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RNAi是由双链RNA(dsRNA)所诱发的转录后水平上的基因沉默.由于对靶基因沉默作用的高度特异性和高效性,因此近年来用于肿瘤性疾病、感染性疾病、遗传性疾病等疾病的基因治疗研究,特别是在抗病毒领域的研究更是成为其应用热点之一.虽然目前RNAi已经较为广泛地应用于动物病毒及各种疾病病毒的基因治疗研究中,但其在应用过程中还有许多亟待解决的问题.本文就RNAi及其在抗病毒领域的应用研究和其存在的问题展开综述. 相似文献
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AIDS-associated, CCR5-tropic (R5) HIV-1 clones, isolated from a patient that never developed CXCR4-tropic HIV-1, replicate to a greater extent and cause greater cytopathic effects than R5 HIV-1 clones isolated before the onset of AIDS. Previously, we showed that HIV-1 Env substantially contributed to the enhanced replication of an AIDS clone. In order to determine if Nef makes a similar contribution, we cloned and phenotypically analyzed nef genes from a series of patient ACH142 derived R5 HIV-1 clones. The AIDS-associated Nef contains a series of residues found in Nef proteins from progressors [1]. In contrast to other reports [1–3], this AIDS-associated Nef downmodulated MHC-I to a greater extent and CD4 less than pre-AIDS Nef proteins. Additionally, all Nef proteins enhanced infectivity similarly in a single round of replication. Combined with our previous study, these data show that evolution of the HIV-1 env gene, but not the nef gene, within patient ACH142 significantly contributed to the enhanced replication and cytopathic effects of the AIDS-associated R5 HIV-1 clone. 相似文献
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RNA干扰机制研究进展 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2
RNAi是多种生物体内由dsRNA介导的同源mRNA降解现象。这是一个高度特异化的过程,涉及多种蛋白质的共同参与。在这一过程中,siRNA的结构影响其两条链装配到RISC中去的能力。除了与RISC结合外,siRNA还引导了RITS复合物结合到同源染色质,介导异染色质化过程。干扰效应的扩散,即系统性沉默可能依赖于跨膜蛋白的转运,并且很可能是在多因素调控下完成的。Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is a phenomenon that the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) intermediates the degradation of complementary mRNA found in many organisms. This is a specifically mechanism involved in kinds of proteins to complete the interference function. Structure of siRNA affects which strand will be assembled into RISC. Another role of siRNA is directing RITS complex to bind with homologue chromosome, and then induces heterochromatinization. Although systemic silence induced by dsRNA is observed in Caenorhabditis elegans and plants, this progress is probably transmembrane protein-dependent, and mostly, the systemic silencing is controlled by multi-factors. 相似文献
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RNA干扰机制及其应用研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
2006年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖,授予给了美国科学家Andrew Z.Fire和Craig C.Mello以表彰他们发现了RNA 干扰(RNAinterference RNAi)现象,使人们在基因治疗传染性、恶性肿瘤等危重疾病领域取得了突破性的发展.本文主要综述了RNA干扰系统的组成、分子机制、作用特点及其在探索基因功能、传染性、恶性肿瘤的基因治疗和药物研发等四个方面的应用. 相似文献
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核糖核酸干扰(RNAi)是指一个由双链RNA诱导具有相同碱基序列的靶标RNA降解的现象,它是沉默基因表达的一个十分有效的手段.RNAi导致基因沉默的机制可分为以下两步:首先由核酸酶Dicer切割长的双链RNA形成小片段碱基(19—25)的siRNA.然后,这些siRNA组成一个RNA诱导沉默复合体(RISC),并且siRNA被一个内源激酶磷酸化,双链siRNA打开,让反义RNA引导RISC至其目的信使RNA(mRNA).从而使其目的mRNA内切降解.RNAi技术可以应用到许多生命科学研究方面,如功能基因组以及医药研究.同时讨论了RNAi的一些最新进展如siRNA的设计和导入细胞的方法. 相似文献
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RNA干涉分子机制研究进展 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
RNA干涉(RNA interference,RNAi)是生物体内的一种通过双链RNA(dsRNA)来抵抗病毒入侵和抑制转座子活动的自然机制.双链RNA与同源mRNA互补结合而使特定基因失活,这一过程已经在包括拟南芥、线虫和真菌等多种模式生物中得到揭示.近来研究表明,21~25 nt的小干涉RNA(small interference RNA, siRNA)可介导哺乳动物细胞特异性基因沉默.RNAi具有高效性和高度特异性,可能成为关闭基因的新技术而在基因功能研究和疾病基因治疗中发挥重要作用. 相似文献
