Ecology of sand flies (Diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) in the north of the state of Mato Grosso,Brazil

Peixoto de Azevedo is located in the north of State of Mato Grosso, where environmental alterations led to an outbreak of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the 80s. The parasite from patients was characterized as Leishmania (V.) braziliensis. The aim of this study is to contribute to the sand fly ecology of Central-West Brazil. Captures were carried out monthly using CDC light traps. Twenty-six species of sand fly were characterized; among which Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) spathotrichia, L. runoides and L. (Psychodopygus) llanosmartinsi were recorded in the State of Mato Grosso for the first time. L. (Nyssomyia) whitmani, L. (N.) antunesi, L. (L.) spathotrichia, L. (P.) c. carrerai, L. (P.) complexa, L. (P.) lainsoni and L. (N.) umbratilis constituted 92.4% of the local fauna, among which L. (N.) whitmani and L. (N.) antunesi, accounting for about 53% of the fauna at the stations of capture. On the vertical distribution of sand flies on the Beira-Rio Farm, L. (N.) whitmani and L. (N.) antunesi prevailed at ground level and in the canopy, respectively, whereas on the BR-080, L. (P.) llanosmartinsi was prevalent on the ground and L. (P.) c. carrerai, in the canopy. It is suggested that L. (N.) umbratilis is the local vector.     

西藏林芝真蚋亚属三新种（双翅目：蚋科）

本文记述西藏林芝真蚋亚属Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ三种：凸端真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｃｏｎｃａｖｕｓｔｙｌｕｍｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、林芝真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｌｉｎｇｚｉｅｎｓｅｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、裂缘真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｓｃｈｉｚｏｌｏｍｕｎｓｐ．ｎｏｖ 。     

Two new species of African Haemaphysalis ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), carnivore parasites of the H. (Rhipistoma) leachi group

Two new tick species belonging to the African Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) leachi subgroup, namely H. (R.) colesbergensis n. sp. and H. (R.) oliveri n. sp., are described. Haemaphysalis (R.) colesbergensis adults are easily differentiated from the other species of the H. (R.) leachi subgroup, including H. (R.) oliveri, by the spur on coxa IV, which is considerably longer than that on coxa III. The adults of the 2 new species are equal in size, but the dental formula of the hypostome of H. (R.) colesbergensis is 4/4 compared to 5/5 for H. (R.) oliveri. The dental formula of H. (R.) oliveri also distinguishes it from other ticks in the subgroup, namely H. (R.) leachi, H. (R.) elliptica, H. (R.) moreli, and H. (R.) punctaleachi (4/4 in these species), but not from H. (R.) paraleachi, which has a 5/5 dental arrangement. However, the average total length and width of H. (R.) oliveri males (2.47 x 1.20 mm) are considerably shorter and narrower than those of H. (R.) paraleachi males (3.81 x 1.79 mm). Similar differences in size apply to the females. Nymphs and larvae of H. (R.) colesbergensis and H. (R.) oliveri can be distinguished from those of other members of the H. (R.) leachi subgroup, as well as from each other, by a combination of the following characters: size and measurement ratios, length of posterodorsal and posteroventral spurs on palpal segment II, and number of denticles per file on the hypostome. Haemaphysalis (R.) colesbergensis is known only from South Africa, where it has been collected from domestic cats and dogs and medium-sized wild felids. Haemaphysalis (R.) oliveri is recorded only from Sudan, where it has been collected from small- to medium-sized wild felids and canids and an antelope. The hosts of the immature stages of H. (R.) colesbergensis are unknown, while nymphs of H. (R.) oliveri have been collected from rodents.     

A taxonomic revision of Labiostrongylus (Labiostrongylus) (Yorke & Maplestone, 1926) and Labiostrongylus (Labiomultiplex) n. subg. (Nematoda: Cloacinidae) from macropodid and potoroid marsupials

The morphological characters used to differentiate species in the genus Labiostrongylus Yorke & Maplestone, 1926, parasitic in macropodid and potoroid marsupials, are discussed. The genus is divided into three subgenera Labiostrongylus (Labiostrongylus), L. (Labiomultiplex) n. subg. and L. (Labiosimplex) n. subg. on the basis of the presence or absence of interlabia and the morphology of the oesophagus. A key to the subgenera is given and a detailed revision of two of the subgenera is presented. Keys to each of the subgenera are given, the species discussed being: L. (L.) labiostrongylus) (type-species) (syn. L. (L.) insularis, L. (L.) grandis, L. (L.) macropodis sp. inq. and L. (L.) nabarlekensis n. sp., in the subgenus Labiostrongylus, and L. (Lm.) eugenii, L. (Lm.) novaeguineae, L. (Lm.) onychogale, L. (Lm.) uncinatus, L. (Lm.) billardierii n. sp., L. (Lm.) constrictis n. sp., L. (Lm.) kimberleyensis n. sp., L. (Lm.) thylogale n. sp., and L. (Lm.) potoroi, n. sp., in the subgenus Labiomultiplex.     

