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1.
Crude extracts or supernatants of broken cells of Clostridium formicoaceticum reduce unbranched, branched, saturated and unsaturated carboxylates at the expense of carbon monoxide to the corresponding alcohols. The presence of viologens with redox potentials varying from E 0=-295 to-650 mV decreased the rate of propionate reduction. The more the propionate reduction was diminished the more formate was formed from carbon monoxide. The lowest propionate reduction and highest formate formation was observed with methylviologen. The carbon-carbon double bond of E-2-methyl-butenoate was only hydrogenated when a viologen was present. Formate as electron donor led only in the presence of viologens to the formation of propanol from propionate. The reduction of propionate at the expense of a reduced viologen can be followed in cuvettes. With respect to propionate Michaelis Menten behavior was observed. Experiments are described which lead to the assumption that the carboxylates are reduced in a non-activated form. That would be new type of biological reduction.Non-standard abbreviations glc Gas liquid chromatography - HPLC high performance liquid chromatography - RP reverse phase; Mediators (the figures in parenthesis of the mediators are redox potentials E 0 in mV) - CAV2+ carbamoylmethylviologen, 1,1-carbamoyl-4,4-dipyridinium dication (E 0=-296 mV) - BV2+ benzylviologen, 1,1-dibenzyl-4,4-dipyridinium dication (E 0=-360 mV) - MV methylviologen, 1,1-dimethyl-4,4-dipyridinium-dication (E 0=-444 mV) - DMDQ2+ dimethyldiquat, 4,4-dimethyl-2,2-dipyridino-1,1-ethylendication (E 0=-514 mV) - TMV2+ tetramethylviologen, 1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-4,4-dipyridinium dication (E 0=-550 mV) - PDQ2+ propyldiquat, 2,2-dipyridino-1,1-propenyl dication (E 0=-550 mV) - DMPDQ2+ dimethylpropyldiquat, 4,4-dimethyl-2,2-dipyridino-1,1-propenyl dication (E 0=-656 mV) - PN productivity number=mmol product (obtained by the uptake of one pair of electrons) x (biocatalyst (dry weight) kg)-1×h-1  相似文献   

2.
Transitions in growth irradiance level from 92 to 7 Em-2 s-1 and vice versa caused changes in the pigment contents and photosynthesis of Oscillatoria agardhii. The changes in chlorophyll a and C-phycocyanin contents during the transition from high to low irradiance (HL) were reflected in photosynthetic parameters. In the LH transition light utilization efficiencies of the cells changed faster than pigment contents. This appeared to be related to the lowering of light utilization efficiencies of photosynthesis. As a possible explanation it was hypothesized that excess photosynthate production led to feed back inhibition of photosynthesis. Time-scales of changes in the maximal rate of O2 evolution were discussed as changes in the number of reaction centers of photosystem II in relation to photosynthetic electron transport. Parameters that were subject to change during irradiance transitions obeyed first order kinetics, but hysteresis occurred when comparing HL with LH transients. Interpretation of first order kinetic analysis was discussed in terms of adaptive response vs changes in growth rate.Non-standard abbreviations Chla chlorophyll a - CPC C-phycocyanin - PS II photosystem II - PS I photosystem I - RC II reaction center of photosystem II - P photosynthetic O2-evolution - I irradiance, Em-2 s-1 - light utilization efficiency of cells, mmol O2·mg dry wt-1·h-1/Em-2 s-1 - light utilization efficiency of photosynthetic apparatus, mol O2·mol Chla -1·h-1/Em-2 s-1 - Pmax maximal rate of O2 evolution by cells, mol O2·mg dry wt-1·h-1 - Pmax maximal rate of O2 evolution by photosynthetic apparatus, mol O2·mol·Chla -1·h-1 - LL low light, E m-2 s-1 - HL high light, E m-2 s-1 - LH low to high light transition - HL high to low light transition - k specific rate of adaptation, h-1 - specific growth rate, h-1 - Q pool size of cell constituent, mol·mg dry wt-1 - q net synthesis rate of cell constituent, mol·mg dry wt-1·h-1  相似文献   

3.
    
