Separation of Leydigia louisi Jenkin, 1934 from L. leydigi (Schoedler, 1863) (Chydoridae, Anomopoda, Cladocera)

The aim of the present article was to contribute to the systematics of the leydigi-like species of Leydigia consisting of a few (probably 3) formal species with: (1) a large basal spine on the postabdominal claw (as long as claw thickness at the base); (2) a short setulation at anterior margin of labral keel; (3) no longitudinal striation on the female valves; (4) at least three lateral setae in each fascicle on the postabdomen; (5) three large lateral setae on exopodite III. The morphology of L. leydigi (Schoedler, 1863) and L. louisi Jenkin, 1934 are redescribed, and type material of L. macrodonta Sars, 1916 is studied. In contrast to previous suggestions (Jenkin, 1934; Smirnov, 1971), I found that: (1) L. louisi is a valid species, not a subspecies of L. macrodonta; (2) L. macrodonta is not a member of the L. leydigi-group. The third member of leydigi-group, Leydigia macrodonta longiseta Chen Shou-zhong, 1992, was described from China. It is not a subspecies of L. macrodonta, but a relative of L. leydigi; most probably, it is a valid species, but this opinion must to be confirmed by examination of original Asian material. In this article, the presence of L. leydigi in Palearctic only, and that of L. louisi in only Africa was confirmed. A new subspecies of L. louisi, found in Mexico, will be reported separately.     

A reconsideration of the genusRabdosiella (Lamiaceae,Nepetoideae, Ocimeae)

The two generaPlectranthus andIsodon are compared and found to be very dissimilar.Isodon ist considered to be misplaced inOcimeae subtribePlectranthinae and apparently is more closely related to subtribeHyptidinae. The disjunct genusRabdosiella is compared to these two genera and regarded to be polyphyletic. The AfricanR. calycina (Benth.)Codd is returned toPlectranthus and calledP. calycinus Benth., while the AsianR. ternifolia (D. Don)Codd is placed inIsodon sect.Pyramidium and calledI. ternifolius (D. Don)Kudo.     

Etude morphologique de Syphatineria pearsi (Baylis, 1928) (Oxyuridae,Nematoda)

Syphatineria (Africanoxys) pearsi (Baylis, 1928) was described from an African squirrel, Heliosciurus rufobrachium (Waterhouse), in Nigeria. This species is re-described from specimens collected in an Heliosciurus gambianus (Ogilby) captured in Zaire. The morphological and biological characteristics of the subgenus Africanoxys Hugot, 1981 are discussed. The subgenus Africanoxys is specific to African rain forest squirrels and, based upon the lengths of the spicule and gubernaculum, two different groups can be distinguished in this subgenus. The first group is parasitic in the Funambulini and the second one is parasitic in the Protoxerini and in Aethosciurus poensis (A. Smith). Although the taxonomic status of genus Aethosciurus is controversial, Parasitology allows us to relate Aethosciurus to the Protoxerini rather than to the Funambulini.

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Etude morphologique de Syphatineria pearsi (Baylis, 1928) (Oxyuridae, Nematoda)

Résumé Syphatineria (Africanoxys) pearsi (Baylis, 1928), un oxyure décrit chez un écureuil africain, Heliosciurus rufobrachium (Waterhouse), au Nigéria, est redécrit à partir d'un matériel collecté chez un Heliosciurus gambianus (Ogilby), capturé au Zaire. Les caractéristiques du sous-genre Africanoxys Hugot, 1981 sont ensuite discutées. Le sous-genre Africanoxys est spécifique des écureuils du bloc forestier congolais. On peut distinguer deux groupes dans le sous-genre d'après la longueur du spicule et celle du gubernaculum. Les parasites du premier groupe ont tous pour hôtes des Funambulini. Les parasites du deuxième groupe ont pour hôtes des Protoxerini et Aethosciurus poensis (A. Smith). La parasitologie apporte donc des arguments à l'hypothèse d'un rapprochement d'Aethosciurus poensis (dont la position systématique est controversée), avec les Protoxerini plutôt qu'avec les Funambulini.

