塔里木鳃金龟发生规律和防治研究

<正> 塔里木鳃金龟Melolontha tarimensis Semenov是我州大田作物、棉、麻、瓜、菜及林果的重要害虫,近些年来日趋严重。我们从1979—1982年,对该虫进行了系统调查和饲养观察,现综合报道如下。 一、分布与为害 此虫普遍分布于南疆各农业区,在本州的焉耆、和静、和硕、博湖、库尔勒等县较为严重。以2—3龄的幼虫为害最重,每头虫能咬死小麦5—20株,玉米1—3株。从麦田虫口密度来看,     

苹果蠹蛾的初步研究

一.前言 苹果蠹蛾(Carpocapsa pomonella L.)原产于欧洲,在苏联之乌克兰、伏尔加河流域、克里米亚、中亚细亚及高加索等地,都很普遍,是果虫中极重要的害虫之一。我国各地迄未有此种害虫的记载,据几年来的了解,在新疆维吾尔自治区塔城、伊犁、乌鲁木齐、哈密、库尔勒、阿克苏及和阗专区,为害均极猖獗,而以沙果、苹果为主,在库尔勒为害香梨亦异常惨重。此外尚为害杏、桃及榅桲,但情况远较以上三种为轻。     

棉花金龟子(Melolontha sp.)生活史初步观察

一、前言 这种金龟子主要分布于南疆,幼虫生活于地下,为害各种果树幼苗、成年果树根部、以及大田作物中的麦苗、玉米和蔬菜的根茎,造成苗圃中的严重缺苗现象。1953年作者在库尔勒对此虫做了一些初步观察和鉴定,1956年更与农科所合作,作了进一步的调查,无论在形态上和习性上,都与苏联最常见的东方五月金龟子(M.hippocastani,F.),或西方五月金龟子(M.melo-     

棉花上的食菌昆虫——啮虫

<正> 啮虫Peripsocus phaeopterus Linnaeus属昆虫纲、啮虫目,主食棉花黑果病铃之菌丝体及分生孢子器,是有益昆虫。 一、啮虫是食菌昆虫     

四川柑桔吸果夜蛾的初步调查

一、引言 夜蛾成虫吸食果汁,已知在浙江、广东两省山地和近山柑桔严重受害。四川为我国柑桔的主要产区之一,桔园又多分布于广大的山区丘陵地带,有关吸果夜蛾的发生与为害情况,过去未见报导。我们于1963年在四川开展了吸果夜蛾的调查研究,现将初步结果整理报告于后。 二、调查方法 1963年在重庆北碚缙云山下蔡家沟桔园设点调查。该园四周环山,园内混植柚、桔、橙、柠檬、香橼、桃、李、葡萄、苹果、梨等多种果树。 1.吸果夜蛾种类和消长情况观察:选甜橙、红桔成年结果树,定人次(每旬2次,每次2人)、定时间(每次夜间连续观察2小时)分别调查在健果、坏果(果实裂口处或受害果软腐处)上刺孔吸食汁液的虫种、虫数,同时观察记载果皮色泽的变化。从9月中旬开始至11月中旬采果为止,统计为害健果虫种、虫数及该虫种为害坏果虫数。     

梨吉丁虫调查研究初报

梨吉丁虫(Lampra limbata Gebl.)为梨、苹果、杏、樱桃、山楂的枝干害虫之一,我校梨树自1956午栽植以来连年受害,损失甚重。据了解此虫在南昌、永修、清江、上饶、贵谿、赣县、新干、崇仁等县亦有发生。在我校主要为害梨树,苹果上偶有发现。1961年以来我们对此虫进行了调查研究,所得结果报导于下。 为害情况及虫口密度 据历年调查,我校梨园1,350亩均受此虫为害,死树达5,000多株,占全部梨树22％,有二个果区(170亩)遭到毁灭。61年7月调查的结果如表1。 表1说明,无论虫株率及虫口密度都极严重。从树龄来看,三年生以下的梨树为害较轻,虫道分布在主干上较主枝上多;六午生树,主枝、主干大致相似,有些主枝上的虫数还超过了主干;无论三年生或六年生树,     

库尔勒香梨上苹果蠹蛾发生规律及其性信息素迷向防控效果

【目的】苹果蠹蛾是我国进境检疫性有害生物。库尔勒香梨是苹果蠹蛾在新疆果树种植区的主要寄主。研究苹果蠹蛾性信息素迷向防控技术在新疆库尔勒香梨产区的应用效果,可为该害虫的绿色防控提供参考。【方法】通过持续监测与调查,掌握苹果蠹蛾在库尔勒香梨上的发生规律和危害特点,并通过定期调查诱蛾量和蛀果率,比较微胶囊迷向剂、迷向丝、常规化学农药对苹果蠹蛾的防治效果。【结果】库尔勒香梨产区苹果蠹蛾一年发生2~3代,以老熟幼虫越冬,且死亡率较低。4月中旬越冬代羽化出土,5月开始为害;第1代成虫高峰期为7月上中旬,第2代成虫高峰期为8月下旬至9月中旬。微胶囊迷向剂、迷向丝、常规化学农药处理区每周的平均诱蛾量分别为2.85、2.98、4.95头·台~(-1),平均蛀果率分别为2.25%、0.8%、0.99%,与空白对照区的差异均达极显著水平。【结论】使用性信息迷向剂能够降低苹果蠹蛾第1代、第2代幼虫及成虫的数量。     

云斑褐夜蛾初步观察

<正> 云斑褐夜蛾Orthosia incerta(Hufnagel)国内尚未见有专文报道。此虫从1979年起在新疆石河子地区发生数量不断增长,1981和1982年与春尺蠖混合发生,对城市绿化林、防护林及果树造成严重为害。作者于1981—1982年以石河子地区为主对其发生为害进行了初步观察。此虫分布于北疆的昌吉、石河子、塔城及南疆的喀什等地。寄主有白蜡、杨树、榆、苹果等,最高有虫株率达100％,为害有扩散蔓延的趋     

氰酸气燻蒸柑桔果品上粉介壳虫(Pseudococcus citri(Risso))的初步试验

柑桔粉介壳虫Pseudococcus Citri Risso系福建省闽侯专区普遍严重为害柑桔类的一种介壳虫,历年来在外销柑桔检疫工作中经常见到,也是柑桔包装选果上存在的主要问题。由於此虫在采收时已孵化出大量若虫匿藏於萼片下越冬,虫体微小,检查困难,选果易於忽略,极易随鲜果传播蔓延。例如1955年12月,由各产地运厂加工之柑桔经调查福桔比雪柑严重,闽侯县吴山乡出产福桔因粉介壳虫严重超过规定不合出口者达68.4％,长乐县浪峰乡达18％,其他地区均达10％左右,虫口密度每果竟有达到     

几种杧果象虫的初步研究

杧果,肉嫩味美、含糖高、维生素丰富,是热带地区的著名水果。但象虫为害严重,使生产受到一定影响。1973—1975年我们在西双版纳州、德宏州和思茅地区,对为害杧果的几种重要象虫的发生和为害情况,作过一些初步调查研究。现将结果整理报道如下。     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.