Chromosome numbers of Costa Rican grasses

Chromosome counts are presented for 217 species of 103 genera of grasses from Costa Rica. Four of the genera and 90 of the species are reported for the first time. In addition, 26 counts differ from previous records for the same taxon. The generaGynerium, Lithachne, Luziola, andThrasya were heretofore unknown cytologically. First counts are also given for the following species:Agrostis bacillata, A. pittieri, A. sub patens, Andropogon angustatus, A. bicornis, A. virgatus, Aristida capillacea, A. jorullensis, Arundinella berteroniana, A. deppeana, Axonopus aureus, A. capillaris, A. chrysoblepharis, Bouteloua americana, B. disticha, Bromus exaltatus, Calamagrostis intermedia, C. nuda, C. pittieri, Chusquea lehmannii, C. tonduzii, Cinna poaeformis, Deschampsia pringlei, Digitaria panicea, Echinochloa polystachya, Echinolaena gracilis, Eragrostis simplicijlora, Eriochloa distachya, E. polystachya, Eriochrysis cayennensis, Festuca dolichophylla, Gymnopogon fastigiatus, Gynerium sagittatum, Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Imperata contracta, Isachne polygonoides, Ischaemum latijolium, Lithachne pauciflora, Luziola fragilis, Manisuris aurita, Panicum aquaticum, P. arundinariae, P. boliviense, P. cordovense, P. grande, P. haenkeanum, P. milleflorum, P. parviglume, P. pilosum, P. polygonatum, P. rudgei, P. stenodes, P. trichanthum, P. trichoides, P. viscidellum, Paspalum candidum, P. centrale, P. decumbens, P. fasciculatum, P. jimenezii, P. microstachyum, P. multicaule, P. nutans, P. parviflorum, P. pilosum, P. prostratum, P. pumilum, P. reclinatum, P. saccharoides, P. scabrum, P. serratum, P. squamulatum, P. standleyi, Pennisetum bambusiforme, P. distachyum, Pereilema beyrichianum, Pharus parvifolius, Sacciolepis myuros, Schizachyrium condensatum, Sorghastrum incompletum, Sporobolus ciliatus, S. purpurascens, Streptochaeta sodiroana, Thrasya gracilis, T. petrosa, T. robusta, Trisetum pringlei, T. tonduzii, Uniola pittieri, and Zeugites pittieri. In addition, the following counts are different from previous records for the same taxon:Aegopogon cenchroides, Axonopus poiophyllus, Bouteloua media, Brachiaria plantaginea, Chusquea subtessellata, Digitaria adscendens, Homolepis aturensis, Hymenachne donacifolia, Ichnanthus axillaris, I. pallens, I. tenuis, Ischaemum ciliare, Ixophorus unisetus, Oplismenus burmannii, O. hirtellus, Panicum geminatum, P. glutinosum, P. mertensii, P. parvifolium, P. sellowii, Paspalum convexum, Pennisetum nervosum, P. setosum, Polypogon elongalus, Raddia costaricensis, Schizachyrium hirtijlorum.     

Syllidae (Polychaeta) from Thalassia testudinum beds at Morrocoy National Park (Venezuela)

A total of 40 species of syllids (Polychaeta: Syllidae) inhabiting Thalassia testudinum beds in Morrocoy National Park, Venezuela, belonging to 13 genera, are reported; 36 species are new for Venezuela: Branchiosyllis exilis, B. oculata, Eusyllis lamelligera, Exogone arenosa, E. breviantennata, E. naidinoides, E. naidina, E. parahomoseta mediterranea, Grubeosyllis clavata, G. heterocirra, Odontosyllis detecta, O. enopla, O. gibba, Opisthosyllis brunnea, Plakosyllis brevipes, Sphaerosyllis bilobata, S. glandulata, S. magnidentata, S. piriferopsis, S. riseri, S. longilamina, S. taylori, Syllis alosae, Syllis riojai, n. comb., S. beneliahui, S. broomensis, S. cornuta, S. corallicola, S. garciai, S. hyalina, S. lutea, S. mexicana, S. prolifera, S. sardai and Xenosyllis scabra.     

Illustrated keys to the anopheline mosquitoes of Myanmar.

