The early stages of Ptenopsila Enderlein (Psocoptera,Caeciliidae)

All early stages of Ptenopsila, a characteristic psocid genus of southern South America, are described and features of taxonomic value are illustrated. Examination of early stages confirms the placement of this genus in the Caeciliidae.     

Observations on an Intranuclear Microsporidian in Lymphoblasts from Farmed Atlantic Halibut Larvae (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)

ABSTRACT. An intranuclear microsporidian was observed in lymphoblasts from the kidney of farmed Atlantic halibut larvae ( Hippoglossus hippoglossus ). In addition to spores, intranuclear pre-spore stages were observed. Uninucleated stages with a slight thickening of the cell membrane were the most simple developmental stages observed. Multinucleated developmental stages contain electron-lucent vesicles and electron-dense discs. The spores are ovoid and measure 2.9 × 1.2 μm (mean). Sporophorous vesicles, diplokarya and mitochondria were not observed in any of the developmental stages. The developmental stages observed are similar to those of the family Enterocytozoonidae, genus Enterocytozoon. However, there are several differences between the present species and E. bieneusi from enterocytes in man. The relationship to the other species in the genus, E. salmonis can only be determined when all the developmental stages of the species from Atlantic halibut are identified.     

Origin of the transition from aquatic to terrestrial habits in Nothopsyche caddisflies (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) based on molecular phylogeny

The larvae and pupae of most caddisflies (Trichoptera) are aquatic, whereas the adults are terrestrial. However, the trichopteran genus Nothopsyche includes species with terrestrial pre-pupal and pupal stages and with an entirely terrestrial life cycle. The phylogenetic relationships within this genus, inferred from sequences of mitochondrial 16S and nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA genes, suggest that Nothopsyche species were originally aquatic and that a single lineage acquired tolerance to terrestrial habitats at the pre-pupal and pupal stages. In this lineage, N. montivaga became completely terrestrial. In addition, the larval case materials changed from plant matter to sand at one point in the phylogeny of this genus.     

Morphology of juvenile stages of Zetorchestes micronychus (Acari, Oribatida, Zetorchestidae)

The morphology of all the juvenile stages of Zetorchestes micronychus (Oribatida, Zetorchestidae) is described. Diagnoses of juvenile stages of representatives of the family Zetorchestidae and of the genus Zetorchestes are given. The juvenile stages of Z. micronychus and Strenzkea depilata are compared.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leucocytozoon</Emphasis> Berestneff, 1904 (Apicomplexa: Leucocytozoidae) from the avian family Artamidae

A new species of the apicomplexan genus LeucocytozoonBerestneff, 1904, L. artamidis n. sp., is described from the Australian avian family Artamidae. Gametocytes and endogenous stages of the life-cycle are described together with early erythrocytic and leucocytic developing forms rarely described for species of this genus.     

RFLP procedure to discriminate between Clausocalanus Giesbrecht, 1888 (Copepoda, Calanoida) species in the Central Cantabrian Sea

Traditionally, zooplankton studies have been carried out on larger species and later developmental stages, at least in the case of copepods. This fact is due to the difficulty of distinguishing between all the morphologically very similar species and genus, especially at immature stages. Nowadays, however molecular techniques allow us to discriminate these species easily. We have developed a RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) technique to distinguish between the species of the genus Clausocalanus which are present at our study zone, the Central Cantabrian Sea. This genus belongs to the “small” fraction of mesozooplankton (500-200 μm), and it has been scarcely studied even though it is an important component of the mesozooplankton. This technique allows identification of individuals and from small body parts.     

A revision of genus Atalophlebioides (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)

Abstract

Atalophlebioides Phillips is redescribed as a monotypic genus endemic to New Zealand. All life stages of A. cromwelli (Phillips) are described, and a lectotype is designated. The relationships of the genus and the ecology of A. cromwelli are discussed.     

Morpho-Ecological Characteristics of Immature Stages of Xylobiont Species of the Genus Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Muscidae,Diptera) Inhabiting Tree Holes and Sap Accumulations

The biology of immature stages of the Diptera that accompany xylophagous insects inhabiting sap runs and tree holes was studied. Biological data are reported for the first time for 4 species and supplemented for 2 more species of the genus Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Muscidae). The main diagnostic characters of these species are given. The species differ in the life history of larvae, the morphology of the anterior and posterior spiracles, creeping welts, cephalopharyngeal apparatus, and anal plate. A key to immature stages of xylobiont species of the genus Phaonia is compiled.