The limited proteolytic pattern of transducin,G t , and its purified subunits with chymotrypsin were analyzed and the cleavage sites on the t subunit were identified. The t subunit in the GTPS bound form was cleaved into a major 38 kD fragment, whereas t -GDP was progressively digested into 38, 23, 21, and 15 kD fragments. The t subunit was not very sensitive to proteolytic digestion with chymotrypsin. The t subunit was not cleaved and only a small portion of t was digested into several fragments. In order to determine which proteolytic fragment of t still contained the carboxyl terminal region, chymotrypsinization was carried out usingG t previously32P-labeled at Cys347 by petrussis toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation. The32P-label was mainly associated with the t subunit and a 15 kD fragment. The 23 and 21 kD fragments were not32P-labeled. Analysis of amino terminal sequences of 38, 21, and 15 kD proteolytic bands allowed the identification of the major cleavage sites. Chymotrypsin had two cleavage sites in the amino terminal region of t , at Leu15 and Leu19. Chymotrypsin removed 15–19 amino acid residues from the amino terminus of t , generating two peptides (38 kD) which comigrates in gel electrophoresis. Chymotrypsin also cleaved at Trp207 in a conformation-dependent manner. Trp207 of t -GTPS was resistant to proteolysis but t -GDP and the 38 kD fragments of t -GDP produced the 23 and 21 kD fragments, respectively, and a 15 kD fragment containing the carboxyl terminus. This proves that the environment of Trp207 changes when GTP or GTPS is bound, leading to its inaccessibility to chymotrypsin.  相似文献   

4.
Fowl plague virus, strain Dutch, was metabolically labeled withd-[2-3H]mannose, or withd-[6-3H]glucosamine, and the small subunit (HA2; 0.8 mg in total) of the viral hemagglutinin was isolated by preparative sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After proteolytic digestion, the radioactive oligosaccharides were sequentially liberated from the glycopeptides by treatment with different endo--N-acetylglucosaminidases and with peptide:N-glycosidase or, finally, by hydrazinolysis. In this manner, four groups of glycans could be obtained by consecutive gel filtrations and were subfractionated by HPLC. The structures of the individual oligosaccharides were analyzed by micromethylation, by acetolysis or by digestion with exoglycosidases. The major species amongst the high mannose glycans at Ans-406 of the viral glycopolypeptide were found to be Man1-2Man1-3(Man1-2Man1-6)Man1-6(Man1-2Man1-2Man1-3)Man1-4GlcNac1-4GlcNAc and Man1-3(Man1-2Man1-6)Man1-6(Man1-2Man1-2Man1-3)Man1-4GlcNAc1-4GlcNAc, while the complex glycans at Asn-478 are predominantly GlcNAc1-2Man1-3(GlcNAc1-2Man1-6)Man1-4GlcNAc1-4GlcNAc (lacking, in part, one of the outerN-acetylglucosamine residues) and GlcNAc1-2Man1-3(Gal1-4GlcNAc1-2Man1-6)Man1-4GlcNAc1-4GlcNAc.Abbreviation BSA bovine serum albumin - endo D (F,H) endo--N-acetyl-d-glucosaminidase D (F,H) - HA hemagglutinin (HA1, large subunit of HA - HA2 small subunit - FPV fowl plague virus - PNGase F peptide:N-glycosidase F - SDS sodium dodecylsulfate  相似文献   

5.
Summary The inheritance of the dwarf plant type was studied in blackgram (V. mungo (L.) Hepper). Type 9 has erect plant type with normal internode length. The mutant line, EMSD has reduced internode length. The F1, F2 and F3 generations of a cross between Type 9 and EMSD and its reciprocal were studied. The extreme dwarf plant type appeared to be governed by a single recessive gene, dw 1 dw 1 with no cytoplasmic effect.Part of Ph.D. Thesis submitted by the first author  相似文献   

6.
We present the results of a 5-year examination of variation in the stable carbon isotope composition () of three C3 graminoid species from a Sandhills prairie: Agropyron smithii, Carex heliophila and Stipa comata. Although consistent species-specific patterns for mean were seen, there was also significant and substantial among-year and within-season variation in . A smaller contribution to variation in came from topographic variation among sampling sites. Effects of species, year, season and topography contribute to variation in in an additive manner. An association between climate and exists that is consistent with previous work suggesting that reflects the interplay between photosynthetic gas exchange and plant water relations. Within the growing season, the time over which integrates plant response to the environment ranges from days to months.  相似文献   

