Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the caddisfly Drusus discolor (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

We describe the development of and amplification conditions for microsatellite primers isolated from the caddisfly Drusus discolor. Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and screened for variability using 37 individuals from two populations from central Europe. The primers yielded an average of 8.6 alleles per loci. No linkage disequilibrium between loci was detected, while three loci showed deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in one of the two tested populations.     

Structures on the antennal flagellum of a caddisfly,frenesia missa (Trichoptera,Limnephilidae)

Non-innervated macrotrichia and microtrichia, thick-walled chemoreceptors and three kinds of thin-walled chemoreceptors are present on the antennal flagellum of Frenesia missa. One of the thin-walled receptors, the plate organ, is of a type not previously recorded for any insect. About four times as many plate organs are present on the flagellum of the male as on that of the female. They occur also on the maxillary and labial palps.     

Effects of Pacific salmon spawning and carcass availability on the caddisfly Ecclisomyia conspersa (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

1. The effects of spawning coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) on the limnephilid caddisfly Ecclisomyia conspersa were evaluated by experimentally excluding salmon from the upper 14‐m stretch of a spawning channel by a wire‐meshed fence. Density, and development and growth rates, of larvae upstream of the fence (without salmon) were compared with those downstream (with salmon). 2. Larval density in the stretch with salmon declined during spawning, but increased again after spawning subsided and the carcasses of dead fish became available. In the stretch with salmon, larval density on salmon carcasses was seven to 37 times greater than on the adjacent channel substratum. The rate of larval development in the stretch with salmon was greater than that in the stretch without salmon. Two months after carcasses became available, 98% of larvae sampled from the stretch with salmon were in the fifth instar, compared to only 23% from the stretch without salmon. Body weight of E. conspersa in the stretches with and without salmon increased by an average of 3.04 and 2.38 mg, respectively, over a 6‐month period. 3. ¹⁵N values of larvae from the stretch with salmon increased following the arrival of the fish, suggesting that the larvae were feeding on salmon‐derived material, such as eggs and carcasses, which contain a high proportion of the heavier stable isotope. In contrast, ¹⁵N values of larvae from the stretch without salmon remained relatively constant throughout the experiment. The availability of salmon carcasses as a high‐quality food source late in larval development may increase survival and fecundity of E. conspersa. 4. These substantial differences were consistent with the view that they were due to the experimental exclusion of salmon and salmon carcasses from the upstream stretch, though the study was un‐replicated and thus precludes ascribing causation more definitely.     

Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from the alpine caddisfly Allogamus uncatus Brauer (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

Here we report the development of 10 microsatellite loci for the alpine caddisfly, Allogamus uncatus. Polymorphism as detected in 24 individuals ranged from three to 17 alleles per locus, and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.087 to 0.864. These primers will enable research on the genetic population structure of this species, the extent of gene flow among alpine permanent and temporary streams, and the genetic consequences of extinction/recolonization events.     

The life history of Glyphopsyche irrorata (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae): A caddisfly that overwinters as an adult

Glyphopsyche irrorata has adapted to live in ponds with fluctuating water levels and ponds exhibiting winter drought by passing the winter as an adult in the terrestrial environment.
Larvae, which hatch in May and pupate in late August, are detritivorous shredders. Males and females emerge in September, with a sex ratio of one and commence mating in the autumn. The entire population has mated by May at which time females oviposit in the water. Adult males and females are present in equal numbers in the spring and have similar longevities approaching a maximum of 8 to 9 months.     

Revision of the Neotropical genus Chimarrhodella Lestage (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae)

Abstract. A revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical genus Chimarrhodella Lestage is presented. Four described species are recognized, C.galeata (Martynov), C.peruviana (Ross), C.ulmeri (Ross) and C.nigra Flint. In addition, five new species are described, C.costaricensis sp.n. (Costa Rica), C.tapanti sp.n. (Costa Rica), C.flinti sp.n. (Venezuela), C.pilcopata , sp.n. (Peru) and C.tobagoensis sp.n. (Tobago). These species are organized into two monophyletic species groups, designated here the Galeata Group and the Peruviana Group. The Galeata Group is characterized by having male genitalia with tergum X possessing well developed lateral lobes bearing sclerotized, spine-like processes and includes C.galeata, C.costaricensis, C.flinti, C.pilcopata and C.tapanti. The Peruviana Group is characterized by having male genitalia with tergum X only slightly divided apically, tergum IX bearing hook-like processes posteriorly, and female genitalia with segment VIII much elongated in comparison to the Galeata Group and includes C.peruviana, C.nigra, C.tobagoensis and C.ulmeri. Records of the genus from Costa Rica and Tobago represent significant extensions of the known range for the genus, previously unknown north of Panama. A key to males and known females and a species-level phylogenetic analysis are included.     