     

Growth patterns of three bivalve species targeted by the Ocean Cockle Fishery,southern New South Wales: Eucrassatella kingicola (Lamarck, 1805); Glycymeris grayana (Dunker, 1857); and Callista (Notocallista) kingii (Gray, 1827)

The Ocean Cockle Fishery is a small fishery in southern New South Wales targeting three bivalve species: Eucrassatella kingicola; Glycymeris grayana; and Callista (Notocallista) kingii. The fishery currently consists of a single licensed fisher harvesting a defined patch of seabed but has been identified as potentially able to support expansion. All target species have unknown population dynamics and life histories, and the degree to which expansion can be supported is therefore also unknown. We used internal growth marks in cross sections of shell to determine ages from the commercial catch. The assumption that the alternating bands represent seasonal variations in growth rate was validated by laser ablation induction-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS), a small tag-recapture program and preliminary marginal increment analysis. Mean length-at-age was modelled using the von Bertalanffy growth equation. Callista kingii (L_∞?=?43.8, K?=?0.43) grew substantially faster to a smaller maximum size than E. kingicola (L_∞?=?70.0, K?=?0.18) and G. grayana (L_∞?=?54.3, K?=?0.20). These growth characteristics may explain anecdotal observations that C. kingii has increased in relative abundance in recent catches and is relatively rare in unfished areas while E. kingicola in particular has declined in mean size and abundance.     

A revision of Nereimyra (Psamathini,Hesionidae, Aciculata,Annelida)

Nereimyra Blainville, 1828 (Psamathini, Hesionidae, Aciculata, Annelida) is revised based on examination of all available types and newly collected specimens. We assessed the phylogeny of Nereimyra in an analysis based on cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI), 16S rDNA, 18S rDNA, and 28S rDNA. The genus is delineated to include the three species Nereimyra aphroditoides (Fabricius, 1780), Nereimyra punctata (O.F. Müller, 1776), and Nereimyra woodsholea (Hartman, 1965), which are redescribed. Nereimyra punctata has a characteristic pigmentation, but otherwise there are no clear morphological characters for separating the species. Based on the molecular data we obtained strong support both for the monophyly of Nereimyra and for each of the three included species. Nereimyra punctata and N. woodsholea are sister species, and the Kimura two‐parameter (K2P)‐corrected COI distances between the three species are 16–23%. Syllidia Quatrefages, 1866, is sister group to Nereimyra. Previous uncertainties regarding the type species of the genus are settled to Nereis rosea Fabricius, 1780, junior synonym of N. aphroditoides. A neotype is designated for N. aphroditoides. The distribution of Nereimyra is at present restricted to the Arctic and the boreal parts of the North Atlantic, possibly extending to the Gulf of Mexico on the United States east coast. Records outside this area require verification. Castalia multipapillata Théel, 1879, and Nereimyra alvinae Blake, 1985, are of uncertain affinity and are treated as nomina dubia. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 164 , 36–51.     

Bat ectoparasites (Nycteribiidae,Streblidae, Siphonaptera,Heteroptera, Mesostigmata,Argasidae, and Ixodidae) from Algeria