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细胞融合是大多数真核生物发育中的一个基本生物过程。酿酒酵母作为真核生物基因组合成和转移的经典模式生物,其细胞融合机制不清楚,因此限制了它的合成生物学应用。在酿酒酵母的融合过程中,细胞对信息素做出反应,触发促分裂原活化的蛋白激酶(MAPK)级联反应以启动交配,随后细胞发生极化、细胞壁重塑、膜融合和核配。其中,研究可能的“融合酶”——受信息素调控的多跨膜蛋白(Prm1)为推动细胞融合可控性提供方向。酵母交配信号通路的合成生物学应用基于生物元件、生物装置与生物系统以及多细胞互作3个层次,本文分析了信息素诱导型启动子、G蛋白偶联受体、支架蛋白、转录因子、双稳态开关、调谐器、底盘细胞等在生物传感器及代谢工程等领域的应用。开发理性设计的模块化线路和优化交配途径来精确调控酵母交配的生理事件,对于细胞融合的人工可操纵性发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
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RNA干扰是外源性或内源性双链RNA诱发的mRNA水平上的基因沉默机制。RNA技术具有高效性、特异性。最近将RNA干扰应用于许多病毒性疾病的治疗研究均取得了显著的基因沉默效果,为病毒的预防和治疗开辟了一条新途径。就RNA干扰作用机制及抗病毒效应作一综述。 相似文献
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A. A. Aravin V. V. Vagin N. M. Naumova Ya. M. Rozovskii M. S. Klenov V. A. Gvozdev 《Russian Journal of Developmental Biology》2002,33(5):284-294
RNA interference consists in specific mRNA degradation in response to introduction of a double-stranded RNA, homologous in nucleotide sequence. RNA interference was found in eukaryotes and is used in genomics as a powerful method to determine the functions of genes with known nucleotide sequences. RNA interference is considered as a tool of protection against viruses and harmful consequences of mobile elements' transposals. The involvement of the components of RNA interference is considered in spermatogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster and regulation of the expression of genes in Caenorhabditis elegans responsible for temporal patterns of development. The role of RNA interference in stem cell formation and functioning is also considered. 相似文献
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慢病毒载体介导的RNA干扰 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
RNA干扰(RNAinterference)是指由双链RNA分子抑制同源基因的表达。慢病毒载体(lentivirusvector)则是高效的基因转导工具,能将外源序列稳定导入分裂相和非分裂相细胞。将慢病毒载体和RNA干扰结合,能在哺乳动物各类细胞中,特异性抑制同源基因的表达;也是基因功能研究和基因治疗的有力手段。 相似文献
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Bryan R. Cullen 《Journal of virology》2014,88(22):12934-12936
The question of whether any mammalian cells are able to mount an effective RNA interference-mediated antiviral innate immune response has remained highly controversial. In this Gem, I review recent data addressing this important issue and propose a testable hypothesis that can explain many of the apparently contradictory results published in this area of research. 相似文献
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RNA干扰技术治疗疾病 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)现象最早发现于秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans),随后发现该现象普遍存在于真菌、植物和哺乳动物等真核生物,并行使基因调控和抵御外源基因片段侵袭的作用。目前,RNAi分子机制和RNAi在基因功能方面的研究已经取得了突破性的进展。鉴于RNAi在基因沉默中的特异性、高效性和易操作,其在药物筛选和疾病治疗等方面有着广泛的应用前景。然而,RNAi技术用于治疗疾病的安全性尚待确定,分子传递途径也有待进一步的研究。 相似文献
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The phage display technique is a powerful tool for selection of various biological agents. This technique allows construction of large libraries from the antibody repertoire of different hosts and provides a fast and high-throughput selection method. Specific antibodies can be isolated based on distinctive characteristics from a library consisting of millions of members. These features made phage display technology preferred method for antibody selection and engineering. There are several phage display methods available and each has its unique merits and application. Selection of appropriate display technique requires basic knowledge of available methods and their mechanism. In this review, we describe different phage display techniques, available bacteriophage vehicles, and their mechanism. 相似文献