Seven new species and two new subspecies of Sclerocypris SARS, 1924 from Africa,with new records of some other Megalocypridinids (Crustacea,Ostracoda)

Sclerocypris dayae n.sp., S. dedeckkeri n.sp., S. dumonti n.sp., S. zelaznyi n.sp. and S. zelaznyi etoshensis n.ssp. are described from South — West Africa (Namibia). S. exserta makarikarensis n.ssp. originates from the endorheic pan system Makarikari in Botswana. S. woutersi n.sp. was described from Lake Albert where it is quite common. S. virungensis n.sp. is known from the Virunga National Park, south of Lake Edward (Zaire). The latter two species are closely related and from part of the flabella-species group. S. longisetosa n.sp., described from a marsh near Kisumu (Kenya), is an enigmatic species, holding an isolated position in the genus due to an aberrant T1.Present address: Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Laboratorium voor ecologie der dieren, zoögeografte en natuurbehoud (Institute for Ecology), K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B9000 Gent, Belgium.     

Scaphohippus, A New Genus of Horse (Mammalia: Equidae) from the Barstow Formation of California

A new genus of hypsodont equid, Scaphohippus, is recognized from the Green Hills Division (Ba1), Second Division (Ba1), and Barstow Faunas (Ba2) of the medial Miocene Barstow Formation, as well as from Ba1 and Ba2 faunas in the Punchbowl Formation of California, the Tesuque Formation of New Mexico, the Pawnee Creek Formation of Colorado, and the Olcott Formation of Nebraska. The genus includes two species, Scaphohippus sumani n. sp. and Scaphohippus intermontanus n. sp. Scaphohippus is a member of the “protohippine” clade, but is differentiated from its more derived sister taxon, Protohippus, by an arc-shaped incisor battery, a shorter I3-P1 diastema, and a more rounded protocone. The upper cheek teeth of S. sumani n. sp. have an unworn crown height of 40 mm. The protocone remains isolated until as much as 60% of wear, and the enamel fossettes are more complex than those of S. intermontanus n. sp. S. intermontanus n. sp. has an unworn crown height of 48–50 mm, the protocone opens by 30% of wear, and the enamel fossettes are simpler than those of S. sumani n. sp. Phyletic analysis shows S. sumani n. sp. to be the more primitive species. Similar facial and dental characteristics reveal a likely common ancestor with Merychippus insignis. The wider geographic and temporal range of S. sumani n. sp. reported here allows for useful phyletic and biogeographic interpretations. S. sumani n. sp. and M. insignis diverged during the late Hemingfordian (He2) of the Great Plains and both taxa dispersed throughout the western United States. S. intermontanus n. sp. is only recognized from the Barstow Formation, where it was likely directly descended from S. sumani n. sp.     

Revision and phylogeny of Syrphetodes (Coleoptera: Ulodidae): implications for biogeography,alpinization and conservation

The genus Syrphetodes Broun is revised to include a total of 13 species. Most of the species are restricted in their distributions, are rarely collected and have been attributed conservation status in New Zealand. Eleven species are described as new: three from Northland (S. relictus sp.n ., Te Paki; S. insularis sp.n. , Three Kings Islands; S. magnus sp.n. , Hokianga), one from the central North Island (S. obtusus sp.n. ), one from Central Otago (S. nunni sp.n. , Waikaia Bush), and seven from the southern Alps (S. cirrhopogon sp.n. , Aspiring National Park; S. occiduus sp.n. , Westland; S. melanopogon sp.n. , Mt Dewar, Paparoa Range; S. defectus sp.n. , northern Paparoa Range; S. marrisi sp.n. , Mt Domett, Northwest Nelson; S. carinatus sp.n. , Victoria Range). Eleven synonymies are proposed: S. crenatus Broun (= S. dorsalis Broun, syn.n .), S. marginatus Pascoe (= S. bullatus Sharp, syn.n. ; S. sylvius Broun, syn.n. ; S. cordipennis Broun, syn.n. ; S. punctatus Broun, syn.n. ; S. simplex Broun, syn.n. ; S. nodosalis Broun, syn.n. ; S. truncatus Broun, syn.n. ; S. variegatus Broun, syn.n. ; S. pensus Broun, syn.n. ; S. thoracicus Broun, syn.n. ). The phylogenetic relationships among the species were reconstructed using morphological (25 adult characters) and DNA sequence (nuclear 28S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) data. A morphological analysis rooted with Trachyderastes resulted in a split between lowland and high‐altitude species and a well‐supported group from Northland. Molecular trees rooted with representatives of Trachyderastes Kaszab (New Caledonia), Meryx Latrielle (Australia), Ulodes Erichson (Australia) and three New Zealand genera (Arthopus Sharp, Brouniphylax Strand, Exohadrus Broun) resulted in the following tree: ((Ulodes, Brouniphylax) (Exohadrus, Arthopus)) (Syrphetodes (Meryx, Trachyderastes)). Species relationships within Syrphetodes included a strongly supported northern North Island clade and an alpine clade either as sister taxon to S. crenatus and S. marginatus or sister remaining lowland lineages. Combined phylogenetic analyses also showed paritial congruence with separate partitions. The distributions of the lowland species, in particular those from the North Island, correspond to islands that existed in the Pliocene. The alpine, black‐coloured lineage, found above the treeline, is monophyletic based on several characters (e.g. lack of abdominal flanges and reduced scalation) and, in some reconstructions, the tan‐coloured S. cirrhopogon is sister taxon to the remaining black‐coloured species. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:697E68E8‐EE90‐46C1‐A009‐78A794E0EF4F .     