Twenty two species of ectoparasites (Family Nycteribiidae: Nycteribia (Listropoda) schmidlii schmidlii, Nycteribia (Nycteribia) latreillii, Nycteribia (Nycteribia) pedicularia, Penicillidia (Penicillidia) dufourii, and Phthiridium biarticulatum; Family Streblidae: Brachytarsina (Brachytarsina) flavipennis and Raymondia huberi; Order Siphonaptera: Rhinolophopsylla unipectinata arabs, Nycteridopsylla longiceps, Araeopsylla gestroi, Ischnopsyllus intermedius, and Ischnopsyllus octactenus; Order Heteroptera: Cimex pipistrelli, Cimex lectularius, and Cacodmus vicinus; Class Arachnida: Order Mesostigmata: Spinturnix myoti and Eyndhovenia euryalis; Order Ixodida: Family Argasidae: Argas transgariepinus and Argas vespertilionis; Family Ixodidae: Hyalomma dromedarii, Ixodes ricinus, and Ixodes vespertilionis) were recovered from 19 bat species in Algeria. New host records for bats are recorded for the first time: N. schmidlii from Rh. clivosus and R. cystops; N. latreillii from Rh. blasii and P. gaisleri; R. huberi from Rh. clivosus; C. pipistrelli from E. isabellinus and H. savii; C. vicinus from E. isabellinus; S. myoti from P. gaisleri; E. euryalis from P. gaisleri and Rh. blasii; A. vespertilionis from P. gaisleri; I. ricinus from T. teniotis and Rh. hipposideros and H. dromedarii from P. kuhlii. Raymondia huberi is recorded for the first time from Algeria.     

SPORE MORPHOLOGY OF ANEMIA,MOHRIA, AND CERATOPTERIS (FILICALES)

Spores of the ferns Anemia and Mohria (Schizaeaceae) and Ceratopteris (Pteridaceae) are surveyed with light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In each genus the spores are trilete with radially symmetrical exine sculpture comprising three sets of parallel or near-parallel muri. Anemia has six spore types. One is reticulate (A. wrightii-type), and the other five types have either cicatricose or canaliculate sculpture that reflect a basic form, i.e., three mural sets that have mutual anastomoses in each radial region. The cicatricose A. mexicana- and the canaliculate A. dregeana-types represent the simplest expressions of this pattern. Specializations include cicatricose, auriculate (A. raddiana-type) and canaliculate, ornate (A. oblongifolia-, A. phyllitidis-types). Exine structure is homogeneous or differentially microporate; the enveloping two-layered perine has granulate structure and a granulate to spiculate and/or pitted surface. Mohria spores have a stratified, granulate to rugulose perine and cicatricose exine sculpturing consistent with the A. mexicana-type pattern, but the muri are hollow. The canaliculate spores of Ceratopteris differ from those of Anemia and Mohria in that the three mural sets are discrete and separated from each other by a stria in each radial region; exine structure is homogeneous and the thin perine is granulate. Within Anemia the A. raddiana-type is exclusive to subgen. Coptophyllum and the A. oblongifolia- and A. phyllitidis-types to subgen. Anemia. Three spore types are shared by two subgenera; i.e., A. wrightii- and A. mexicana-types in Coptophyllum and Anemirhiza, and the A. dregeana-type in Anemirhiza and Anemia. Spore polymorphism is indicated in several species of subgen. Anemia, and smooth immature spores are recorded from all three subgenera.     

Lorilichus,a new genus of feather mites (Acarina,Pterolichidae) from lories and lorikeets (Aves,Psittacidae)

Lorilichus n. g. (Pterolichidae, Pterolichinae) is restricted to the Indo-Australian parrots of the family Loriidae. Assigned to this new genus are Pterolichus (Pseudalloptes) species described by Trouessart in 1884, namely, lobiger (type-species), delibativentris, discifer, cultriventris, emargiventris and securiventris. The first three named species are illustrated and two new species, parvifolius and grandifolius, are described: the five species are from Lorius domicellus (L.).     