7.
The effects of anions on inorganicpyrophosphate-dependent H+-transport in isolated tonoplast vesicles from oat (Avena sativa L.) roots were determined. Both fluorescent and radioactive probes were used to measure formation of pH gradients and membrane potential in the vesicles. Pyrophosphate hydrolysis by the H+-translocating pyrophosphatase was unaffected by anions. Nonetheless, some anions (Cl-, Br- and NO3-) stimulated H+-transport while others (malate, and iminodiacetate) did not. These differential effects were abolished when the membrane potential was clamped at zero mV using potassium and valinomycin. Stimulation of H+-transport by Cl- showed saturation kinetics whereas that by NO3- consisted of both a saturable component and a linear phase. For Cl- and NO3-, the saturable phase had a K m of about 2 mol·m-3. The anions that stimulated H+-transport also dissipated the membrane potential (.) generated by the pyrophosphatase. It is suggested that the stimulatory anions cross the tonoplast in response to the positive generated by the pyrophosphatase, causing dissipation of and stimulation of pH, as expected by the chemiosmotic hypothesis. The work is discussed in relation to recent studies of the effects of anions on ATP-dependent H+-transport at the tonoplast, and its relevance to anion accumulation in the vacuole in vivo is considered.Abbreviations and symools BTP 1,3-bis[tris(hydroxymethyl)-methylamino]-propane - EGTA ethylene glycol-bis(-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid - Hepes 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine ethanesulphonic acid - IDA iminodiacetate - membrane potential - pH pH gradient - PPase inorganic pyrophosphatase - PPi morganic pyrophosphate  相似文献   

8.
The cultivation of the hyperthermophilic archaeobacterium Pyrococcus woesei on starch under continuous gassing (80% H2:20% CO2) caused the formation of 250 U/l of an extremely thermoactive and thermostable -amylase. In a complex medium without elemental sulphur under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 atmosphere enzyme production could be elevated up to 1000 U/l. Pyrococcus woesei grew preferentially on poly-and oligosaccharides. The amylolytic enzyme formation was constitutive. Enzyme production was also observed in continuous culture at dilution rates from 0.1 to 0.4 h-1. A 20-fold enrichment of -amylase was achieved after adsorption of the enzyme onto starch and its desorption by preparative gel electrophoresis. The -amylase consisted of a single subunit with a molecular mass of 70 000 and was catalytically active at a temperature range between 40°C and 130°C. Enzymatic activity was detected even after autoclaving at a pressure of 2 bars at 120°C for 5 h. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed exclusively -1,4-glycosidic linkages present in glucose polymers of various sizes. Unlike many -amylases from anaerobes the enzyme from P. woesei was unable to attack short chain oligosaccharides with a chain length between 2 and 6 glucose units.  相似文献   

9.
Vanadium uptake by whole cells and isolated cell walls of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied. When orthovanadate was added to wild-type S. cerevisiae cells growing in rich medium, growth was inhibited as a function of the VO4 3- concentration and the growth was completely arrested at a concentration of 20 mM of VO4 3- in YEPD. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to obtain structural and dynamic information about the cell-associated paramagnetic vanadyl ion. The presence of EPR signals indicated that vanadate was reduced by whole cells to the vanadyl ion. On the contrary, no EPR signals were detected after interaction of vanadate with isolated cell walls. A mobile and an immobile species associated in cells with small chelates and with macromolecular sites, respectively, were identified. The value of rotational correlation time r indicated the relative motional freedom at the macromolecular site. A strongly immobilized vanadyl species bound to polar sites mainly through coulombic attractions was detected after interaction of VO2+ ions with isolated cell walls.  相似文献   

10.
In the aquatic liverwort Riccia fluitans, the uptake of 14C-labeled 3-O-methyl glucose (3-OMG) and membrane depolarization ( m ) caused by different hexoses has been studied as a function of time and concentration of hexose, K+ and H+, respectively. The rate of uptake of the non-metabolized 3-OMG shows two components: (A)A pH-dependent saturable uptake with a km value around 0.1 mM which saturates at 2.1 and 7.2 mol G DW -1 h-1 at pH 6.8 and 5.0, respectively; and (B) a pH-insensitive uptake component which increases linearly with the external 3-OMG concentration and does not saturate 4 mM. Hexoses rapidly depolarize the plasmalemma of the thallus cell and increase its electrical conductance. The maximal m was 60±2 mV, the concentrations (mM) for half-maximal m were 0.24 glucose, 0.32 galactose, 0.37 2-deoxy glucose, 0.38 3-OMG, 0.57 mannose, and 34 fructose. In terms of a hexose carrier model and an equivalent circuit for the hexose-induced depolarized state of the membrane, it is proposed that a hexose carrier operates either electrogenically in its protonated, pH-and voltage-sensitive state, or by transmembrane diffusion of its uncharged state.Symbols and Abbreviations m membrane potential (mV) - g m membrane (slope) conductance (Sm-2) - 3-OMG 3-O-methyl glucose  相似文献   

