Nothotalisia, a new genus of Picramniaceae from tropical America

A new genus of Picramniaceae from tropical America, Nothotalisia, is described. Of the three species in the genus, N. piranii and N. cancellata, are new to science. The third, N. peruviana, was originally described as Talisia peruviana in the Sapindaceae. The genus and all three species are described, illustrated, and distinguished by means of a key.     

Notes on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lepraria</Emphasis> s.l. (Lecanoromycetes,Ascomycota) in North America: New species,new reports,and preliminary keys

Six new species of Lepraria are described from North America: L. barbatica, L. cryophila, L. disjuncta, L. moroziana, L. terricola, and L. xanthonica. Lepraria torii is discussed and its range extended to include boreal eastern North America. Lepraria aurescens is reported as new to North America from Florida. Preliminary keys to the genus in North America are presented.     

Disjunctive distribution of the basal genus Aplomerus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Xoridinae) in East Asia and North America,with a new species from Japan

The first Japanese representative of the predominantly Nearctic genus Aplomerus Provancher, A. japonicus sp. nov., is described. This species can easily be distinguished from the other species by the black body. Morphologically this species resembles A. lineatulus (Say) from eastern North America but is separable by the sculpture of the propodeum and third metasomal tergite. The discovery of this species demonstrates a disjunctive distribution of the genus Aplomerus in East Asia and North America. Notes on habitat and adult behavior are also given.     

The redefinition of Cladiopsocus (Psocoptera: Cladíopsocidae)

The genus Cladiopsocus Roesler is redefined. Seven new species from Central and South America and seven previously described species of Triplocania Roesler are placed in this genus.     

The early stages of Ptenopsila Enderlein (Psocoptera,Caeciliidae)

All early stages of Ptenopsila, a characteristic psocid genus of southern South America, are described and features of taxonomic value are illustrated. Examination of early stages confirms the placement of this genus in the Caeciliidae.     

Arthromyces and Blastosporella, two new genera of conidia-producing lyophylloid agarics (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from the neotropics

Two new genera encompassing three new species of lyophylloid agarics that produce conidia on the basidiomata are described. Arthromyces is a genus comprised of two very different arthrospore-producing mushroom species found in the Greater Antilles and Central America. Blastosporella is a monotypic genus with spherical balls of blastospores covering the pileus surface with age and is known from Hispaniola and Colombia. A key to the species of Arthromyces is included.     

Belizia brevicauda,a new genus and species of caligid copepod from the western Caribbean Sea

A new genus and species of parasitic copepod collected from the fishes Calamus pennatula and Clepticus parrae from off Belize, Central America is described. The new genus is characterized by a very reduced sternal furca, a pair of sclerotized knobs between the interpodal plates of the first and second legs, and endopod of third leg with 4 setae.     

Contribution to the taxonomy of Gryllus Linnaeus, 1758 in South America: Part I: Redescription of Gryllus argentinus Saussure, 1874 (Orthoptera,Grylloidea, Gryllidae)

The genus Gryllus includes 82 described species that occur in America from Canada to Argentina as well as in several areas of Africa, Europe and Asia. There are 12 species in South America, which were described in the nineteenth century based on a small number of samples and inconsistent characters such as body coloration and external morphology. The aim of this article is to redescribe Gryllus argentinus Saussure, 1874 collected in the urban areas of Pelotas, Capão do Leão and Rio Grande, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, highlighting phallic sclerites, calling song and body morphometry. We designate the lectotype male, provide a combination of diagnostic characteristics and discuss the taxonomic situation of South American Gryllus species.     

STUDIES OF CARBONIFEROUS FUNGI. II. THE STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF MYCOCARPON,SPOROCARPON, DUBIOCARPON,AND COLEOCARPON (ASCOMYCOTINA)

The problematic organism, Sporocarpon, was among the first fossil fungi to be described. The genus was actually a heterogeneous assemblage of fungal forms, and was eventually divided into several taxa including Sporocarpon, Dubiocarpon, and Mycocarpon. In the present paper these organisms, as well as a similar, previously undescribed genus, Coleocarpon; are described from Lower, Middle, and Upper Pennsylvanian strata in North America, and from Upper Carboniferous sediments in England. Although initially considered to be radiolarian-like protozoa, these structures show far more similarity to ascomycetous cleistothecia. All forms are ornamented, spherical bodies with a complex wall which encloses scattered asci and ascospores. Taxa are distinguished primarily by differences in the organization of the cleistothecial wall. Structurally similar organisms are found today among the Eurotiales.     

A discovery of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cabrieroceras</Emphasis> (Werneroceratidae,Ammonoidea) in Salair

The ammonoid genus Cabrieroceras Bogoslovsky is recorded for the first time from the Eifelian of Salair (from the Safonovo Horizon). These ammonoids date the host rocks as the Cabrieroceras crispiforme Zone, recognized in many sections in Western Europe, North America, and North Africa. The taxonomy of the genus Cabrieroceras is discussed, and a new species, C. salairicum Nikolaeva, is described.     