In the newly revised and illustrated keys to 4th instar larvae and adult female mosquitoes, the following 36 Anopheles species from Myanmar are included: Anopheles aconitus, An. aitkenii, An. annularis, An. argyropus, An. barbirostris, An. bengalensis, An. culicifacies, An. dirus, An. fluviatilis, An. gigas, An. insulaeflorum, An. jamesii, An. jeyporensis, An. karwari, An. kochi, An. kyondawensis, An. lindesayi, An. maculatus, An. majidi, An. minimus, An. nigerrimus, An. nitidus, An. pallidus, An. peditaeniatus, An. philippinensis, An. pseudojamesii, An. sinensis, An. splendidus, An. stephensi, An. subpictus, An. sundaicus, An. tessellatus, An. theobaldi, An. vagus, An. varuna, and An. willmori. The new keys presented in this paper will enable public health workers to rapidly identify mosquito vectors of malaria and to distinguish them from other species in the same genera.     

Erhardorina n. g., Ascogregarina polynesiensis n. sp., Eimeria golemanskii n. sp., Isospora tamariscini n. sp., Gregarina kazumii n. nom., new combinations and emendations in the names of apicomplexan protozoa

On the basis of a review of the approximately 4300 species of apicomplexan protozoa, the following new species, new names, new combinations, and emendations are given: NEW GENUS, Erhardovina; NEW SPECIES, Ascogregarina polynesiensis, Eimeria golemanskii, Isospora tamariscini; NEW NAME, Gregarina kazumii; NEW COMBINATIONS, Ascogregarina brachyceri (Purrini, 1980), Erhardovina euzeti (Lipa, 1981), E. scutovertexi (Erhardová, 1955), Haemorhormidium batrachi (Chaudhuri & Choudhury, 1983); EMENDATIONS, Selenidium francianum (Arvy, 1952) Tuzet & Ormières, 1965, Pyxinioides bolitoides D. P. Henry, 1938, P. japonicus H. Hoshide, 1951, P. kamenote H. Hoshide, 1951, P. kurofuji H. Hoshide, 1951, P. oshoroensis H. Hoshide, 1951, P. pugetensis D. P. Henry, 1938, Gregarina levinei Haldar & Sarkar, 1980, Retractocephalus halticae Haldar, Chakraborty & Kundu, 1982, Cnemidospora schizophylli Tuzet & Guerin, 1947, Grebneckiella indica (Merton, 1911) Watson, 1916, Quadruspinospora atractomorphae Haldar & Chakraborty, 1978, Haemogregarina acipenseri Nawrotzky, 1914, H. lobianci Yakimov & Kohl-Yakimov, 1912, H. yakimovikohlae Wladimiroff, 1910, Hepatozoon luehi (Sambon, 1909) Pessoa, Cavalheiro & de Souza, 1970, Eimeria beyerae Ovezmukhammedov, 1977, E. (?) gigantea (Labbé, 1896) Reichenow, 1921, E. (?) labbei Hardcastle, 1943, E. rufi Prasad, 1960, E. (?) scylii (Drago, 1902) Levine & Becker, 1933, Isospora corvi Ray, Shivnani, Oommen & Bhaskaran, 1952, I. melopsittaci Bhatia, Chauhan, Arora & Agrawal, 1973, I. seicerci Ray, Shivnani, Oommen & Bhaskaran, 1952, I. stomatici Chakravarty & Kar, 1944, I. triffitae Nukerbaeva & Svanbaev, 1973, Wenyonella mackinnonae Misra, 1947, Octosporella sanguinolentae Ovezmukhammedov, 1975, Lankesterella millani Alvarez Calvo, 1975, Sarcocystis woodhousei Dogel', 1916, Haemoproteus lari Yakunin, 1972, Babesia ninakohlyakimovae (Yakimoff & Shokhor, 1916), Theileria ninakohlyakimovae (Yakimov, 1916) Krylov, 1974, Haemohormidium batrachi (Chaudhuri & Choudhury, 1983).     

