Die neue KlasseChlamydophyceae,eine natürliche Gruppe der Grünalgen (Chlorophyta)

On the basis of the present concept of theChlorophyta, a new class, theChlamydophyceae, is established and described. It includes allVolvocales with cell walls, theTetrasporales and thoseChlorococcales with zoospores of theChlamydomonas-type. The diagnostic features of theChlamydophyceae are as follows. Both, flagellates and zoospores have a cell wall with specific ultrastructure which lacks cellulose. The cell wall of the gametes is thrown off before or during fusion. Protoplast divisions are multiple (schizogonic); binary (schizotomic) fissions do not occur. Sporangia and gametangia are formed already on the monadoid level. In asexual resting stages the old cell wall is incorporated into the cyst wall. The polarized structure of theChlamydomonas-like flagellate is ± maintained in non-motile stages. Contractile vacuoles occur in freshwater species, and only sometimes disappear in adult and old non-motile cells; proper central vacuoles are lacking.—From the morphological point of viewChlamydophyceae can be derived from stages in the life cycle ofChlamydomonas. Relationships with theChlorophyceae s. str. and the other Green Algae are discussed.

Systematische Bemerkungen zu den Grünalgen I.     

Der älteste Vertreter der Meropeidae (Mecoptera,Insecta)

A new genus and species of the Meropeidae (Mecoptera, Insecta) from the Middle Jurassic of Siberia (Russia) is described:Boreomerope antiqua gen. et sp. nov. It is the first known fossil of the family, and it shows some plesiomorphic characters as compared to the Recent meropeids. The systematic position ofBoreomerope is discussed.     

Fünf neue Arten der GattungAnthemis (Compositae) aus Iraq und Afghanistan

Five new species ofAnthemis sect.Anthemis from the Flora Iranica region are described:A. gillettii (subsect.Anthemis) from NW. Iraq and adjacent Iran is allied toA. damascena.—A. kurdica (subsect.Anthemis) also grows in Iraqi Kurdistan.—A. hamrinensis (subsect.Rascheyana; akin toA. plebeia) is distributed in the Jabal Hamrin region at the extreme outer margin of the Zagros chains.—A. kandaharica (subsect.Anthemis) andA. freitagii (subsect.Rascheyana) are distributed in Afghanistan.

Anschrift des Herausgebers: Hofrat Univ.-Prof. Dr.Karl Heinz Rechinger, Beckgasse 22, A-1130 Wien, Österreich.     

Veronica allahuekberensis (Scrophulariaceae), eine neue Art aus der Türkei

Veronica allahuekberensis A. Öztürk, spec. nova, probably endemic to the Allahuekber mountain in N.E. Anatolia, belongs toV. orientalis group of sectionVeronica and resemblesV. cuneifolia D. Don subsp.cuneifolia, endemic to S.W. Anatolia.

     

über eine neue Methode der Untersuchung von GewebsoberflÄchen

Zusammenfassung Abschlie\end möge gesagt sein, da\ die Reflektographie neben dem Vorteil des leichten photographischen Festhaltens der Reflexbilder vor allem deshalb eine ausgezeichnete Methode der Darstellung von GewebsoberflÄchen ist, weil sie auf eine Ähnlichkeit im Sinne einer Abbildung verzichtet und an deren Stelle die einer OberflÄche adÄquate Darstellung setzt, die Reflexprojektion. Bei dieser ist praktisch keine Rede von einer unteren Auflösungsgrenze und die Feinheit der Darstellung ist lediglich abhÄngig von der Grö\e der Lochblende bezw. vom Querschnitt des verwendeten Büschels, weswegen auch die Kleinheit der zu untersuchenden Objekte praktisch keine untere Grenze hat.     

Analyse der Färbungen derBeta-Rüben,insbesondere der Futterrüben

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 12 Textabbildungen     

Solanum macolae,eine neue käferfeste Wildkartoffel

Theoretical and Applied Genetics -     

Zum Feinbau der koshewnikowschen drüse bei der honigbiene Apis mellifica (Insecta,Hymenoptera)

An electron microscopic examination of the KOSHEWNIKOW gland of the honeybee showed that the origin of the draining ductule extended into the gland cell through an invagination without actual cytoplasmic connection being made. The structure of the wall of the dendritic apical ramifications of the duct cell is very loose where it is in juxtaposition to the microvilli of the wall of the gland cell. In contrast, the rest of the duct wall is very dense.