Biodiversity of Klebsormidium (Streptophyta) from alpine biological soil crusts (Alps,Tyrol, Austria,and Italy)

Forty Klebsormidium strains isolated from soil crusts of mountain regions (Alps, 600–3,000 m elevation) were analyzed. The molecular phylogeny (internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequences) showed that these strains belong to clades B/C, D, E, and F. Seven main (K. flaccidum, K. elegans, K. crenulatum, K. dissectum, K. nitens, K. subtile, and K. fluitans) and four transitional morphotypes (K. cf. flaccidum, K. cf. nitens, K. cf. subtile, and K. cf. fluitans) were identified. Most strains belong to clade E, which includes isolates that prefer humid conditions. One representative of the xerophytic lineage (clade F) as well as few isolates characteristic of temperate conditions (clades B/C, D) were found. Most strains of clade E were isolated from low/middle elevations (<1,800 m above sea level; a.s.l.) in the pine‐forest zone. Strains of clades B/C, D, and F occurred sporadically at higher elevations (1,548–2,843 m a.s.l.), mostly under xerophytic conditions of alpine meadows. Comparison of the alpine Klebsormidium assemblage with data from other biogeographic regions indicated similarity with soil crusts/biofilms from terrestrial habitats in mixed forest in Western Europe, North America, and Asia, as well as walls of buildings in Western European cities. The alpine assemblage differed substantially from crusts from granite outcrops and sand dunes in Eastern Europe (Ukraine), and fundamentally from soil crusts in South African drylands. Epitypification of the known species K. flaccidum, K. crenulatum, K. subtile, K. nitens, K. dissectum, K. fluitans, K. mucosum, and K. elegans is proposed to establish taxonomic names and type material as an aid for practical studies on these algae, as well as for unambiguous identification of alpine strains. New combination Klebsormidium subtile (Kützing) Mikhailyuk, Glaser, Holzinger et Karsten comb. nov. is made.     

Phylogenetic systematics of Archembiidae (Embiidina, Insecta)

Abstract. A cladistic analysis of the American genera of Embiidae is presented, using fifty‐seven representative taxa and ninety‐four morphological characters. The results support the elevation (and significant re‐delimitation) of the subfamily Archembiinae to family level; as delimited here, Archembiidae, revised status, includes the genera Ecuadembia n.gen., Calamoclostes Enderlein, Archembia Ross, Embolyntha Davis, Xiphosembia Ross, Ochrembia Ross, Dolonembia Ross, Conicercembia Ross, Neorhagadochir Ross, Pachylembia Ross, Rhagadochir Enderlein, Litosembia Ross, Navasiella Davis, Ambonembia Ross, Malacosembia Ross, Biguembia Szumik, Gibocercus Szumik and Pararhagadochir Davis. The results also indicate that some genera recently proposed are unjustified and therefore they are synonymized: Argocercembia Ross (a junior synonym of Embolyntha), Brachypterembia Ross (Neorhagadochir), Scelembia Ross (Rhagadochir), Ischnosembia Ross (Ambonembia) and Aphanembia Ross (Biguembia); all new synonymy. The new genus Ecuadembia is described (type species Archembia arida Ross). Ischnosembia surinamensis (Ross) is returned to the genus Pararhagadochir. The following species synonymies are established: Archembia lacombea Ross 1971 = Archembia kotzbaueri (Navas 1925), Archembia peruviana Ross 2001 = Archembia batesi (MacLachlan 1877), and Conicercembia septentrionalis (Mariño & Márquez 1988) = Conicercembia tepicensis Ross 1984; all new synonymy. The family Archembiidae, and all its constituent genera, are diagnosed and described. The genus Microembia Ross (originally described as an Embiidae) is transferred to Anisembiidae. Pachylembiinae, Scelembiinae, and Microembiinae proposed by Ross are unsupported by the present cladistic analysis. 1     

El género Perinereis (Annelida,Polychaeta, Nereidae) en Chile

The present work is a systematic study of the species oí Perinereis in Chile. A new species, P. longidonta n.sp. is described.

The characterizations were based on material collected by the authors (P. falklandica, P. longidonta n.sp., P. nuntia var. vallata) and specimens deposited in the U.S. National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, collected in Easter Island and Juan Fernández archipelago (P. helleri, P. camiguinoides). The characterization of P. pseudocamiguina is taken from the literature, since specimens were not available. P. gualpensis Jeldes 1963 is probably related to P. nuntia var. vallata but it was not possible to compare them due to lack of material.