广西田东雾云洞更新世脊椎动物群

发现于广西田东雾云洞之脊椎动物化石有9目24科44属种,根据动物群的组成分析并结合地貌特征判断,其时代为中更新世或晚更新世早期。根据动物习性分析,其生存的环境为热带-亚热带温暖湿润的环境。     

A revision of male ants of the Malagasy Amblyoponinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with resurrections of the genera Stigmatomma and Xymmer

In a male-based revision of ants of the subfamily Amblyoponinae from the Southwest Indian Ocean islands (SWIO: Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Reunion, and Seychelles), we explore and reconsider male morphological characters that distinguish genera within the group. Our investigation redefines Amblyopone Erichson sensu Brown (1960), here referred to as Amblyopone sensu lato, into three genera: Xymmer Santschi stat. rev.,Amblyopone sensu stricto, Stigmatomma Roger stat. rev. All species names under Amblyopone s. l. reassign into Xymmer and Amblyopone s. s., which are small, well-defined genera, and Stigmatomma, a large group with a generic delimitation that still needs further refinement. Based on a study of male mandible characters and our scenario for mandibular evolution of the worker caste within Amblyopone s. l, we conclude that Amblyopone s. s. nests outside of XMAS (Xymmer+Mystrium+Adetomyrma+Stigmatomma) clade. The following names are transferred from Amblyopone s. l. to Xymmer as comb. rev.: muticus. The following names are transferred from Amblyopone s. l. to Stigmatomma as comb. rev.: amblyops, armigerum, bellii, bierigi, bruni, celata, chilense, denticulatum, elongatum, emeryi, feae, impressifrons, luzonicum, minuta, normandi, oregonense, pallipes, quadratum, reclinatum, rothneyi, santschii, saundersi, silvestrii, zwaluwenburgi; as comb. nov.: agostii, annae, besucheti, boltoni, caliginosum, cleae, crenatum, degeneratum, egregium, electrinum, eminia, exiguum, falcatum, ferrugineum, fulvidum, gaetulicum, gingivalis, glauerti, gnoma, gracile, groehni, heraldoi, lucidum, lurilabes, monrosi, mystriops, noonadan, octodentatum, ophthalmicum, orizabanum, papuanum, pertinax, pluto, punctulatum, rubiginoum, sakaii, smithi, trigonignathum, trilobum, wilsoni, zaojun, and testaceum. A male-based key to the genera of Malagasy amblyoponine ants, their diagnoses, and a discussion of the evolution of the morphological character of males in the subfamily are given, and the distinguishing characters of each are illustrated. In addition, our results predict that Paraprionopelta belongs in the XMAS clade and that Concoctio should have males with two mandibular teeth.     

竹叶的化学成分研究

测定了角竹、高节竹、五月季竹、早竹、白哺鸡竹、毛金竹6个竹种的竹叶中的化学成份,都含有生物碱、氨基酸、有机酸、鞣质、皂甙、还原糖、蛋白质、甙类、蒽醌、香豆素,甾体等有机物质。其中角竹、五月季竹、早竹、白哺鸡竹和毛金竹的竹叶还含有黄酮体,而在高节竹叶中未检出黄酮体。角竹和早竹的竹叶含有Al、Ba、Zr、Ti、Pb、Sn、Ga、Sr、Fe、Zn、B、Mg、Ca、Mn、Si、Ni、Cu、Co和Ag等19种元素,而在高节竹、五月季竹、白哺鸡竹和毛金竹的竹叶中未检出Co元素,含有18种元素。     

Comparison between two classes of selective EP(3) antagonists and their biological activities

Two different series of very potent and selective EP(3) antagonists have been reported: a novel series of ortho-substituted cinnamic acids [Belley, M., Gallant, M., Roy, B., Houde, K., Lachance, N., Labelle, M., Trimble, L., Chauret, N., Li, C., Sawyer, N., Tremblay, N., Lamontagne, S., Carrière, M.-C., Denis, D., Greig, G. M., Slipetz, D., Metters, K. M., Gordon, R., Chan, C. C., Zamboni, R. J. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.2005, 15, 527] and the acylsulfonamides of ortho-(arylmethyl)cinnamates. [(a) Juteau, H., Gareau, Y., Labelle, M., Sturino, C. F., Sawyer, N., Tremblay, N., Lamontagne, S., Carrière, M.-C., Denis, D., Metters, K. M. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2001, 9, 1977; (b) Juteau, H., Gareau, Y., Labelle, M., Lamontagne, S., Tremblay, N., Carrière, M.-C., Denis, D., Sawyer, N., Metters, K. M. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.2001, 11, 747] The structural differences between the two series, along with their biological activity in vivo, in vitro, and metabolism, are analyzed. Some of those compounds, including hybrids containing the best structural features of both series, possess K(i) as low as 0.6 nM on the EP(3) receptor.     