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Gekürzte Dissertation der Fakultät für Chemie, Biologic, Geologic und Mineralogio der Technischen Hochschule Darmstadt; D I7. Danken möchte ich meinem verstorbenen Lehrer, Herrn Prof. Dr. W. Luther, Herrn Prof. Dr. D. B. E. Magnus and ganz besonders Herrn Prof. Dr. K. E. Wohlfarth-Bottermann für seine hilfsbereite Beratung in Fragen der Elektronenmikroskopie.     

Messelogale, eine neue Raubtiergattung aus dem Mitteleozän von Messel (Deutschland)

Another juvenile specimen of the small carnivoranMiacis?kessleri Springhorn 1982 from the lower Middle Eocene oilshales (MP 11) of Messel near Darmstadt (South Hesse, Germany) is described. The nearly complete skeleton displays characteristics in dentition, skull, and limbs showing additional anatomical details and suggesting a taxonomic revision. Especially the assumption that there exist two molars only in the lower and upper jaw, as well as the trenchant talonid of the lower carnassial contradict the allocation to the genusMiacis. The species consequently is assigned to a new genusMesselogale. The higher taxonomic status of miacids in relation to the system of Carnivora is discussed.Messelogale kessleri shows basicranial characters, which indicate a classification within the Caniformia. On the other hand the loss of M3 suggests a relationship to the Feliformia. The species has an almost completely reduced (cf. holotype) or moderately well-developed dP³-Parastyl (this specimen), but it is not as enlarged as in primitive Feliformia, nor as reduced as in some Caniformia. Moreover, a calcaneal fibular facet cannot be excluded. Both attributes are representing the primitive morphology of the species. That does not ally the species with the Feliformia, but makes it, according toFlynn &; Galiano (1982), a very primitive Caniformia.     

Tillandsia marconae — eine neue Art aus der peruanischen Küstenwüste

T. marconae is described as a new species from the Peruvian coastal desert. Its systematic position betweenT. paleacea Presl em.L. B. Smith andT. purpurea Ruiz & Pavon is discussed.

     

Ornithogalum macrum Speta (Hyacinthaceae), eine merkwürdige neue art aus der türkei

Ornitogalum macrum Speta, a new species, is described from the Çakilli-Pass on the road from Akseki to the Bey sehir-Lake in Turkey. It is characterized by its tenderness. Roots turning yellow and concrescente leaves of the bulb speak in favour of a membership to theO. umbellatum group. But the late appearance of the foliage leaves in spring and the lack of ridges on the gynoeceum have hitherto never been found in this connection. There is however an indisputable similarity as to characteristics of theO. undulatum group. The chromosome number is 2n=54. The interphase nuclei are chromomeric.     

Über eine menschenpathogene,aus Lungenveränderungen gezüchtete neue Spezies vonPeyronellaea

Zusammenfassung Aus Granulomen der Lunge einer 49jähr. Frau konntePeyronellaea n. sp. in Reinkultur isoliert werden. Aufgrund vergleichender mykologischer Untersuchungen vonPeyronellaea glomerata (Cda.) (Goidanich) u.Peyronellaea hominis (Agostini etTredici)G. Goidanich mit dem von uns isolierten Stamm wird letzterer auf Vorschlag vonWesterdijk als Spezies nova beschrieben. Mykologische Daten werden in Einzelheiten angeführt. Nach intraperitonealer Einimpfung erweist sich der Stamm für weisse Mäuse als fakultativ pathogen. Es wird kurz auf die im Schrifttum aufgeführten Mitteilungen von Peyronellaeose eingegangen.

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Summary From granules in the lungs of a 49-year-old womanPeyronellaea n. spec. was cultured. The isolated fungus was compared with cultures ofPeyronellaea glomerata (Cda.) G. Goidanich andPeyronellaea hominis (Agostini et Tredici) G. Goidanich and as suggested by Westerdijk, described as species nova. Mycological characteristics are described. Cultures intraperitoneally injected into mice produce sporadic lesions in the visceral organs. A summary of available literature is given.

