丛赤壳科5个中国新记录种

对采自安徽、河南、湖北、云南和西藏等地的丛赤壳科标本进行系统分类研究,综合形态解剖、培养性状、DNA序列和无性阶段特征,报道5个中国新记录种：肯达拉赤壳Cosmospora khandalensis,翠绿赤壳C. viridescens,剑孢新赤壳Neocosmospora protoensiformis,罗杰森假赤壳Pseudocosmospora rogersonii和瘤顶赤壳Tumenectria laetidisca,对它们的宏微观特征和菌落形态进行了描述及图示。     

丛赤壳科4个中国新记录种

报道了采集于山东、河南、四川和云南的丛赤壳科4个中国新记录种：乌列沃光赤壳、假赤壳、瘤顶乳突赤壳和悬钩子乳突赤壳。对我国材料的宏观和微观特征进行了详细描述和图示,并与上述种的原始描述以及ITS和28S rDNA序列进行了比较。     

我国丛赤壳类真菌分类研究

丛赤壳类真菌是具有经济重要性的生物类群。该文回顾了我国该类分类研究的简史,概述近年来取得的相关研究进展,揭示我国该类真菌的物种丰富程度,展示建立在分类学基础上的真菌DNA条形码探索以及分子系统学研究成果,表明资源和分类研究与真菌天然产物研究联手的新发现。     

Corallomycetella属及以C. jatrophae为模式建立新属Corallonectria(丛赤壳科,肉座菌目)(英文)

对Corallomycetella属的概念进行了阐述,该属包括子实体为红色、在自然和培养条件下产生菌索的丛赤壳类真菌。根据对近期采集的标本的观察和多基因系统树分析的结果,广义的Corallomycetella repens形成2个分支,它们与生物地理因素相关联。狭义的Corallomycetella repens限于来自亚洲的标本,而C.elegans来自非洲和美洲。Corallomycetella属成熟的子囊孢子表面具有纤细条纹,此特征过去曾被忽略,C.jatrophae与广义的Neonectria属关系接近,而与C.repens和C.elegans关系较远;因而建立新属Corallonectria,其子囊壳表面细粉状,无性型为束丝结构并与镰孢菌相似。     

新疆小圆孔壳属，锥毛壳属及座坚壳属的分类研究

本文报道了新疆子囊菌小圆孔壳属(Amphisphaerella),锥毛壳属(Coniochaeta)和座坚壳属(Rosellinia)的7个种及1个变种,即:忍冬小圆孔壳(A.xylostei),梭梭锥毛壳(C.haloxylonis),木生锥毛壳(C.ligniaria),粉被锥毛壳(C.pulveracea),毛锥毛壳(C.sordaria),附孢座坚壳(R.aquila),乳头座坚壳(R.thelena)及尖孢座坚壳大孢变种(R.apiculata var.macrospora)。其中,梭梭锥毛壳为新组合种。忍冬小圆孔壳,木生锥毛壳,乳头座坚壳及尖孢座坚壳大孢变种为我国新记录(属)种。这3个属的真菌新疆过去均未报道过,为新疆新记录属。     

中国毛壳菌科研究Ⅰ. ——毛壳菌属的种

报道了毛壳菌属的十一个种,旋丝毛壳 Chaetomium bostrychodes,反卷毛壳 C. convolutum,舟形毛壳 C. cymbiforme,高大毛壳 C. elatum,粪生毛壳 C. funicola,球孢毛壳 C. globosporum,球毛壳 C. globosum,细丽毛壳 C. gracile,六孢毛壳 C. hexagonosporum,印度毛壳 C. indicum和近缘毛壳C. subaffine。其中包括四个中国新记录种:舟形毛壳 C. cymbiforme,球孢毛壳 C. globosporum,六孢毛壳 C. hexagonosporum和近缘毛壳 C. subaffine。根据我国的标本和菌种对新记录种作了描述,并附了显微照片。标本与菌种保存在西北农林科技大学真菌标本室 (HMUABO)。     

中国毛壳菌科研究Ⅰ. ——毛壳菌属的种

报道了毛壳菌属的十一个种,旋丝毛壳 Chaetomium bostrychodes,反卷毛壳 C. convolutum,舟形毛壳 C. cymbiforme,高大毛壳 C. elatum,粪生毛壳 C. funicola,球孢毛壳 C. globosporum,球毛壳 C. globosum,细丽毛壳 C. gracile,六孢毛壳 C. hexagonosporum,印度毛壳 C. indicum和近缘毛壳C. subaffine。其中包括四个中国新记录种:舟形毛壳 C. cymbiforme,球孢毛壳 C. globosporum,六孢毛壳 C. hexagonosporum和近缘毛壳 C. subaffine。根据我国的标本和菌种对新记录种作了描述,并附了显微照片。标本与菌种保存在西北农林科技大学真菌标本室 (HMUABO)。     

毛壳属的一个中国新记录种

<正>A Chaetomium specimen isolated from sheep wool in the glacier park of Akto County, Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China in 2007,     