From genome to drug lead: identification of a small-molecule inhibitor of the SARS virus

Virtual screening, a fast, computational approach to identify drug leads [Perola, E.; Xu, K.; Kollmeyer, T. M.; Kaufmann, S. H.; Prendergast, F. G. J. Med. Chem.2000, 43, 401; Miller, M. A. Nat. Rev. Drug Disc.2002, 1 220], is limited by a known challenge in crystallographically determining flexible regions of proteins. This approach has not been able to identify active inhibitors of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) using solely the crystal structures of a SARS-CoV cysteine proteinase with a flexible loop in the active site [Yang, H. T.; Yang, M. J.; Ding, Y.; Liu, Y. W.; Lou, Z. Y. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.2003, 100, 13190; Jenwitheesuk, E.; Samudrala, R. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.2003, 13, 3989; Rajnarayanan, R. V.; Dakshanamurthy, S.; Pattabiraman, N. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.2004, 321, 370; Du, Q.; Wang, S.; Wei, D.; Sirois, S.; Chou, K. Anal. Biochem.2005, 337, 262; Du, Q.; Wang, S.; Zhu, Y.; Wei, D.; Guo, H. Peptides2004, 25, 1857; Lee, V.; Wittayanarakul, K.; Remsungenen, T.; Parasuk, V.; Sompornpisut, P. Science (Asia)2003, 29, 181; Toney, J.; Navas-Martin, S.; Weiss, S.; Koeller, A. J. Med. Chem.2004, 47, 1079; Zhang, X. W.; Yap, Y. L. Bioorg. Med. Chem.2004, 12, 2517]. This article demonstrates a genome-to-drug-lead approach that uses terascale computing to model flexible regions of proteins, thus permitting the utilization of genetic information to identify drug leads expeditiously. A small-molecule inhibitor of SARS-CoV, exhibiting an effective concentration (EC50) of 23 microM in cell-based assays, was identified through virtual screening against a computer-predicted model of the cysteine proteinase. Screening against two crystal structures of the same proteinase failed to identify the 23-microM inhibitor. This study suggests that terascale computing can complement crystallography, broaden the scope of virtual screening, and accelerate the development of therapeutics to treat emerging infectious diseases such as SARS and Bird Flu.     