Allocyclops silvaticus sp. n. (Copepoda,Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae), the first representative of the genus in South America

Allocyclops silvaticus sp. n. is described from cultures of leaf litter collected in Atlantic rain forest in the State of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. It is the first record of the genus in South America.     

A new species of Leptodiaptomus (Copepoda, Diaptomidae) from Northwestern Mexico with comments on the distribution of the genus

A new species of the freshwater planktonic copepod genus Leptodiaptomus is described for a small pond in Northwestern Mexico. Leptodiaptomus dodsoni n. sp. can be easily distinguished mainly by the presence of an unusually large sinusoid spine on male antennular segment 13, and by the features of the fifth legs of both sexes. This genus is known to be distributed mainly in North America with 19 recognized species. Of these, six ocur in Mexico, and the new species seems to be closely related to most of them. It is probable that this group of species (including the new one) represents the southwards radiation of the genus from North America. Compared to the Caribbean and South American, the North American influence seems to be the most relevant for diaptomid copepods in Mexico. At least two Mexican species of Leptodiaptomus, including L.dodsoni, are restricted in distributional range to high-altitude temporal ponds, and both could be considered endemics.      

Bryocyclops caroli sp.n. (Crustacea,Copepoda, Cyclopoida), the first representative of the genus in South America

Bryocyclops caroli sp.n. is described and recorded as the first representative of this genus in South America. It is a leaf-mould dweller and has been collected in humid litter, a habitat unknown until now for the genus.     

A FOSSIL EQUISETUM SP. (FAMILY EQUISETACEAE,SUBGENUS HIPPOCHAETAE) FROM THE LATE TERTIARY ASH HOLLOW FORMATION OF NEBRASKA

Silicified leaf-sheath fragments of Equisetum sp. are described from Late Tertiary strata in west-central Nebraska. The close affinity of these fossils to the subgenus Hippochaetae is supported by the presence of sunken stomata arranged in two regular rows on each leaf-sheath segment. This is the first report of the genus Equisetum from the late Tertiary Ash Hollow Formation of central North America.     

Two new Neotropical species of Perithreticus Vaillant 1973 (Diptera: Psychodidae,Psychodinae)

The genus Perithreticus is recorded for the first time from Central America and the Caribbean. Two new species are described and figured: P. arboscandens Kvifte & Andersen, n. sp. from Zurquí, San José Province, Costa Rica and P. guantanamera Kvifte & Andersen, n. sp. from Alexander von Humboldt National Park, Guantánamo Province, Cuba. The generic diagnosis is emended to accommodate the newly described species, and a key to the males of the Perithreticus species of the world is presented.     

The Neotropical species of Notalina,a southern group of long-horned caddisflies (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)*

The leptocerid trichopteran genus Notalina is recorded from the South American continent for the first time. Seven new species are described in it and placed in a new subgenus, Neonotalina: N.brasiliana, N.morsei, N.cipo and N.hamiltoni from southeastern Brazil, comprise the brasiliana species-group, and N.roraima from Venezuela, N.nanay from Peru and N.matthiasi from Colombia form the roraima species-group. Notalina (Neonotalina) is identifiable by the presence of a long, slender baso-mesal process on the male inferior appendage. The two species-groups may be distinguished by the morphology of the male phallus. The historical biogeography of the genus in South America is discussed.     

Cladistics and revision of Alitocoris with considerations on the phylogeny of the Herrichella clade (Hemiptera,Pentatomidae, Discocephalinae,Ochlerini)

Alitocoris Sailer, 1950, consists of four valid species described from Central America. In a recent cladistic analysis of Ochlerini, the genus was considered paraphyletic in the Herrichella Distant, 1911, group of taxa. The present study provides a cladistic analysis of the Herrichella clade, using 88 morphological characters and 40 taxa representing 21 genera of Ochlerini, including all known species of Alitocoris plus 16 new species. Outgroups included Eritrachys bituberculata Ruckes, 1959, Phereclus pluto Stål, 1862, and Adoxoplatys comis Breddin, 1903, with the last used for rooting. The cladistic analysis was conducted using TNT under heuristic searches and implied weighting of characters; 11 K‐values calculated for an average character fit ranged from 50 to 90% of a perfectly hierarchical character. The results corroborated the paraphyly of Alitocoris, calling for changes in the classification of the genus with the proposition of three new genera for two, three, and ten species, respectively, that will be described elsewhere. Alitocoris is redescribed and a key for the species is presented. Alitocoris brunneus, Alitocoris maculosus, and Alitocoris parvus are removed from the genus, and the new species Alitocoris grandis sp. nov. , Alitocoris lateralis sp. nov. , and Alitocoris ornatus sp. nov. are described. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London     

Ogmogaster heptalineatus n.sp. (Trematoda: Notocotylidae) from the Chilean sea lion Otaria flavescens

Summary Ogmogaster heptalineatus n.sp. is described from the Chilean sea lion Otaria flavescens. Distinct characteristics of the species are: presence of 7 longitudinal ridges on the ventral surface, cirrus armed with scales, testes and ovary deeply lobed and eggs circular with short polar filaments. This is the first report of the genus Ogmogaster from South America and the first report of Otaria flavescens as a host for this genus. ac]19820320