A review of Buccipagoda Ponder, 2010 and descriptions of new species and a new genus (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda: Buccinoidea: Buccinidae)

This revision addresses two Southern Hemisphere genera in the family Buccinidae. Buccipagoda kengrahami (Ponder, 1982) and B. ponderi n. sp. are recognised from off southern Australia and B. achilles n. sp. from off New Zealand. Sagenotriton n. gen. is introduced for S. ajax n. sp. from off New Zealand, and S. bathybius (Bouchet & Warén, 1986) and S. bonaespei (Barnard, 1963) from off South Africa.     

Species of Calydiscoides Young,l969 (Monogenea: Diplectanidae Bychowsky, 1957: Lamellodiscinae Oliver, 1969) from nemipterid fishes off Peninsular Malaysia

Four new species of Calydiscoides Young, 1969 are described from three species of nemipterids caught off Kemaman, Terengganu, on the eastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia: C. monogrammae n. sp. from Scolopsis monogramma; C. conus n. sp. from S. magaritifer; C. scolopsidis n. sp. from S. margaritifer and S. monogramma; and C. kemamanensis n. sp. from Pentapodus setosus. The present investigation reveals that the squamodiscs (lamellodiscs) are composed of 10-12 short, complete, interlocking and concentric tubular lamellae. The innermost lamella is attached to a pair of adductor muscles.     

Origin and radiation of rissooidean gastropods (Caenogastropoda) in ancient lakes of Sulawesi

Zielske, S., Glaubrecht, M. & Haase, M. (2010). Origin and radiation of rissooidean gastropods (Caenogastropoda) in ancient lakes of Sulawesi. —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 221–237. We investigated diversity and origin of as well as relationships among rissooidean gastropods from the ancient lakes of Sulawesi. Analyses of morphological, anatomical and genetic data (16S rRNA, COI and 18S rRNA) revealed ten new species: Sulawesidrobia perempuan sp. n., which is probably parthenogenetic, Sulawesidrobia soedjatmokoi sp. n., Sulawesidrobia mahalonaensis sp. n., Sulawesidrobia anceps sp. n., Sulawesidrobia bicolor sp. n., Sulawesidrobia megalodon sp. n., Sulawesidrobia abreui sp. n., Sulawesidrobia datar sp. n., Sulawesidrobia yunusi sp. n. and Sulawesidrobia towutiensis sp. n. In two cases morphological and anatomical differentiation between pairs of species were not paralleled by genetic differentiation suggesting young speciation events and incomplete lineage sorting as a likely explanation. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis including representatives of most rissooidean families placed Sulawesidrobia Ponder & Haase 2005 among Tateidae and thus indicated an Australasian origin of the genus. Relationships among the Sulawesian species suggested that isolated Lake Poso was colonised only once whereas the lakes of the Malili system experienced repeated colonizations.     

Further investigations of the mite genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Syringophiloidus</Emphasis> Kethley, 1970 (Acariformes: Syringophilidae) from North American passerines

Four new syringophilid species of Syringophiloidus Kethley, 1970 are described from North American passerines: S. zonotrichia n. sp. from Zonotrichia albicolis (Gmelin) (Emberizidae) on Texas; S. jackowiaki n. sp. from Poecile carolinensis (Auduborn) (Paridae) in Texas; and S. xanthocephalus n. sp. from Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (Bonaparte) (Icteridae) and S. agelaius n. sp. from Agelaius phoeniceus Linnaeus (Icteridae), both from Arizona. Spizella breweri (Cassin) (Emberizidae) from California is a new host for Syringophiloidus sialius Skoracki, Flannery & Spicer, 2009; and Melospiza lincolnii (Auduborn) (Emberizidae) from Texas and Vermivora ruficapilla (Wilson) (Parulidae) from California are new hosts for S. seiuri (Ckark, 1964). S. daberti Bochkov, Fain & Skoracki, 2004 from Passerina ciris Linnaeus (Cardinalidae) is recorded in the USA for the first time. A table with the host associations and distribution of all of the North American species of Syringophiloidus is given.     