Recent ornithological publications

Aspinwall , D.R. & Beel , C. A Field Guide to Zambian Birds not Found in Southern Africa. Beaman , M. & MADGE, S. The Handbook of Bird Identification for Europe and the Western Palearctic. Beletsky , L. The Ecotraveller's Guide to Belize and Northern Guatemala. Bellairs , R. & Osmond , M. The Atlas of Chick Development. 323 + xii pages, 63 figures, 8 tables, 2 appendices. London: Academic Press, 1998. Bibby , C, Jones , M. & Marsden , S. Expedition Field Techniques: Bird Surveys. Byrkjedal , I. & Thompson , D.B.A. Tundra Plovers: the Eurasian, Pacific and American Golden Plovers and Grey Plover. Devort , M. (ed.) The Snipe: Elements of an Action Plan. Erritzoe , J. & Erritzoe , H.B. Pittas of the World. A Monograph on the Pitta Family. Feare , C. & Craig , A. Starlings and Mynas. Frith , C.B. & Beehler , B.M. The Birds of Paradise. Knobil , E. & Neill , J.D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Reproduction. Mc Cullough , D.R. (ed.) Metapopulations and Wildlife Conservation. Meyburg , B.U., Chancellor , R.D. & Ferrero , J.J. (eds) Holarctic Birds of Prey: Proceedings of an International Conference. Mock , D.W. & Parker , G.A. The Evolution of Sibling Rivalry. Morris , P. & Hawkins , F. Birds of Madagascar: a Photographic Guide. Sinclair , I. & Langrand , O. Birds of the Indian Ocean Islands. Murrey , R.D., Holling , M., Dott , H.E.M. & Vandome , P. (eds) The Breeding Birds of South-east Scotland. A Tetrad Atlas 1988–1994. Oatley , T. & Arnott , G. Robins of Africa. Osborne , J. The Ruby-throated Hummingbird. DE LA Peña M.R. & Rumboll , R. Birds of Southern South America and Antarctica. Polhill , R. & Wiens , D. Mistletoes of Africa. Rothstein , S.I. & Robinson , S.K. (eds) Parasitic Birds and Their Hosts: Studies in Coevolution. Schmid , H., Luder , R., Naef -Daenzer , B., Graf , R. & Zbinden . N. Schweizer Brutvogelatlas: Verbreitung der Brutvögel in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein 1993–1996. Atlas des Oiseaux Nicheurs de Suisse: Distribution des Oiseaux Nicheurs en Suisse et au Liechtenstein en 1993–1996. Strads , M. Latvian Countryside Birds. Tennekes , H. The Simple Science of Flight: from Insects to Jumbo Jets. Vaughan , R. Seabird City: a Guide to the Breeding Seabirds of the Flamborough Headlands. Woods , R.W. & Woods , A. Atlas of Breeding Birds of the Falkland Islands. Blokhin , YU.YU. & Mazin , L.N. (eds) Problems of Conservation of Poorly-studied Fauna of the North, Parts 1–2 (in Russian, with English summaries). Bocca , M. & Maffei , G. Gli Uccelli della Valle d'Aosta: Indagine Bibliografica e Dati Inediti. 307 pages, 75 color photos, few black-and-white illustrations and tables. Aosta: Regione Autonoma Valle d'Aosta, 1997 Girard , O. Echassiers, Canards et Limicoles de I'Ouest Africain. [Waterbirds of West Africa]. 136 pages, 22 colour plates, many illustrations, figures, maps. Le Château d'Olonne: Castel Editions, 1998 Ca. Low, R. Hancock House Encyclopedia of the Lories. 432 pages, 140 colour photographs. Surrey, BC: Stagg , A. & Hearl , G. A Birdwatching Guide to Cyprus. 85 pages, colour photographs, maps. Chelmsford: Arlequin, 1998 van Wetten , J.C.J. & Spierenburg , P. (eds) Waders and Waterfowl in the Floodplains of the Logone, Cameroun, January, 1993 . 76 pages, tables, maps. WIWO Report No. 67. Zeist: Working Group International Waterbird & Wetland Research,     

Book reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
BICKEL, P. J. and DOKSUM, K. A. Mathematical Statistics: Basic Ideas and Selected Topics, Volume I, 2nd edition.
BALDI, P. and BRUNAK, S. Bioinformatics: The Machine Learning Approach, 2nd edition.
GATSONIS, C., KASS, R. E., CARLIN, B., CARRIQUIRY, A., GELMAN, A., VERDINELLI, I. and WEST, M. (editors). Case Studies in Bayesian Statistics: Volume V.
LAWSON, A. B. and WILLIAMS, F. L. R. An Introductory Guide to Disease Mapping.
MACLEOD, N. and FOREY, P. L. (editors). Morphology, Shape, and Phylogeny.
FINKELSTEIN, M. O. and LEVIN, B. Statistics for Lawyers, 2nd edition.
ZWILLINGER, D. and KOKOSKA, S. CRC Standard Probability and Statistics Tables and Formulae.
WILSON, R. and CROUCH, E. A. C. Risk-Benefit Analysis.
IBRAHIM, J. G., CHEN, M.-H. and SINHA, D. Bayesian Survival Analysis.     