A key for the 6 valid species of Perinereis in Chile is included: P. camiguinoides, P. falklandica, P. helleri, P. longidonta n.sp., P. nuntia var. vallata, and P. pseudocamiguina.     

Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA,Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada,Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi,Arthrodira)

Two pachyosteomorph arthrodires are described from the Upper Devonian of North America, Dunkleosteus raveri sp. nov. and Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus sp. nov. (from the Appalachian and the Michigan basins, respectively). Dunkleosteus raveri sp. nov. is found stratigraphically below the only other species within the Ohio Shale Formation (Famennian), and is characterized by the retention of a primitive dermal ornamentation, and shares with Dunkleosteus terrelli ( Newberry, 1873 ) the possession of articular facets on the parasphenoid. Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus sp. nov. (Kettle Point Formation, Upper Devonian), known only from incomplete nuchal, paranuchal, and parasphenoid plates, also retains dermal tuberculation, and is characterized by tapering articular facets on the parasphenoid. The current study reviews three North American species of Dunkleosteus (Du. terrelli, Du. raveri sp. nov. , and Du. amblyodoratus sp. nov. ). Formerly, two subgroups were recognized within the Dinichthyidae, the terrelli and herzeri groups, which are shown here to be members of distinct clades. Dinichthys herzeri Newberry, 1868 (the namesake member of the herzeri group) is now the sole member of the family Dinichthyidae comb. nov. , and is assigned to the Aspinothoracidi sensu Miles & Dennis, 1979 . Heintzichthys Whitley, 1933 and Gorgonichthys Claypole, 1892 (additional members of the herzeri group) were previously placed among the aspinothoracid arthrodires. Likewise, Holdenius holdeni Dunkle & Bungart, 1942 (the final member of the herzeri group) and Hadrosteus rapax Gross, 1932 are now placed within the Aspinothoracidi. The remaining taxa, formerly assigned to the Dinichthyidae (i.e. Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956 ; Eastmanosteus Obruchev, 1964 ; Golshanichthys Lelièvre, Janvier, & Goujet, 1981 ; and Westralichthys Long, 1987 ), are united within the Dunkleosteidae Stensiö, 1963 . © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 159 , 195–222.     

A revision of the phoretic deutonymphs (hypopi) of the genus Sennertia Oudemans, 1905 (Acari,Astigmata, Chaetodactylidae)

Summary The genus Sennertia Oudemans, 1905 (Acari, Chaetodactylidae) is revised. Up to now, 49 species have been described in this genus, almost all from their hypopial stage. Adults are known only for four species. The adults live in the nests of bees, mainly Xylocopidae, and their heteromorphic deutonymphs ( = hypopi) are phoretic on the bees. The parasitic role of these mites is not known but they probably feed on the bee larvae as do the members of the allied genus Chaetodactylus wich are parasitic in the nests of Megachilidae. The holotypes or lectotypes of 35 species have been examined and most of them are redescribed and redepicted. Four species have been placed in synonymy: S. moandensis Fain, 1971 with S. morstatti Vitzthum, 1914; S. xylocopae (Donnadieu, 1868) with S. cerambycina (Scopoli, 1763); S. sumatrensis Oudemans, 1924 with S. horrida (Vitzthum, 1912); S. donaldi Turk, 1948 with S. argentina Vitzthum, 1941. The genus Sennertia is redefined from the hypopial stage and four new subgenera (Afrosennertia, Asiosennertia, Amsennertia and Spinosennertia) and two new species S. (Asiosennertia) vitzthumi and S. (Asiosennertia delfinadoae) are described. A key to the species is given. ac]19810331     

Revision of the Genus BosminaBAIRD, 1845 (Crustacea,Cladocera)