赤瓟属的系统学研究

采用比较形态学方法,本文首次描述和记录了该属植物的传粉生物学特征以及传粉媒介,并讨论了造成该属某些种结实率低的原因。本文还同存赤ＢＯ属及其近缘属植物的分布式样以及它们的属下分类群的系统演化式样,确定了中国的横断山系和大巴山系地区是该属植物的现代分布中心和分化中心,而中国云南南部和中南半岛北部地区的性山地雨林是该属植物的起源中心。在综合大量资料的基础上,本文对赤Ｂｏ属作了分类学修订。确认该属有２２种     

Induction of cutinolytic esterase activity during saprophytic growth of cucurbit pathogens, Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae races one and two (Nectria haematococca MPI and MPV, respectively)

Cutins from fruit of Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata cultivars, apple and a C(16) alcohol (hexadecanol) were used to induce cutinolytic esterase activity during saprophytic growth of strains of the two cucurbit pathogens, Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae, race 1 (Nectria haematococca mating population (MPI) and F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae, race 2 (MPV). Four strains of MPV and 11 strains of MPI were were included in the study. Although we were primarily interested in the two cucurbit pathogens (MPI and MPV), six strains of the pea pathogen F. solani f. sp. pisi (MPVI) were included to provide a comparison since most of the knowledge on cutinase activity in N. haematococca has come from a study of that group. Cutinolytic esterase was induced in all strains from both MPV and MPVI but was not detected in any of the 11 strains from MPI regardless of the induction conditions. The amount of cutinolytic esterase activity induced in the MPV strains differed according to the strain and both the source and the amount of cutin used in the induction medium. Information on the influence of cutin source and pH on the induction of cutinolytic esterase activity during saprophytic growth of strains from MPV demonstrates that the gene is regulated differently from that in MPVI.     

Production and use of calli from yellow birch buds for in vitro assessment of virulence of Nectria galligena isolates

Field studies of perennial Nectria canker of northern hardwoods, caused by the ascomycete fungus Nectria galligena, are time-consuming since the disease develops slowly on the stem of trees. In this report, an in vitro bioassay is described for determining and comparing the virulence of different isolates of Nectria galligena by using calli produced from yellow birch buds. The technique facilitates the distinction between highly virulent and less virulent isolates of the pathogen within one week following the inoculation.     

花生侵脉新赤壳菌果腐病生防芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及防病效果

【目的】为了分离鉴定对花生侵脉新赤壳菌果腐病病原菌Neocosmospora vasinfecta具有抑制作用的根际芽孢杆菌。【方法】利用平板稀释法从花生的根际土壤分离芽孢杆菌,再采用平板对峙法筛选出对N.vasinfecta具有抑制作用的根际芽孢杆菌,通过形态观察、生理生化特性和分子生物学相结合的多相分类方法对生防根际芽孢杆菌进行分类鉴定,检测脂肽类抗生素合成基因类型,并进行花生侵脉新赤壳菌果腐病的田间防治试验。【结果】从花生根际土壤中分离到28株芽孢杆菌,其中对花生果腐病病原菌具有明显抑制作用有8株。多相分类法结果显示2株为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),6株为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B.amyloliquefaciens)。脂肽类抗生素合成基因检测显示,8株生防芽孢杆菌含有至少1种脂肽类抗生素,其中所有生防菌均含有丰原素B合成基因,推测这些芽孢杆菌对N.vasinfecta的抑制机制可能与脂肽类抗生素的合成相关。田间防病实验结果显示,B.amyloliquefaciens GF-3和GF-22制备的生物有机肥均能有效降低NPRP的发病指数,其防治效率分别为32.35%和79.41%,增产率分别为19.12%和25.85%。【结论】分离鉴定了2株对花生侵脉新赤壳菌果腐病具有明显防治效果的根际芽孢杆菌,这不仅为花生侵脉新赤壳菌果腐病的生防制剂研制提供了菌株,还为研究防治机理奠定了基础。     

Molecular assays reveal the presence and diversity of genes encoding pea footrot pathogenicity determinants in Nectria haematococca and in agricultural soils

Aim:  The aim of this study was to develop molecular assays for investigating the presence and diversity of pathogenicity genes from the pea footrot pathogen Nectria haematococca (anamorph Fusarium solani f.sp. pisi ) in soils.
Methods and Results:  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed to amplify four N. haematococca pathogenicity genes ( PDA , PEP1 , PEP3 and PEP5 ) from isolates and soil-DNA from five agricultural fields with a prior footrot history. A collection of 15 fungi isolated on medium selective for Fusarium spp. exhibited variation in their virulence to peas as assessed via a disease index (DI: 0–5; no virulence to the highest virulence). PCR analyses showed that three isolates in which all four pathogenicity genes were detected resulted in the highest DI (>3·88). All four pathogenicity genes were detected in soil-DNA obtained from all five fields with a footrot disease history, but were not amplified from soils, which had no footrot history. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and/or sequence analysis revealed diversity amongst the pathogenicity genes.
Conclusion:  The PCR assays developed herein enable the specific detection of pathogenic N. haematococca in soils without recourse to culture.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  Molecular assays that specifically target pathogenicity genes have the capacity to assess the presence of the footrot-causing pathogen in agricultural soils.