11.
A rapid procedure is described for the separation of CMP-sialic acid:lactosylceramide sialyltransferase reaction components using Sep Pak C18 cartridges. The quantitative separation of the more polar nucleotide sugar, CMP-sialic acid, and its free acid from the less polar GM3-ganglioside is simple and rapid relative to previously described methods. Recovery of GM3 is optimized by the addition of phosphatidylcholine to the reaction mixture prior to the chromatographic step. Using rat liver Golgi membranes as a source of CMP-sialic acid: lactosylceramide sialyltransferase activity (GM3 synthase; ST-1), the transfer of [14C] sialic acid from CMP-[14C] sialic acid to lactosylceramide can be quantified by this assay. The procedure is reliable and may be applicable to the isolation of ganglioside products in otherin vitro glycosyltransferase assays.Abbreviations GM3 GM3-ganglioside - II3NeuAc-LacCer NeuAc2-3Gal1-4Glc1-1Cer - GD1a GD1a-ganglioside, IV3NeuAc, II3NeuAc-GgOse4Cer, NeuAc2-3Gal1-3GalNac1-4(NeuAc2-3)Gal1-4Glc1-1Cer - GD3 GD3-ganglioside, II3(NeuAc)2LacCer, NeuAc2-8NeuAc2-3Gal1-4Glc1-1Cer - GgOse4Cer asialo-GM1 Gal1-3GalNAc1-4Gal1-4Glc1-1Cer - FucGMI fucosyl-GMI-ganglioside, Fuc1-2Gal1-3GalNAc1-4Gal1-4 Glc1-1Cer - ST-1 GM3 synthase, CMP-sialic acid:lactosylceramide sialyltransferase - LacCer lactosylceramide, Gal1-4Glc1-1Cer - CMP-NeuAc cytidine 5-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid - PC phosphatidylcholine - PMSF phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride  相似文献   

12.
The cyclic 35-nucleotide phosphodiesterase D3 was purified from Sinorhizobium fredii MAR-1. The native enzyme had a molecular weight of approximately 44.5kDa and a subunit molecular weight of approximately 21kDa as judged by SDS-gel electrophoresis. The pH optimum of the enzyme for the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP was approximately 6.0 with both acetate and Tris-maleate buffers. The optimum temperature for hydrolysing cyclic AMP was approximately 50C. No metal ion was required for activity and EDTA up to 2.5mM did not markedly affect the enzyme. However, methylxanthines, adenine and adenosine as well as 5-AMP, ATP, ADP and metal ions like Zn2+, Fe2+, Pb2+, Al3+ and Fe3+, were strongly inhibitory at 2.5mM.The D3 enzyme could hydrolyse both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP with the apparent K m for cyclic AMP of approximately 0.23M.  相似文献   

13.
We analyzed the effects of nifedipine on a family of recombinant low-threshold Ca2+ channels functionally expressed in Xenopus oocytes and formed by three different subunits (1G, 1H, and 1I). The 1G and 1I channels demonstrated a low sensitivity to nifedipine even in high concentrations (IC50 = 98 and 243 M, maximum blocking intensity Amax = 25 and 47%, respectively). At the same time, the above agent effectively blocked channels formed by the 1H-subunit (IC50 = 5 M and Amax = 41%). The nifedipine-caused effects were voltage-dependent, and their changes depended on the initial state of the channel. In the case of 1G-subunits, the blockade was determined mostly by binding of nifedipine with closed channels, whereas in the cases of 1H- and 1I-subunits this resulted from binding of nifedipine with channels in the activated and inactivated states. The obtained data allow us to obtain estimates of the pharmacological properties of the above three subtypes of recombinant channels and, in the future, to compare these characteristics with the properties of low-threshold Ca2+ channels in native cells.  相似文献   

