ-A通过抑制磷脂酶A2来达到其抗炎症的作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.