The Larva of Hydropsyche tabacarui Botosaneanu, 1960 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), Including a Re-description of the Female

The larva of Hydropsyche tabacarui Botosaneanu, 1960 is described and compared with the morphologically very similar larva of H. tibialis McLachlan, 1884. Information for the identification of both species is given and some zoogeographical and ecological notes are presented. In addition, the female of H. tabacarui is re-described.     

Pheromone glands of microcaddisflies, (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae)

Previously unreported structures found on the head and thorax of several species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) are described. Depending on the species, these presumptive pheromone-producing glands are found either (1) on the basal segment of the antenna, (2) on movable and immovable occipital sclerites, (3) as eversible organs from the occipital area of the head, or (4) on structures which are attached near the bases of the front wings.     

The genus Rhyacophila Pictet, 1834 (Insecta: Trichoptera) in Kosovo

The Balkan Peninsula is known for its high species diversity, but it is also one of the least known areas of Europe. Many previously inaccessible regions lack reliable faunistic records. There are especially few data available for the highly diverse aquatic insects of the region. To help fill the gap, we conducted an extensive survey to map the Trichoptera fauna of the Republic of Kosovo, an area where faunistic records are extremely scarce. Adult specimens were collected during 2009 and 2010, with light traps and entomologic nets. Of 84 Trichoptera species identified from the 21 investigated stations, 15 belong to the genus Rhyacophila. This makes the genus the most species-rich in Kosovo. Rhyacophila fasciata and R. tristis are widespread in many streams and rivers all over the country, while R. balcanica, R. trescavicensis, R. obtusa and R. bosnica have limited distribution. Ten Rhyacophila species presented in this paper are recorded for the first time on the area of Kosovo. We also provide new data for the disjunctive distribution of R. palmeni in south-eastern Europe, from Kosovo and Croatia.     

The New Zealand Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera)

Two new species of the genus Paroxyethira are described and figured. The females of the four other New Zealand Hydroptilidae are redescribed and illustrated, and a new key to the species is given. Taxonomic differences between the larvae and pupae are discussed.     

The larva of Oecetis tripunctata (Fabricius, 1793) (Trichoptera,Leptoceridae)

Oecetistripunctata is a widely distributed leptocerid in Europe, ranging from the Iberian and Apennine peninsulas and the Central and Western European highlands to the plains of Eastern Europe. The long, single-bladed mandibles are indicative for a predacious lifestyle. This paper describes the previously unknown larva of Oecetistripunctata. Information on the morphology of the 5th larval instar is given, and the most important diagnostic features are illustrated. A synoptic key for the European species of Oecetis is also provided. In the context of existing identification keys the larva of Oecetistripunctata keys together with Oecetisintima and Oecetisnotata. Oecetistripunctata is separated from the other two species by the fact that a double row of long setal fringes is lacking at the hind tibiae and that several long setae are present on the protrochantinus.     

The Genus Rhyacophila Pictet (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) in Vietnam

Currently, 20 species of the genus Rhyacophila are known from Vietnam. Of these, 17 species are distributed among eight species groups, with three species unassigned. Examination of material collected by personnel of the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Canada has revealed six new species and five new records of Rhyacophila from Vietnam, distributed among six species groups, four of which are new to Vietnam. Newly described species include: Rhyacophila smithi, Rh. curriei, Rh. laocai, Rh. meyi, Rh. olahi, and Rh. fernandi. Rhyacophila bidens Kimmins, Rh. inaequalis Denning and Schmid, Rh. lhabu Schmid, Rh. malayana Banks, and Rh. rhombica Martynov are recorded from Vietnam for the first time. The females of four species, Rh. bidens, Rh. immaculata Mey, Rh. malayana Banks, and Rh. tamdaona Oláh, are described for the first time. All 31 species of Rhyacophila now known from Vietnam are included in this work, organized by branch and species group.     

The identification of British limnephilid larvae (Trichoptera)

Fifty–six species of Limnephilidae have been recorded from Britain. Larvae of forty–three species were collected, and the identities of forty–two were confirmed by direct association of individual larvae with their resultant adult stage. Information was obtained on the larvae of twelve more species, leaving the larva of only onespecies, Limnephilus fuscinervis, unknown. A key is provided to the fifth instar larvae of fifty–four species. Limnephilus nigriceps is omitted from the keydue to lack of information. The terminology of morphological characters is reviewed.     

The taxonomy of the British Hydropsychidae (Trichoptera)

Eleven species of British Hydropsychidae are listed and characterised. The name H.siltalai Döhler 1963 is introduced and the identity of H.insta-bilis and H.fuhipes is discussed. A key to the adult males is given together with a key to the larvae with the exceptions of H.saxonica, H.exocellata, H.guttata. Notes on the distribution of the species are included.     

