The Larva of Hydropsyche tabacarui Botosaneanu, 1960 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), Including a Re-description of the Female

The larva of Hydropsyche tabacarui Botosaneanu, 1960 is described and compared with the morphologically very similar larva of H. tibialis McLachlan, 1884. Information for the identification of both species is given and some zoogeographical and ecological notes are presented. In addition, the female of H. tabacarui is re-described.     

Pheromone glands of microcaddisflies, (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae)

Previously unreported structures found on the head and thorax of several species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) are described. Depending on the species, these presumptive pheromone-producing glands are found either (1) on the basal segment of the antenna, (2) on movable and immovable occipital sclerites, (3) as eversible organs from the occipital area of the head, or (4) on structures which are attached near the bases of the front wings.     

The genus Rhyacophila Pictet, 1834 (Insecta: Trichoptera) in Kosovo

The Balkan Peninsula is known for its high species diversity, but it is also one of the least known areas of Europe. Many previously inaccessible regions lack reliable faunistic records. There are especially few data available for the highly diverse aquatic insects of the region. To help fill the gap, we conducted an extensive survey to map the Trichoptera fauna of the Republic of Kosovo, an area where faunistic records are extremely scarce. Adult specimens were collected during 2009 and 2010, with light traps and entomologic nets. Of 84 Trichoptera species identified from the 21 investigated stations, 15 belong to the genus Rhyacophila. This makes the genus the most species-rich in Kosovo. Rhyacophila fasciata and R. tristis are widespread in many streams and rivers all over the country, while R. balcanica, R. trescavicensis, R. obtusa and R. bosnica have limited distribution. Ten Rhyacophila species presented in this paper are recorded for the first time on the area of Kosovo. We also provide new data for the disjunctive distribution of R. palmeni in south-eastern Europe, from Kosovo and Croatia.     

Phylogeny of caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera)

Trichoptera are holometabolous insects with aquatic larvae that, together with the Lepidoptera, comprise the Amphiesmenoptera. Previous phylogenetic hypotheses and progress on our ongoing data collection are summarized. Fragments of the large and small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNAs (D1, D3, V4–5), the nuclear elongation factor 1 alpha gene and a fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) were sequenced, and molecular data were combined with previously published morphological data. Equally and differentially weighted parsimony analyses were conducted in order to present a phylogeny of Trichoptera, including 43 of 45 families. Our phylogeny closely resembles that proposed by Herbert Ross with respect to the relationships among suborders, with a monophyletic Annulipalpia at the base of the tree, and a clade consisting of Spicipalpia plus a monophyletic Integripalpia. The monophyly of Spicipalpia is weakly supported in the combined equally weighted analysis, and Spicipalpia is paraphyletic in the differentially weighted analysis. Within Integripalpia, our phylogeny recovered monophyletic Plenitentoria, Brevitentoria and Sericostomatoidea. Leptoceroidea was unresolved in the equally weighted analysis and monophyletic in the differentially weighted analysis. Within Annulipalpia, we recovered a basal but paraphyletic Philopotamoidea and a monophyletic Hydropsychoidea.     

The New Zealand Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera)

Two new species of the genus Paroxyethira are described and figured. The females of the four other New Zealand Hydroptilidae are redescribed and illustrated, and a new key to the species is given. Taxonomic differences between the larvae and pupae are discussed.     

The chromosomes of the caddis-fly,Glyphotaelius pellucidus (Retzius, 1783) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae,limnephilinae)

The chromosome number in the caddis-fly,Glyphotaelius pellucidus (Retz.) is: 2n =60, =59; n =30, =29, 30. The sex determining mechanism is XX-XO, the female being the heterogametic sex. The sex element is heteropycnotic at oogonial prometaphase and at oocyte pachytene. There are no chiasmata at oocyte diakinesis, whereas one or two of these occur per bivalent in the male. The smallest bivalent has a delayed pairing at spermatocyte diakinesis.     

The Larva of Beraea dira McLachlan, 1875 (Trichoptera,Beraeidae)

The larva of Beraea dira McLachlan, 1875 is described. An attempt is made to include the larva of Beraea dira in an existing key for larvae of Trichoptera published by Waringer and Graf (1997). Some taxonomical, zoogeographical and ecological notes on this species are included.     

Philopotaminae of Madagascar (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae)

The Malagasy fauna includes two genera of Philopotaminae: Wormaldia McLachlan 1865 and an endemic new genus, Ranarijaodes n. gen. The Malagasy and African (sensu stricto) lineages of Wormaldia are distinct. Apomorphic characters (the shape of the phallic apparatus for the African species and the splitting of the median lobe of the tenth tergite for the Malagasy species) confirm their separation. New captures are reported for two of the four previously known species of Wormaldia. Seven new species are described: Wormaldia ambahibeae n. sp., W. faharoa n. sp., W. fahatelo n. sp., W. randriamasimananai n. sp., W. fahefatra n. sp., W. legrandi n. sp. and W. fahadimy n. sp. Ranarijaodes n. gen. is close to Dolophilodes Ulmer 1909. It is described for the three new species Ranarijaodes fiana n. sp., R. angapi n. sp. and R. atsimo n. sp. The 14 Malagasy species of Philopotaminae are endemics of the island. Their geographical distributions and ecological preferences are described and discussed.     