14.
The effect of pH and transmembrane pH on the efficiency of the proton pump of the mitochondrialbc 1 complex bothin situ and in the reconstituted state was studied. In both cases the H+/e ratio for vectorial proton translocation by thebc 1 complex respiring at the steady state, under conditions in which the transmembrane pH difference (pH) represents the only component of the proton motive force (p), was significantly lower than that measured under level flow conditions. The latter amounts, at neutral pH, to 1 (2 including the scalar H+ release). In the reconstituted system steady-state pH was modulated by changing the intravesicular buffer as well as the intra/extra-liposomal pH. Under these conditions the H+/e ratio varied inversely with the pH. The data presented show that pH exerts a critical control on the proton pump of thebc 1 complex. Increasing the external pH above neutrality caused a decrease of the level flowH +/e ratio. This effect is explained in terms of proton/electron linkage inb cytochromes.  相似文献   

15.
Whole cells of the extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus HB8 contained a membrane-bound respiratory chain (comprised of nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase, menaquinone, and cytochromes b, c, aa3, o), which exhibited a maximumH+/O quotient of approximately 8 g-ion H+·g-atom O-1 for the oxidation of endogenous substrates. Whole cell respiration at 70° at the expense of endogenous substrates or ascorbate-TMPD generated a transmembrane protonmotive force (p) of up to 197 mV and an intracellular phosphorylation poteintial (Gp), measured under similar conditions, of approximately 43.9 kJ·mol-1.The measured Gp/p ratio thus indicated anH+/ATP quotient of approximately 2.3 g-ion H+·mole ATP-1. Glucose-limited continuous cultures of T. thermophilus at 60°, 70° and 78.5° exhibited extremely low moler growth yields (Y O2 max 27.6 g cells·mol O 2 -1 ; Y glucose max 64.4 g cells ·mol glucose-1) compared with mesophilic bacteria of similar respiratory chain composition and proton translocation efficiency. These low yields are probably at least partly explained by the extremely high permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane to H+, which thus causes the cells to respire rapidly in order to maintain the protonmotive force at a level commensurate with cell growth.Abbreviations TPMP+ triphenylmethylphosphonium cation - FCCP carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxy phenythydrazone - TMPD N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-p-phenylene diamine  相似文献   

16.
The orientation behavior of walking flies, Drosophila melanogaster, towards a single 6° wide black vertical stripe (elementary stripe) can be explained by use of the turning tendency function H(). This function is characterized by maximal values at an angular distance of =25° from the stable zero position (=orienting direction), a sharp decline from this maximum to =60°, and a very slow approach to the unstable zero position (Horn and Wehner, 1975). The shape of this function is influenced by both translatory and rotatory components of movement. If the translatory component is minimized by measuring the turning function W() (see 2.3) at a distance of 10 mm (C1) from the center of the arena, a change in the strength of this decline is caused. But with increasing translatory component, i.e. at a greater distance from the center of the arena, W() approximates the heuristical function H() (Fig. 12). The turning functions W() are pattern-specific; the angular positions of the maximum responses shift to greater angles with increasing width of the patterns (Fig. 2). In the twopattern configuration with double or single stripes, there is always a coincidence between the stable zero positions of W (), the mean of the frequency distributions P() of the flies' positions and n g() of the straight courses, and the stable zero positions of H () obtained from an additive superposition of two or more angular shifted turning tendency functions H() (Fig. 5, 7). Therefore, the mean positions of the flies in a multi-stripe experiment composed of elementary stripes can be predicted from the addition of many angular shifted turning tendency functions H(). Between H() and the frequency distribution P() of the flies' positions , the following formula holds: P() =C·H()d (Fig. 13). With this equation, the spontaneous preference of the broader of two double stripes can be explained presuming lateral interactions between the components of the patterns (Fig. 8, 10). The strength x i * of this lateral interaction depends on the width of the double stripes. The greater , the smaller is x i * . x i * is a pattern-specific value (Table 1, 2).Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Ho 664/2  相似文献   

17.
The role of de novo synthesis in the regulation of adenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity by H2S inLemna minor L. was investigate using density labeling with15N applied as15NO 3 in the culture medium. While adenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity was rapidly reduced by H2S and rapidly recovered upon removal of H2S, O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase (EC 4.2.99.8) did not show changes in extractable activity in response to H2S and could therefore be used as an internal marker enzyme for density labeling. The incorporation of15N into adenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase was strongly reduced upon transfer of plants into a H2S-containing atmosphere. Half-maximal labeling was reached only after 70–80 h compared to 40–50 h in the control. After removal of H2S, adenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity increased to the initial level within 20 h, and the enzyme reached halfmaximal labeling after only 15 h. The time course of the density increase of O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase was not affected very significantly by H2S. These results provide evidence that de novo synthesis of enzyme protein is involved in the regulation of adenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity by H2S.Abbreviations APS adenosine 5-phosphosulfate - APSSTase adenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase - BSA Bovine serum albumine - DTE dithioerythritol - OAS O-acetyl-L-serine - OASSase O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase - POPOP 1,4-bis-(5-phenyl-2-oxazolyl)-benzene - PPO 2,5-diphenyloxazole This is no. 9 in the series Regulation of Sulfate Assimilation in Plants  相似文献   