The identity of Lithophytum (Loganiaceae,Plocospermeae)

Lithophytum, assigned by different workers to Solanaceae, Verbenaceae, and Hydrophyllaceae, is shown to be congeneric with Plocosperma Benth., variously referred to Loganiaceae, Apocynaceae, and Plocospermaceae.     

The response of Melampophylax mucoreus (Hagen) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) to rapid sedimentation

The larvae of Melampophylax mucoreus were buried with either 5 mm or 10 mm of four sediment size classes and their response recorded. The majority of individuals (63.8%) were able to extract themselves from the sediment within the 900 second (15 minute) experimental period. Body length was significantly greater in those larvae which excavated themselves compared to those that did not. Sedimentation/burial with finer sediment size classes to a greater depth significantly increased the escape time of larvae. The results are discussed in relation to the impact of sedimentation on larval trichopterans and other benthic organisms.     

New Neotropical species of Chimarra (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae)

Ten new Neotropical species of Chimarra are described in the subgenera Chimarra, Chimarrita, and Otarrha. New species in the subgenus Chimarra include, in the Chimarra ortiziana group: Chimarra calorisp. n. (southeastern Brazil) and Chimarra onchyrhinasp. n. (Venezuela); in the Chimarra picea group: Chimarra inchoatasp. n. (Venezuela), Chimarra nicehuhsp. n. (Venezuela), and Chimarra sunimasp. n. (Colombia); and in the Chimarra poolei group: Chimarra caucasp. n. (Colombia) and Chimarra desiraesp. n. (Bolivia). New species in the subgenus Chimarrita include, in the Chimarra simpliciforma group: Chimarra curvipenissp. n. (SE Brazil) and Chimarra latiforcepssp. n. (SE Brazil). A single new species in the subgenus Otarrha is also described: Chimarra soroasp. n. (Cuba). Males and females for all of the new species are illustrated, except for Chimarra desirae, for which female specimens were unavailable. Additionally, the female of Chimarra (Chimarrita) camella, which was previously unknown, is illustrated.     

The diet activity patterns of caddis larvae (Trichoptera)

Larvae of Potamophylax cingulmus (Stephens), Drusus annulatus Stephens, and Odontocerum albicorne (Scopoli) showed a nocturnal periodicity in their activity pattern, whereas larvae of Anabolia nervosa (Curtis) showed a diurnal periodicity. Both periodicities appeared to be controlled solely exogenously—by a direct response to current light intensity.     

Wing-scales of Pseudoleptocerus chirindensis Kimmins (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)

The African species Pseudoleptocerus chirindensis belongs to a small group of Trichoptera most unusual in having scaly wings. Electron microscope studies reveal 13 structurally distinct kinds of cuticular process on the wings, including several types of squamiform and hair-like macrotrichia. These are described in detail and their possible functions inferred. The optical properties of the scales forming the colour pattern of the forewings are related to ultrastructural elements including diffraction and thin film interference systems. Trirhopteran scale structure is compared with that of the Lepidoptera, the sister-group in the Amphiesmenoptera. Differences are found and it is tentatively concluded that wing-scales have evolved independently in the two orders.     

The first European Apataniana (Trichoptera,Limnephilidae): Apataniana hellenica sp.n,from Greece

Apatanian hellenica sp.u., the first European representative of this genus, is described from Greece.     

Systematics of Chimarrita, a new subgenus of Chimarra (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae)

The subgenus Chimarrita of the genus Chimarra is erected to include three described species, formerly placed in the subgenus Chimarra , and fifteen new species, all with distributions in the Greater Antilles or South America. A phylogeny for the species in the subgenus, and characters supporting monophyly of the subgenus Chimarrita , are proposed, as well as evidence for the monophyly of the subgenera Chimarra and Curgia . Keys are provided for the males and known females of the subgenus. Described species transferred to this subgenus are Chimarra simpliciforma Flint, Chimarra rosalesi Flint, and Chimarra maldonadoi Flint. Chimarra simpliciforma is designated the type species for the subgenus. New species in Chimarra ( Chimarrita ) described in this paper include: Chimarra akantha (Brazil), C . camella (Brazil), C . camura (Brazil), C . chela (Venezuela), C . forcipata (Venezuela), C . heligma (Brazil), C . heppneri (Peru), C . kontilos (Brazil), C . majuscula (Brazil), C . merengue (Dominican Republic), C . neblina (Venezuela), C . prolata (Ecuador), C . pusilla (Venezuela), C . tortuosa (Brazil), and C . xingu (Brazil).