The larva of Oecetis tripunctata (Fabricius, 1793) (Trichoptera,Leptoceridae)

Oecetis tripunctata is a widely distributed leptocerid in Europe, ranging from the Iberian and Apennine peninsulas and the Central and Western European highlands to the plains of Eastern Europe. The long, single-bladed mandibles are indicative for a predacious lifestyle. This paper describes the previously unknown larva of Oecetis tripunctata. Information on the morphology of the 5th larval instar is given, and the most important diagnostic features are illustrated. A synoptic key for the European species of Oecetis is also provided. In the context of existing identification keys the larva of Oecetis tripunctata keys together with Oecetis intima and Oecetis notata. Oecetis tripunctata is separated from the other two species by the fact that a double row of long setal fringes is lacking at the hind tibiae and that several long setae are present on the protrochantinus.     

The Genus Rhyacophila Pictet (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) in Vietnam

Currently, 20 species of the genus Rhyacophila are known from Vietnam. Of these, 17 species are distributed among eight species groups, with three species unassigned. Examination of material collected by personnel of the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Canada has revealed six new species and five new records of Rhyacophila from Vietnam, distributed among six species groups, four of which are new to Vietnam. Newly described species include: Rhyacophila smithi, Rh. curriei, Rh. laocai, Rh. meyi, Rh. olahi, and Rh. fernandi. Rhyacophila bidens Kimmins, Rh. inaequalis Denning and Schmid, Rh. lhabu Schmid, Rh. malayana Banks, and Rh. rhombica Martynov are recorded from Vietnam for the first time. The females of four species, Rh. bidens, Rh. immaculata Mey, Rh. malayana Banks, and Rh. tamdaona Oláh, are described for the first time. All 31 species of Rhyacophila now known from Vietnam are included in this work, organized by branch and species group.     

Molecular phylogeny of Himalopsyche (Trichoptera,Rhyacophilidae)

Species of the genus Himalopsyche (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae) inhabit alpine to montane environments in Central and East Asia and North America. Diversity of the genus is concentrated primarily in the Himalayas and surrounding mountain ranges. Phylogenetic hypotheses have hitherto been proposed based on morphological data. Here, we present the first molecular phylogeny of Himalopsyche based on six gene fragments, using three methods of phylogenetic inference. Based on the phylogenetic analyses, we re‐evaluated species groups suggested by previous authors based on adult male morphology. We found that the previously defined groups are largely supported by molecular evidence as well as larval and adult morphology. However, we modify the species groups so that Himalopsyche phryganea and Himalopsyche lepcha constitute monotypic groups, and so that the tibetana group and anomala group sensu Schmid & Botosaneanu are merged to a single group, here defined as the tibetana group. Thus, we propose that Himalopsyche can be divided into five groups: kuldschensis group, lepcha group, navasi group, phryganea group, and tibetana group. We also provide a biogeographic synthesis of Himalopsyche distributions.     

The identification of British limnephilid larvae (Trichoptera)

Fifty–six species of Limnephilidae have been recorded from Britain. Larvae of forty–three species were collected, and the identities of forty–two were confirmed by direct association of individual larvae with their resultant adult stage. Information was obtained on the larvae of twelve more species, leaving the larva of only onespecies, Limnephilus fuscinervis, unknown. A key is provided to the fifth instar larvae of fifty–four species. Limnephilus nigriceps is omitted from the keydue to lack of information. The terminology of morphological characters is reviewed.     

The Micro-caddisflies of Lord Howe Island (Hydroptilidae: Trichoptera: Insecta)

Hydroptilid species are described from Lord Howe Island for the first time. All four species are in the endemic Australian genus Orphninotrichia, and all are endemic to Lord Howe Island. Modifications exhibited by these new species to the normally conservative Orphninotrichia features are suggestive of sympatric speciation and, for several, of a shift in larval niche.     

The taxonomy of the British Hydropsychidae (Trichoptera)

Eleven species of British Hydropsychidae are listed and characterised. The name H.siltalai Döhler 1963 is introduced and the identity of H.insta-bilis and H.fuhipes is discussed. A key to the adult males is given together with a key to the larvae with the exceptions of H.saxonica, H.exocellata, H.guttata. Notes on the distribution of the species are included.     

Phylogeny of the Ecnomidae (Insecta: Trichoptera)

Ecnomidae are a family of seven previously accepted extant genera having a typical Gondwanan distribution, except one genus ( Ecnomus ) being widely distributed also in the Oriental and Palearctic regions. We analysed a molecular data set of 3379 characters representing the sum of four different protein-coding genes (COI, CAD, EF-1a and POL-II). Six equally most parsimonious trees were generated from the combined data set, distributed into two distinct islands. In all maximum parsimony (MP) trees the Ecnomidae is monophyletic when the genus Zelandoptila (Psychomyiidae) is included. The sister group to Ecnomidae including Zelandoptila is Pseudoneureclipsis , previously classified in the other families. This sister-group relationship contradicts earlier findings that the Polycentropodidae are the sister group to Ecnomidae. A Bayesian analysis resulted in a monophyletic Ecnomidae when accepting inclusion of Pseudoneureclipsis , which contradicts the results from the MP analysis by leaving Zelandoptila as the sister group to Ecnomidae including Pseudoneureclipsis . In the majority rule tree from this analysis Polycentropodidae form the sister group to Ecnomidae. We were not able to obtain a monophyletic Ecnomus due to the inclusion of Psychomyillodes . We conclude that the genus Zelandoptila or Pseudoneureclipsis probably belongs to the Ecnomidae, and that Psychomyiellodes and Ecnomus are synonyms. Three additional, as yet undescribed monotypic genera from Australia and New Caledonia remain to be erected in Ecnomidae.
© The Willi Hennig Society 2009.