Book Reviews

McCONWAY, K. J., JONES, M. C., and TAYLOR, P. C. Statistical Modelling using Genstat. SCHINAZI, R. B. Classical and Spatial Point Processes. PERRY, J. E., SMITH, R. H., WOIWOD, I. P., and MORSE, D. R. (editors). Chaos in Real Data: The Analysis of Non‐linear Dynamics from Short Ecological Time Series. BURTON, R. F. Physiology by Numbers, 2nd edition. BERLINER, L. M., NYCHKA, D., and HOAR, T. (editors). Studies in the Atmospheric Sciences. PRAKASA RAO, B. L. S. Statistical Inference for Diffusion Type Processes. DONNER, A. and KLAR, N. Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. MATIS, J. H. and KIFFE, T. R. Stochastic Population Models: A Compartmental Perspective. LINDSEY, J. K. Models for Repeated Measurements, 2nd edition. FORD, E. D. Scientific Method for Ecological Research. BURNHAM, K. P. and ANDERSON, D. R. Model Selection and Inference: A Practical Information‐Theoretic Approach. COX, D. R. and REID, N. The Theory of the Design of Experiments. PINHEIRO, J. C. and BATES, D. M. Mixed‐effects models in S and S‐PLUS. VENABLES, W. N. and RIPLEY, B. D. S Programming. KRAUSE, A. and OLSON, M. The Basics of S and S‐PLUS. CHEN, M.‐H., SHAO, Q.‐M., and IBRAHIM, J. G. Monte Carlo Methods in Bayesian Computation. SAHAI, H. and AGEEL, M. L. The Analysis of Variance: Fixed, Random, and Mixed Models. EVERITT, B. S. and DUNN, G. Statistical Analysis of Medical Data: New Developments. MUKHOPADHYAY, N. Probability and Statistical Inference. KNIGHT, K. Mathematical Statistics. Brief reports by the editor MILLER, R. E. Optimization: Foundations and Applications. BLAND, M. An Introduction to Medical Statistics, 3rd edition. RABE‐HESKETH, S. and EVERITT, B. A Handbook of Statistical Analyses using Stata, 2nd edition. KOO, J. O. (editor). American Series in Mathematical and Management Sciences Volume 42. Modern Mathematical, Management, and Statistical Sciences, The Index to the 20th Century, Prologue to the 21st Century. MISHRA, S. N. and SHARMA, B. D. (editors). American Series in Mathematical and Management Sciences Volume 43. FIM‐I, Forum for Interdisciplinary Mathematics Proceedings on Statistical Inference, Combinatorics and Related Areas, Volume I of Proceedings of Banaras Hindu University (BHU) Conference (Varanasi, India, December 1997). VENABLES, W. N. and RIPLEY, B. D. Modern Applied Statistics with S‐PLUS, 3rd edition.     

中南半岛紫金牛科植物志预报

紫金牛科是一个典型的热带分布科,中南半岛种类非常丰富。Ｐｉｔａｒｄ（１９３０）在“Ｆｌｏｒｅ Ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｅ ｄｅ Ｌ＇Ｉｎｄｏｃｈｉｎｅ”中记录了６属１０９种。此后,对这一地区的种类无人作过全面深入的研究。最近作者在编研《柬埔寨、老挝和越南植物志》的过程中,对紫金牛科作了全面的修订,被确认的种类增加到７属１４２种,其中包括紫金牛属,酸藤子属和杜茎山属的３０个新种,１０个新变种,另外还有紫金牛属     

Spores and Pollens from Crude Oil of Turpan Basin,Xinjiang

Sixty-eight species of fossil spores and pollens referred to 39 genera extracted from the crude oil samples collected from the Turpan Basin of Xinjiang are recorded in this paper. Based on the investigations of fossil spores and pollens in petroleum, the questions on petroleum migration and source rocks are discussed. It is expounded and proved theoretically and practically that the phenomenon that the crude oil samples usually contain the fossil spores and pollen grains with different geological ages from reservoir rocks should result from petroleum migration, but not from resedimentation. The fossil spores and pollens in crude oil of the Middle Jurassic reservoir of the Qiktim Oil-Field of the Turpan Basin comprise mainly Leiotriletes pflugi, Deltoidospora gradata, D. magna, Cyathidites australir, C. minor, Biretisporites cf. potoniaei, Dictyophyllidites harrisii. Cibotiumspora paradoxa, C. jurienensis, Gleicheniidites rousei, G. conflexus, Undulatisporites concavus, U. pflugii, Granulatisporites arenaster, G. minor, Todisporites minor, Osmundacidites wellmanii, dpiculatisporis variabilis, Leptolepidites major, Aratrisporites scabratus Cycadopites nitidus, C. typicus, C. subgranulosus, Chasmatosporites elegans, Classopollis classoides, C. itunen- sis, C. annulatus, C. qiyangensis, Callialarporites dampieri, C. radius, lnaperturopollenites det- tmannii, Protoconiferus funarius, Paleoconiferus asaccatus, CaytonipoUenites pallidus, Vitreis- porites jurassicus, V. jansonii, Pseudowalchia ovalis, P. landesii, P. biangulina, Podocarpidites unicus, P. major, P. multicinus, P. multesimus, P. rousei, P. wapellaensis, Platysaccus lopsinensis, Ovalipollis enigmatica, O. minor, O. canadensis, Pteruchipollenites thomasii, Alisporites grandis, A. bilateralis, Pityosporites similis, P. divulgatus, Piceites expos us, P. podocarpoides, P. latens, Protopicea exilioides, Pseudopicea variabitifornus, Piceaepollenites complanatiformus, Abietineaepollenites dunrobinensis, A. microalatus, A. minimus, Cedripites minor, Eucommiidites troedssonii, etc. Some of the species are also found from the crude oil sampls taken from the Middle Jurassic reservoir of the Shengjinkou Oil-Field of the Turpan Basin. The above mentioned species of spores and pollens are widely distributed in the Lower to Middle Jurassic sediments of North America, Europe, Australia and China. They have also been found from the Lower to Middle Jurassic sediments of the Turpan Basin. Judging from the spores and pollen in petroleum, it may be concluded that the Lower Jurassic Badaowan-Sangonhe Formation and the Middle Jurassic Xishanyao-Toudenhe Formation should contain the favorable petroleum source rocks in the basin. As to petroleum migration mechanism, it is considered that petroleum must have migrated for comparatively short distances to accumulate into petroleum pools in this region.     