18.
Summary The following equations represent the influence of the ethanol concentration (E) on the specific growth rate of the yeast cells () and on the specific production rate of ethanol () during the reactor filling phase in fed-batch fermentation of sugar-cane blackstrap molasses: = 0 - k · E and v = v 0 · K/(K +E) Nomenclature E ethanol concentration in the aqueous phase of the fermenting medium (g.L–1) - Em value of E when = 0 or = 0 (g.L–1) - F medium feeding rate (L.h–1) - k empirical constant (L.g–1.h–1) - K empirical constant (g.L–1) - Mas mass of TRS added to the, reactor (g) - Mcs mass of consumed TRS (g) - Me mass of ethanol in the aqueous phase of the fermenting medium (g) - Ms mass of TRS in the aqueous phase of the fermenting medium (g) - Mx mass of yeast cells (dry matter) in the fermenting medium (g) - r correlation coefficient - S TRS concentration in the aqueous phase of the fermenting medium (g.L–1) - Sm TRS concentration of the feeding medium (g.L–1) - t time (h) - T temperature (° C) - TRS total reducing sugars calculated as glucose - V volume of the fermenting medium (L) - V0 volume of the inoculum (L) - X yeast cells concentration (dry matter) in the fermenting medium (g.L–1) - filling-up time (h) - specific growth rate of the yeast cells (h–1) - 0 value of when E=0 - specific production rate of ethanol (h–1) - 0 value of when E=0 - density of the yeast cells (g.L–1) - dry matter content of the yeast cells  相似文献   

19.
During chloroplast development in the primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris, the extractable activity of adenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase increased ten-fold. When chloroplast development took place in air enriched with 3.5 l H2S·l-1 there was a decrease in adenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity. Cyst(e)ine in concentrations up to 1 mM (in the external medium) did not affect the increase in adenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity in intact plants. In plants with excised roots, 0.75 mM cyst(e)ine inhibited this increase. In green primary leaves, H2S or cyst(e)ine treatment resulted in a decrease of extractable adenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity. In intact plants, this effect of cyst(e)ine was observed at a concentration of 1 mM, and in plants with excised roots, 0.25 mM had a comparable effect.In developing plants, the extractable activities of O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase (EC 4.2.99.9) and ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39.) were not affected by H2S or cyst(e)ine.Abbreviations APS adenosine 5-phosphosulfate - APSSTase adenosine 5phosphosulfate sulfotransferase - BSA bovine serum albumin - DTE dithioerythritol - EDTA ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid - OASSase O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase - PAPS adenosine 3-phosphate 5-phosphosulfate - POPOP 1,4 Di 2-(5-phenyloxazolyl)-benzene - PPO 2,5-diphenyloxazol - RubP ribulose-bisphosphate - RubPCase ribulosebiphosphate carboxylase This is no. 8 in the series Regulation of Sulfate Assimilation in Plants. The term cysteine is used when it is clear that cystine is not involved; cyst(e)ine is used for an undefined mixture of cysteine and cystine. The concentrations are expressed in all cases relative to cysteine  相似文献   

20.
The boron tolerance of two summer squash cultivars (Cucurbita pepo L. Aristocrat Zucchini and Peter Pan Scallop) and one winter squash cultivar (Cucurbita moschata Poir. Butter boy) was determined in large, outdoor sand cultures. Boron treatments were imposed by irrigation with culture solutions that contained 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0, 12.0, or 15.0 mg B L-1. Relative fruit yields of Zucchini, Scallop, and Butter boy were reduced 5.2%, 9.8%, and 4.3% with each unit (mg L-1) increase in soil solution B (Bsw)>2.7, 4.9, and 1.0 mg B L-1, respectively. Reduced yields of all cultivars were attributed to a reduction in fruit number and not fruit size. Boron concentrations in leaves and fruit were directly correlated to Bsw.  相似文献   

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