Six new species of the genus Diplopeltula (Nematoda: Diplopeltidae) with remarks on the heterogeneity of the taxon

Six new Diplopeltula species are described: D. pulchra sp.n., D. belgica sp.n., D. striolata sp.n. and D. curta sp.n. (Southern Bight of the North Sea), D. nellyae sp.n. and S. pumila sp.n. (New Caledonia). Diplopeltula indica Gerlach, 1962 is redescribed from Guadeloupe (FWI). Based on the examination of these seven Diplopeltula species, the genus has been reappraised. The systematic position of the other genera of the Diplopeltidae Filipjev, 1918 is also discussed. Diplopeltoides Gerlach, 1962 is moved from the Aegialoalaimidae Lorenzen, 1981 to the Diplopeltidae.     

Deux prédateurs deTetranychidae en nouvelle-guinee:Stethorus exspectatus n.sp. etStethorus exsultabilis n.sp. [Col.: Coccinellidae]

Résumé Stethorus exspectatus n.sp. etS. exsultabilis n.sp. sont décrits de Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinée. Leurs proies connues sont citées, et quelques informations nouvelles sur la répartition du genreStethorus dans le Pacifique sont données.

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Summary Stethorus exspectatus n.sp. andS. exsultabilis n.sp. are described from Papua New Guinea, with records of their prey and new data on the distribution ofStethorus in the Pacific area.

     

New and little known phalangopsinae (Orthoptera,Gryllidae): 7. Neotropical taxa of the tribes Paragryllini and Luzarini

Three new genera, one new subgenus, and 13 new species (Strogulomorpha separata sp. n., S. davidi sp. n., S. proxima sp. n., Luzarida lata sp. n., Luzara venado sp. n., L. sapani sp. n., Ucayacla pulchella gen. et sp. n., Peruzara atalaya gen. et sp. n., P. loreto sp. n., Amazonacla imitata gen. et sp. n., A. primitiva sp. n., Leptopsis (Leptopsis) ucayali sp. n., and L. (Aberracla subgen. n.) morona sp. n.) are described. The composition of the tribes Paragryllini and Luzarini and of the genera Luzarida Heb. and Luzara Walk is discussed. The new synonymies Luzarida Hebard, 1928 = Ecuazarida Nischk et Otte, 2000, syn. n.; Lerneca Walker, 1869 = Doposia Otte et Perez-Gelabert, 2009, syn. n.; Nemoricantor Desutter-Grandcolas et Hubbell, 1993 = Kumalorina Otte et Perez-Gelabert, 2009, syn. n. are given. The systematic position of some previously described species is corrected.     

Species of Stephanostomum Looss, 1899 (Digenea: Acanthocolpidae) from fishes of Australian and South Pacific waters,including five new species

Nine species of Stephanostomum are described from Australian and Southern Pacific marine fishes: Stephanostomum madhaviae n. sp. [syn. S. orientalis of Madhavi (1976)] from Caranx ignobilis, off Hope Island, Queensland, with 30-34 circum-oral spines and vitelline fields almost reaching to the posterior extremity of the cirrus-sac; S. bicoronatum (Stossich, 1883) from Argyrosomus hololepidotus, off Southport Broadwater, Queensland; S. votonimoli n. sp. from Scomberoides lysan, off Moorea, French Polynesia (type-locality) and Western Samoa, with 33-38 circum-oral spines, a uroproct and the vitelline fields not reaching the cirrus-sac; S. nyoomwa n. sp. from Caranx sexfasciatus, off Heron Island, Queensland, with 33-38 circum-oral spines, a uroproct and the vitelline fields reaching the cirrus-sac; S. cobia n. sp. from Rachycentron canadum, off Heron Island, with 36 circum-oral spines, a uroproct and the vitelline fields reaching the cirrus-sac; S. petimba Yamaguti, 1970 from Seriola hippos, off Rottnest Island, Western Australia; S. pacificum (Yamaguti, 1951) from Pseudocaranx wrighti, off Fremantle, Western Australia; S. aaravi n. sp. from Lethrinus miniatus, off Heron Island, with 36-39 circum-oral spines, probably a uroproct and the vitelline fields reaching the ventral sucker; S. pagrosomi (Yamaguti, 1939) from L. nebulosus, L. miniatus and L. atkinsoni off Heron Island, Pagrus auratus, off Rottnest Island, Western Australia and Gymnocranius audleyi, off Heron Island. A digest of described species of Stephanostomum is included as an appendix.     