     

Taxonomy of the New Zealand genus Eulimnia,and biology and immature stages of E. philpotti (Diptera: Sciomyzidae)

Abstract

The endemic New Zealand genus Eulimnia and its two species are redescribed. Data are presented on the life cycle of E. philpotti Tonnoir & Malloch, and the habitat, geographical distribution, phenology, and biological features of adults and immature stages are discussed. Adults are found in permanently wet marshes, where the larvae prey on fingernail clams (Bivalvia: Sphaeriidae) while completely submerged. Mature larvae form puparia among vegetation or debris above the water level. The immature stages of E. philpotti are described. The genus is placed in tribe Tetanocerini, and its taxonomic position is discussed.     

Morphology of juvenile stages of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Liacarus</Emphasis> (Dorycranosus) <Emphasis Type="Italic">acutus</Emphasis> (Oribatida,Liacaridae)

The morphology of the juvenile stages of the oribatid mite, Liacarus (Dorycranosus) acutus, is described. The juvenile stages of four species of the genus Liacarus are compared.     

Description of Leptus (Leptus) haitlingeri n. sp. (Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae), parasitising horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae), and a key to the larvae of Leptus spp. in Brazil

Systematic Parasitology - The genus Leptus Latreille, 1796 (Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae) is represented by more than 250 species worldwide, and the larval stages of these mites are ectoparasites...     

First data on the larval morphology and biology of two Palaearctic species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Allognosta</Emphasis> Osten-Sacken, 1883 (Diptera,Stratiomyidae)

Data on the morphology and ecology of the immature stages of two Palaearctic species of the genus Allognosta Osten-Sacken, 1883 (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) are given. The sides of the abdominal segments in the larvae of this genus are divided into two sections: the anterior one is shorter and with a conical projection, while the posterior one is more massive and paddle-shaped. The larvae inhabit the humus soil layer and the fruit bodies of polyporus fungi.     

RADIOMYCES,A NEW GENUS IN THE MUCORALES

Embree , Robert W. (U. California, Berkeley.) Radiomyces, a new genus in the Mucorales. Amer. Jour. Bot. 46(1): 25-30. Illus. 1959.—Radiomyces spectabilis is described as a new genus and species in the order Mucorales of the Phycomycetes. This fungus readily grows in pure culture, and developmental stages of the asexual and sexual reproductive structures are described. The genus is referred to the family Thamnidiaceae, and in doing so, the family concept is necessarily broadened to include almost colorless, smooth-walled zygospores with appendiculate suspensors.     

Heterochrony in Silurian phacopid trilobites as suggested by the ontogeny of Acernaspis

New material of early growth stages of the Silurian (Llandovery) trilobite Acernaspis is described. Pre-adult ontogenetic stages of this genus closely resemble adults of the post-Llandovery genus ***Ananaspis. A heterochronic descent of Ananaspis from Acernaspis is proposed. ***Ananaspis is interpreted as pae-domorphic, having arisen largely through neoteny. Neotenic changes already appear in the lineage in the last Acernaspis species, and Ananaspis then underwent continuous ncotcnic change throughout its known Silurian history. ▭ Heterochrony, neoteny, Silurian, Trilobita, Phacopidae, Acernaspis. Ananaspis.     

Larval development of Hexapanopeus caribbaeus (Stimpson, 1871) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Xanthoidea, Panopeidae) reared under laboratory conditions

The genus Hexapanopeus Rathbun, 1898 contains eight species,of which three are found in the Brazilian coast. The larvaldevelopment of two of these species has already been studiedin the laboratory. This article describes in detail the morphologyof the complete larval stages of Hexapanopeus caribbaeus rearedunder laboratory conditions, and the morphology is comparedwith that of the larvae of the other species of the same genus.     

58 Determining the total dietary fiber content in hawaiian marine algae

The taxonomic validity of the genus Hydropuntia Montagne (1843) (including Polycavernosa) within the Gracilariaceae (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) is controversial. Morphological characters that define species of Hydropuntia are said to be variable and to overlap with those of Gracilaria. Here we present a global phylogenetic study of the family based on a Bayesian analysis of a large rbc L DNA sequence dataset indicating that the genus Hydropuntia forms a well supported monophyletic clade within the family, and recognize Hydropuntia as a genus distinct from Gracilaria. We also conducted smaller phylogenetic analyses in which thirty four Hydropuntia rbc L sequences resulted in two major clades within the genus, comprising a Caribbean clade and an Indo-Pacific clade. Diagnostic reproductive stages that separate these two clades will be illustrated.