Biotic interactions enhance survival and fitness in the caddisfly <Emphasis Type="Italic">Micropterna sequax</Emphasis> (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

Fish-based index of biotic integrity (F-IBI) is widely used to assess river ecosystems. With survey data from the Yellow River fishery resources in the 1980s and 2008, fish composition and abundance, vertical distribution, trophic structure, reproductive guilds and tolerance in the river’s upstream, midstream, downstream, and estuary were examined, and F-IBI systems were established for each reach to assess river ecosystem health. Results showed that compared to the 1980s, the number of fish species in 2008 sharply declined in the midstream and downstream reaches, percentage of benthic fish species decreased in upstream and estuary, the number and percentage of omnivorous species decreased in all reaches, and percentage of tolerant fish species increased 15 times in upstream but decreased in midstream and downstream. The F-IBI scores in the four reaches in the 1980s were all higher than those in 2008 and decreased from upstream to estuary; the healthy conditions indicated by F-IBI scores in the 1980s were “good,” “fair,” “poor,” and “fair” from upstream to estuary and “degraded” to “poor” in all the reaches in 2008. This indicated that the river ecosystem has degraded from the 1980s to 2008. This was also shown by variations in water chemistry.     

Revision of the New Caledonian endemic genus Gracilipsodes (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Grumichellini)

The taxonomy and systematics of the New Caledonian endemic caddisfly genus Gracilipsodes Sykora, 1967 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Grumichellini) are reviewed. Seven new species represented by males are described and illustrated: Gracilipsodes aoupiniensis sp. nov. , Gracilipsodes aureus sp. nov. , Gracilipsodes aurorus sp. nov. , Gracilipsodes grandis sp. nov. , Gracilipsodes koghiensis sp. nov. , Gracilipsodes lanceolatus sp. nov. , and Gracilipsodes robustus sp. nov. Molecular phylogenetic analyses are applied to discern the relationships among the species of the genus and their closest relatives, based on sequence characters from the nuclear gene translation elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) and the three mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase I (COI), COII, and ribosomal large subunit (16S). The data are analyzed using parsimony and Bayesian inference, revealing a monophyletic Gracilipsodes with the eastern Australian monotypic genus Triplexa as its closest relative. Gracilipsodes is in turn divided into two major lineages.  © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 153 , 425–452.     

Synonymic Notes on a Japanese Hydatophylax (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

Stenophylax festivus Navás, 1920 is transferred to genus Hydatophylax and Hydatophylax intermedius Schmid, 1964 is its junior synonym. Matsumura (1931) incorrectly recorded this species as Astenophylax grammicus McLachlan from Hokkaido, Japan.     

Host acceptance behavior of the Japanese aquatic wasp,Agriotypus gracilis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) toward the caddisfly host,Goera japonica (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

The host acceptance behavior of the Japanese aquatic wasp,Agriotypus gracilis Waterston, an ectoparasitoid of the sand case building caddisfly,Goera japonica Banks was investigated in the laboratory. Female wasps were observed to enter the water by walking down a stone protruding from the water surface. Antennae were held backward and not utilized in searching for hosts under the water. Female wasps examined hosts from the outside of their cases by 2 consecutive steps, “turning” and “probing”. Turning behavior, in which female wasps move between the anterior and posterior ends of host cases, may be related to the measurement of case size. Host stages are considered to be discriminated by probing, in which females probe host cases with their sheathing ovipositors. Female wasps most frequently accepted and oviposited on pupal and prepupal hosts.     

Origin and dispersal of Potamophylax cingulatus (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) in Iceland

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