一种简易的分离根癌土壤杆菌质粒的方法（简报）

土壤杆菌属的一些菌含有分子量达100兆道尔顿的大质粒。根癌土壤杆菌的Ti质粒是潜在的植物遗传工程载体。目前制备这类大质粒主要用Currier＆Nester[1]和van Larebeke ＆ Schell[2]的方法。一般认为土壤杆菌破壁困难,需用溶菌酶、蛋白酶。虽然Currier＆Nester[1]把DNA变性后以酚和氯仿-异戊醇清除了一些染色质,但残存染色质仍多。两法最后都靠密度梯度离心法获得纯质粒。这样,就限制了制备Ti质粒的规模。我们采用Hensen＆Olsen[3]4 ％SDS和热冲击方法破壁,在控制温菌量和破壁液比例的条件下,不用酶也能破壁。然后,用酚和氯仿-异戊醇抽提去蛋白;不经 DNA变性,用Zasloff等人的酸酚法去染色质DNA; 再用Humphreys等人的方法,以PGA6000沉淀浓缩质粒DNA.经琼脂糖电泳鉴定,得单一DNA带,无染色质扩散带。这就为大规模制备根癌土壤杆菌Ti质粒提供了可能。目前正在进一步工作。     

New species of Elaphoglossum (Elaphoglossaceae) from northern South America

The fern genusElaphoglossum is well-represented in the Venezuelan pteridoflora with 98 species. Careful observation of the indument of rhizome and blade is necessary to distinguish the taxa. Thirty-three species and one variety are here describe as new:E. anceps, E. appressum, E. atrorubens, E. atrosquamatum, E. chrysopogon, E. crispatum var.crispatum, E. crispatum var.beitelii, E. delicatulum, E. dolichopus, E. drewianum, E. eriopus, E. floccosum, E. grallator, E. hieracioides, E. incubus, E. luteynii, E. maguirei, E. nigrocostatum, E. obovatum, E. ornithoglossum, E. ortegae, E. pilosius, E. praetermissum, E. stenoglossum, E. stergiossi, E. steyermarkii, E. styriacum, E. succubus, E. tachirense, E. tantalinum, E. urophyllum, E. vanderwerffii, E. vareschianum, andE. variolatum.     