     

Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Embryogenese und der embryonalen Diapause von Ephemerella ignita (Poda) (Insecta,Ephemeroptera)

Summary The effect of temperature on the duration of embryogenesis, especially on the embryonic diapause of Ephemerella ignita, was investigated in the natural environment and in laboratory experiments. Morphogenesis is blocked by diapause in developmental stage 10 (embryo nearly fully developed, pigmented eye anlagen, no dorsal closure). Diapause is terminated within 12 months only at comparatively low temperatures (from 1° C to the range of 13.3 to 16.0° C). Comparatively high temperatures (7.2 and 13.3° C) in the days preceding developmental stage 10 cause an extension of diapause. Stage 4 (polar germ anlage) is less sensitive than later stages to the diapause terminating effects of low temperatures.Postdiapause development to hatching takes place at temperatures 4.9 to 24.1° C. The developmental time is shortest at temperatures between 19.2 and 24.1° C. The calculated lower temperature limit for development is 3.9° C.Diapause is obligatory with only few exceptions. In field studies egg hibernation was found in nearly all cases. There is a discussion on the importance of these findings for the explanation of the varying developmental cycles of Ephemerella ignita described by different authors.

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Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Embryogenese und der embryonalen Diapause von Ephemerella ignita (Poda) (Insecta, Ephemeroptera)

Zusammenfassung Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Embryogenese, insbesondere der embryonalen Diapause von Ephemerella ignita wurde im Freiland und experimentell im Laboratorium untersucht.Die Diapause tritt im Entwicklungsstadium 10 (fast vollständig entwickelter Embryo mit pigmentierten Augenanlagen, jedoch ohne Rückenschluß) als Morphogeneseblockierung ein und kann nur bei relativ niedrigen Temperaturen (ca. +1 bis 13<16° C) innerhalb 12 Monaten beendet werden. Die Diapausedauer steigt mit der Temperatur. Die Diapauseintensität kann mit Annäherung an das Entwicklungsstadium 10 durch relativ hohe Temperaturen (7,2°, 13,3° C) verstärkt werden, die Sensibilität für die Diapause beendigende Wirkung der niedrigen Temperaturen ist im Entwicklungsstadium 4 noch geringer als später. Postdiapauseentwicklung bis zum Schlüpfen der Larven findet zwischen 4,9 und 24,1°C statt. Das Temperaturoptimum liegt zwischen 19,2 und 24,1° C. Die theoretische untere Grenztemperatur ist +3,9° C.Die Diapause war in fast allen Fällen obligat, die Freilanduntersuchungen ergaben allgemein Eiüberwinterung. Die Bedeutung dieser Ergebnisse für die Erklärung der von verschiedenen Autoren beschriebenen unterschiedlichen Entwicklungszyklen von Ephemerella ignita wird diskutiert.

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Herrn Dr. H.-H. Bergmann danke ich für die kritische Durchsicht des Manuskripts.     

Tillandsia mollis (Bromeliaceae) — eine neue Art aus Südbolivien

Tillandsia mollis sp. n. is related toT. usneoides (L.) L. but differs mainly in the densely lepidote sepals and the soft and thick round leaves.     

Eine Chironomiden-Larve (Insecta: Diptera) aus der Fur-Formation (Paleozän, ? Unter-Eozän; NW-Dänemark)

From the Upper Paleocene/Lowermost Eocene Fur Formation (Moler) of NW Jutland, Denmark, a dipteran larva (fourth instar) is described. On grounds of its morphology and dimensions the specimen can be assigned to the family Chironomidae (non-biting midges). Owing to the mode of development of this family in aquatic habitats, a transport of the larva by wind or active flight to its place of burial can be excluded. Instead, the larva could have been a leftover of a fish meal or transported by currents. The specimen is the first representative of chironomids in the Fur Formation and, additionally, the first wingless stage described from these deposits.     

Eine neue Gattung der Familie LechritrochoceratidaeFlower 1950 (Nautilida,Cephalopoda) aus einem „mittelsilurischen“ Geschiebe von Norddeutschland

The new genus and speciesGrzegorzewskia erratica n.gen. n.sp. from a “Mid-Silurian” erratic boulder of the locality “Brodtener Ufer” (at the shore of the Baltic Sea) near Travemünde, Germany, is described. It is attributed to the family LechritrochoceratidaeFlower inFlower &Kümmel 1950 (Nautilida) which is characterized by dextrally coiled torticone conchs. The new genus and species is distinguished from all other members of the family by its smooth surface, the depressed conch section, and the formation of a ventral rounded keel, as well as by the initial part of the conch which deviates extremely from the axis of coiling. The early ontogenesis of the Lechritrochoceratidae is briefly discussed.     

Die läutausserungen der orthopteren. (Lauterzeugung,läutabwandlung und deren biologische bedeutung sowie tonapparat der geradflügler.) Vergleichende untersuchungen I

Ohne Zusammenfassung