Molecular Phylogeny and Surface Morphology of Thiriotia hyperdolphinae n. sp. and Cephaloidophora oradareae n. sp. (Gregarinasina,Apicomplexa) Isolated from a Deep Sea Oradarea sp. (Amphipoda) in the West Pacific

In an effort to broaden our understanding of the biodiversity and distribution of gregarines infecting crustaceans, this study describes two new species of gregarines, Thiriotia hyperdolphinae n. sp. and Cephaloidophora oradareae n. sp., parasitizing a deep sea amphipod (Oradarea sp.). Amphipods were collected using the ROV Hyper‐Dolphin at a depth of 855 m while on a cruise in Sagami Bay, Japan. Gregarine trophozoites and gamonts were isolated from the gut of the amphipod and studied with light and scanning electron microscopy, and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA. Thiriotia hyperdolphinae n. sp. was distinguished from existing species based on morphology, phylogenetic position, as well as host niche and geographic locality. Cephaloidophora oradareae n. sp. distinguished itself from existing Cephaloidophora, based on a difference in host (Oradarea sp.), geographic location, and to a certain extent morphology. We established this latter new species with the understanding that a more comprehensive examination of diversity at the molecular level is necessary within Cephaloidophora. Results from the 18S rDNA molecular phylogeny showed that T. hyperdolphinae n. sp. was positioned within a clade consisting of Thiriotia spp., while C. oradareae n. sp. grouped within the Cephaloidophoridae. Still, supplemental genetic information from gregarines infecting crustaceans will be needed to better understand relationships within this group of apicomplexans.     

Monograph of the solenofilomorphidae (Turbellaria: Acoela)

Morphological studies of eleven new species in the family permitted reconstruction of progressive evolutionary lines, and this strongly implies progressive evolutionary lines for other acoela. Solenofilomorpha funilis n. sp., Myopea crassula n. g. n. sp., M. latafaucium n. sp., Fusantrum rhammiphorum n. g. n. sp. and Endocincta punctata n. g. n. sp. are described from the coast of South Carolina, U.S.A., and S. guaymensis n. sp. is described from the Gulf of California. Five additional unnamed species from the U. S. Pacific Coast, Sweden and Tunisia are briefly described. Two species groupings were based on correlation between two different arrangements of pharynx muscles and trio arrangements of antrum muscles and further correlations with lesser characters. The membership of the two groupings in a single family make it clear that evolution proceeded by addition of structures to a less complex common ancestor. Functional and behavioral considerations support the evolutionary path drawn from morphology. Distinctive statocyst structure, ciliary interconnections and sperm morphology shared by acoels show them to have a common ancestry, but clearly different pharynges and male structures cannot be consistent with evolution by reductions. A common ancestor of low complexity has probably given rise to several partly parallel evolutionary lines which together form the structurally diverse Acoela. The history of acoel systematics is also briefly summarized.     

A taxonomic review of ichneumon-flies (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae), parasitoids of gall-forming sawflies (Hymenoptera,Tenthredinidae) on Salix. Part II. Review of the Palaearctic species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saotis</Emphasis> Förster with description of four new species

This is the second communication on Ichneumonidae, parasitoids of gall-making sawflies on Salix. Twenty-one Palaearctic species of the specialized genus Saotis are revised and classified into 12 species groups. Original data on 29 species of Saotis hosts are given: 18 spp. of Phyllocolpa, 10 Pontania and 1 species of Pontopristia. A key to species and subspecies is given and illustrated by 55 figures. For each species the literature, synonymy, diagnosis, material and hosts are given. Four new species are described: Saotis alpinator sp. n., S. boreator sp. n., S. granulator sp. n. and S. subarctor sp. n.     