Recent ornithological publications

ALLAN, R.G. Grain-eating Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa: Identification, Biology and Management ANDERSON, S.H. & SQUIRES, J.R. The Prairie Falcon. ASH, J.S. & MISKELL, J.E. Birds of Somalia. Blomert , A-M., Ens , B.J., Goss -Chrd , J.D., Hulscher , J.B. & Zwarts , L.(eds) Oystercatchers and Their Estuarine Food Supplies. Cook , W.E. Avian Desert Predators. Debus , S The Birds of Prey of Australia: a Field Guide. DEL HOYO, J., ELLIOTT, A. & SARGATAL, J. (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume 4. Sandgrouse to Cuckoos. Enticott , J & Tipling , D. Photographic Handbook of the Seabirds of the World. Grubb , Jr. T.C. Wild Bird Guides: Tufted Titmouse. Haffer , with contributions from E. MAYR. Ornitholologen-Briefe des 20 Jahrhunderts: ‘We must lead the way on new paths’ the work and correspondence of Hartert, Stresemann and Ernst Mayr, international ornithologists. Holmes , J.S. & Simons , J.R. (eds) The Introduction and Naturalisation of Birds. HOPP, S.L., OWREN, M.J. & EVANS, C.S. (eds) Animal Acoustic Communication: Sound Analysis and Research Methods. Johnsgard . PA. The Avian Brood Parasites: Deception at the Nest. Kanouchi , T, Abe , N. & Ueda , H. Wild Birds of Japan. McClure , H.E. Migration and Suvival of Birds of Asia. Newton , I. Population Limitation in Birds. Nikiforov , M.E., Kozulin , A.V., Grichik , V.V., & Tishechkin , A.K. The Birds of Belarus' on the Threshold of the 21st Century (in Russian). Prast . W. & Shamoun . J. BRIS Bird Remains Identification System . Raffaele , H., Wiley , J., Garrido , O., Keith , A. & Raffaele , J. A Guide to the Birds of the West Indies. Ratcliffe , D. The Raven. Rowlands , B.W., Trueman . T, Olson , S.L., Mc Culloch , M.N. & Brooke , R.K. The Birds of St Helena - an Annotated Checklist. Ryabitsev , V. One Season in the Taiga. Stattersfield , A.J., Crosby , M.J., Long , A.J. & Wedge , D.C. Endemic Bird Areas of the World: Priorities for Bio-diversity Conservation. Steffens , R., Saemann , D. & Grossler , K. (eds) Die >Vogelwelt Sachsens. Sutherland , W.J. (ed.) Conservation Science and Action. Andrew , P. & Mc Allan , I. Nomina: Global Bird Dictionary, Relational Taxonomies. Brendel , U. Vögel der Alpen. Cailliez , R., Ciais , G., Davrainville , Y, Denis , J-P, Haguenauer , C, Janin , B. & Vidailhet , M-A. Les Oiseaux et la Forêt: Leur vie Secrête au Fil des Saisons. Crozier , J. A Birdwatching Guide to the Pyrenees. Davis , B.L. A Field Guide to Birds of the Desert South-west. Armonia /Birdlife Actes del III Encuentro Bolivano para la Conservacion de las Aves, 18 a 20 de Octubre de 1996. Graham , K. Titmice. Donald , P.F. & Aebischer , N.J. (eds) The Ecology and Conservation of Corn Buntings Miliaria calandra: proceedings of a conference held at Fordingbridge, Hampshire, 2–3 March 1995. Jobanek , G. A. An Annotated Bibliography of Oregon Bird Literature Published before 1935. Kerslake , L. (ed.) Red Data Book for Northumberland. King , B.F. Checklist of the Birds of Eurasia. Kutac , E.A. Birder's Guide to Texas, Paulson , D. & Erckmann , J. Shorebirds of the Pacific Northwest. Petty , S.J. Ecology and Conservation of Raptors in Forests.     

Glucocorticoid receptor-binding site in the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat.

Previous reports (P. D. Katsanakis, C. E. Sekaris, and D. A. Spandidos, Anticancer Res. 11:381-383, 1991; J. Laurence, M. B. Sellers, and S. K. Sikder, Blood 74:291-297, 1989; R. Miksicek, A. Heber, W. Schmid, U. Danesch, G. Posseckert, M. Beato, and G. Schutz, Cell 46:283-290, 1986) have suggested the existence of a glucocorticoid response element in the long terminal repeat of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1. This study demonstrated a sequence-specific interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain with the previously predicted HIV glucocorticoid response element. This interaction may be relevant to the steroid responsiveness of HIV (P. A. Furth, H. Westphal, and L. Hennighausen, AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 6:553-560, 1990; J. Laurence, M. B. Sellers, and S. K. Sikder, Blood 74:291-297, 1989; J. Laurence, H. Cooke, and S. K. Sikder, Blood 75:696-703, 1990; D. A. Spandidos, V. Zoounpovilis, A. Kotsinas, C. Tsiripotis, and C. E. Sekeris, Anticancer Res. 10:1241-1246, 1990).