The genus Bosmina can be differentiated into four subgenera: 1. Bosmina s. str. BAIRD , 1845, 2. Eubosmina SELIGO , 1900, 3. Neobosmina LIEDER , 1957, and 4. Sinobosmina LIEDER , 1957. Subgeneric discrimination is based upon several features of the females (postabdominal claw, serration of the mucro, patterns of the lateral head pores) and, mainly, upon certain differences in the morphology of the male (postabdomen and, according to LILLJEBORG 1900, BURCKHARDT 1924 and KOŘINEK 1971, the first leg). The distribution of the Bosmina subgenera throughout the world varies: Bosmina s. str. is distributed worldwide (except for Australia?), Eubosmina is holarctic, Neobosmina has been found in Africa, the neotropical zone, Australia and Oceania, and Sinobosmina occurs in East and South-East Asia.     

CHROMOSOME CYTOLOGY OF EUCHARIS,CALIPHRURIA, AND URCEOLINA (AMARYLLIDACEAE)

Karyotypes are presented for 19 taxa of Eucharis, Caliphruria, and Urceolina, a monophyletic group of Andean Amaryllidaceae within “infrafamily” Pancratioidinae Traub. All three genera are characterized by 2n = 46, the most common somatic number occurring in the “infrafamily.” Incidences of polyploidy are low. Only two tetraploid (2n = 92) species of Eucharis are so far known, E. bouchei and E. bonplandii, the northernmost species of E. subg. Eucharis. The 2n = 68 karyotype of E. amazonica is interpreted as triploid-derived (3x – 1). Chromosomal heteromorphism is reported for C. subedentata. Karyotype data is analyzed with principal component analysis and unweighted pairgroup cluster analysis. In a number of cases, phenetic relationships among the karyotypes correlate with phenetic and cladistic relationships based on morphological data. Karyotype evolution among the three genera is discussed in the context of classical theories of karyotypic symmetry. Stability of chromosome number in Eucharis and related genera suggests that chromosomal evolution has proceeded via nonreciprocal interchanges between chromosomes and infrachromosomal structural change. In at least one case (E. bakeriana), rapid sympatric speciation may have been vectored by chromosomal change.     

Growth,Reproduction and Condition of Roach (Rutilus rutilus (L.)), Perch (Perca fluviatilis,L.) and Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.)) in Eutrophic Lake Aydat (France)

The growth, reproduction and condition of adults of the three dominant fish species (roach, Rutilus rutilus, (L.); perch, Perca fluviatilis, L. and ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus, (L.)) in the eutrophic Lake Aydat were studied over one year cycle. Compared to published data, the growth of R. rutilus and G. cernuus was about average, while that of P. fluviatilis was below average. Comparing to literature, the fecundity of R. rutilus and G. cernuus was low but their oocytes were large. In contrast, P. fluviatilis had a high fecundity but small oocytes. At the end of summer, an abrupt decrease in the condition was recorded only for perch, probably due to stress as a result of environmental conditions. The sex-ratio was in favour of females for the three studied species but, in contrast to G. cernuus, the sex-ratio of R. rutilus and P. fluviatilis increased significantly also with age. It is concluded that Lake Aydat is a more favourable environment for R. rutilus and G. cernuus than for P. fluviatilis.     

New Family,Genus, and Species of Microsporida (Protozoa: Microsporida) from the Tropical Fire Ant,Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius) (Insecta: Formicidae)*

SYNOPSIS. A new species of Microsporida, Burenella dimorpha sp. n., representing a new family, Burenellidae fam. n. and genus, is described on the basis of light- and electron-microscope observations. The family is characterized by 2 sequences of sporogony, each sequence having morphologically different sporonts and spores. The parasite infects the tropical fire ant, Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius), producing distinct pathologic manifestations (clearing of the cuticle and eye malformation) and death in the pupal stage of development. Transmission of the infection per os to healthy S. geminata, to the Southern fire ant, Solenopsis xyloni McCook, and to the red and black imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren and Solenopsis richteri Forel, is reported.