Steinernema weiseri n. sp. (Rhabditida,Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Europe

Steinernema weiseri n. sp. is described from a roadside with apple trees near Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic. The species is also widely distributed in Germany and Slovakia, from where it had previously been reported as Steinernema spec. F. The British Steinernema sp. D1 is considered conspecific with S. weiseri n. sp. Males of the new species are mainly characterised by light brown, slightly curved spicules with a long manubrium and the presence of a short tail mucron in the second generation. Third-stage infective juveniles are characterised by a `medium size' body and tail length, short hyaline tail portion (mostly around 1/3 of tail length), the excretory pore situated in the mid-pharynx region, lip region slightly offset, angular and flattened, and the lateral field having nine equally developed lines separated by eight distinct ridges. S. weiseri n. sp. is most similar to S. feltiae, with which it did not hybridise. RFLP analysis of the ITS region of the rDNA repeat shows S. weiseri n. sp. to be distinct from 50 other Steinernema species and isolates. The new species was found in a wide range of habitats and is readily maintained on Galleria mellonella larvae.     

New and little known weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) from the Paleogene and Neogene

A new tribe, Palaeorhopalotriini Legalov, n. tribe, new genera, Electranthribus Legalov, n. gen. (type species: Electranthribus zherikhini n. sp.), Palaeorhopalotria Legalov, n. gen. (type species: Palaeorhopalotria neli n. sp.), Eoceneithycerus Legalov, n. gen. (type species: Eoceneithycerus carpenteri n. sp.), Succinorhynchites Legalov, n. gen. (type species: S. alberti n. sp.), Palaeophelypera Legalov, n. gen. (type species: Palaeophelypera kuscheli n. sp.) and Archaeocallirhopalus Legalov, n. gen. (type species: A. larssoni n. sp.) and new species, Electranthribus zherikhini Legalov, n. sp. (Anthribidae: Anthribinae: Zygaenodini) from Baltic amber, Succinometrioxena bachofeni Legalov, n. sp. from Baltic amber, Palaeorhopalotria neli Legalov, n. sp. (Belidae: Oxycoryninae: Allocorynitae) from Alès-Monteils, Upper Eocene, Eoceneithycerus carpenteri Legalov, n. sp. (Ithyceridae: Ithycerinae) from USA Lower Eocene, Succinorhynchites alberti Legalov, n. sp. (Rhynchitidae: Rhynchitini: Perrhynchitina) from Baltic amber, Ceutorhynchus succinus Legalov, n. sp. (Curculionidae: Baridinae: Ceutorhynchini) from Baltic amber, Palaeophelypera kuscheli Legalov, n. sp. (Entiminae: Hyperini: Cepurina) from Baltic amber, and A. larssoni Legalov, n. sp. (Entiminae: Cneorhinini alaeophelypera) from Baltic amber are described. Isotheinae Scudder 1893, n. syn. is synonymised to the tribe Rhynchitini Gistel, 1848. Trichapiina Alonso-Zarazaga 1990, n. syn. is synonymised to the subtribe Toxorhynchina Scudder 1893. Phialodes durus (Heer 1865), n. placem. and n. comb. is transferred from the genus Attelabus Linnaeus, 1758 to the genus Phialodes Roelofs, 1874.     

A second species of the genus Sciaphyes (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Sciaphyini) from Japan

A second species of the genus Sciaphyes Jeannel is reported from Japan. The new species, S. kawaharai sp. n., can be easily distinguished from other Japanese Cholevine by the lack of eyes and hind wings. S. kawaharai sp. n. was collected in the nests of lesser white-toothed Shrew, Crocidura suaveolens (Pallas 1811) (Insectivora: Soricidae), therefore its habitat is pholeophile.     

Discheramocephalini,a new pantropical tribe of featherwing beetles (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae): description of new taxa and phylogenetic analysis

Abstract Two new genera and eight new species of featherwing beetles (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) possessing a remarkable horizontal perforation of the mesoventral keel are described: Skidmorella vietnamensis sp.n. (Vietnam), S. memorabilis sp.n. (Indonesia), S. serrata sp.n. (Vietnam), Fenestellidium capensis gen. et sp.n. (South Africa, type species), F. kakamegaensis sp.n. (Kenya), Cissidium okuensis sp.n. (Cameroon), Dacrysoma usambarensis gen. et sp.n. (Tanzania, type species) and D. felis sp.n. (Madagascar). A phylogenetic analysis of 24 taxa and 37 parsimony‐informative characters supports the hypothesis of a single origin of the mesoventral perforation, thus uniting Discheramocephalus, Skidmorella, Africoptilium, Fenestellidium, Cissidium and Dacrysoma into a pantropically distributed clade, for which a new tribe Discheramocephalini (type genus Discheramocephalus) is proposed. Identification keys to Discheramocephalini genera and, in some cases, to species are provided. Each new species is illustrated with scanning electron microscopy images.