丽盲蝽属(丽盲蝽亚属)中国种类修订(半翅目:盲蝽科:盲蝽亚科)(英文)

对丽盲蝽属 (丽盲蝽亚属 )Lygocoris (subg .Lygocoris)的中国种类作了修订。文中共包括 19个种 ,其中有 12新种 ,1个中国新纪录种 ,并包括 1项新等级的认定。即暗胝丽盲蝽L .(L .)calligersp .nov .(正模 :四川峨眉山九老洞 ) ,程氏丽盲蝽L .(L .)chengisp .nov .(正模 :四川峨眉山大乘寺 ) ,晕斑丽盲蝽L .(L .)diffusomaculatussp .nov .(正模 :甘肃榆中兴隆山 ) ,淡色丽盲蝽L .(L .)dilutussp .nov .(正模 :甘肃夏河县合作 ) ,锈褐丽盲蝽L .(L .) ferrugineussp .nov .(正模 :云南哀牢山 ) ,褐盾丽盲蝽L .(L .) fuscoscutel latus (Reuter ,190 6 )stat .nov .[由L .(L .)striicornisvar.fuscoscutellatus升为种级阶元 ],广西丽盲蝽L .(L .) guangxiensissp .nov .(正模 :广西龙胜 ) ,东亚丽盲蝽L .(L .)idoneus(Linnavuori,196 3) (中国新纪录种 ) ,完脊丽盲蝽L .(L .)integricarinatussp .nov .(甘肃榆中麻家寺 ) ,林氏丽盲蝽L .(L .)linnavuoriisp .nov .(云南哀牢山簸箕坝 ) ,长翅丽盲蝽L .(L .)longipennis (Reuter ,190 6 ) ,斑盾丽盲蝽L .(L .)maculis cutellatussp .nov .(四川理县刷经寺 ) ,原丽盲蝽L .(L .) pabulinus (Linnaeus ,176 1) ,红盾丽盲蝽L .(L .)rufiscutellatussp .nov .(甘     

中国寡鬃实蝇属分类研究(双翅目: 实蝇科)

对中国寡鬃实蝇属 Dacus Fabricius 进行了分类研究和厘订, 确认我国现知共有下列13种 (包括1新种): 版纳棍腹实蝇 Dacus (Callantra) bannatus (Wang), 对刺棍腹实蝇 D. (C.) bispinosus (Wang), 东方棍腹实蝇D. (C.) esakii (Shiraki), 台湾棍腹实蝇 D. (C.) formosanus (Tseng & Chu), 海口棍腹实蝇, 新种 D. (C.) haikouensis sp. nov., 瓜棍腹实蝇D. (C.) longicornis Wiedemann, 端纹棍腹实蝇 D. (C.) nummularius (Bezzi), 尖槐藤棍腹实蝇D. (C.) polistiformis (Senior-White), 越南棍腹实蝇 D. (C.) satanas (Hering), 中华棍腹实蝇 D. (C.) sinensis (Wang), 圆斑棍腹实蝇 D. (C.) sphaeroidalis (Bezzi), 三点棍腹实蝇D. (C.) trimacula (Wang) 和海南寡鬃实蝇 D. (Dacus) hainanus Wang & Zhao. 除描述一新种并附特征图外, 还提供了该属的中国种类修订名录和分种检索表.     

Characters: the central mystery of taxonomy and systematics

Taxonomic and systematic theory is hopelessly confused because the term character has nine different, previously confused, meanings. After a historical analysis, it is shown that some form pairs, one used in taxonomy (= operational identification of phenetic patterns of character x individual spread) and the other in systematics (= theoretical analysis of patterns of taxonomy). On the basis of a stratigramy model, names are given to each usage and are defined for taxonomy, then systematics, as necessary: component : (tax.) a defined bit-or-piece of one individual (no syst. meaning); homology : (tax.) conceptual identity of components of several individuals, attributable (syst.) to common ancestry; homology avatar : (tax.) case of recognized homology which (syst.) shows broad phylogenetic continuity (e.g. eye) (= character sensu Sokal and Sneath); homolostratum/homology state : (tax.) specified condition of a homology avatar whose distribution (syst.) enables cladogenetic happenings to be identified (e.g. colour:red/green/blue/etc.) (= character state of Sokal and Sneath); character sensu stricto : (tax.) homolostratum limited to a taxon which (syst.), with hierarchy, identifies chronological sequences of most cladogenetic happenings; taxonomoids : (tax.) mixed group of homolostrata, including yet unknown characters, that identifies a taxon and so (syst.) has same role as characters (= roughly symplesiomorphies); Ante- (Ah) and Post-(Ph) happening characters : (tax.) the hierarchy levels immediately above and below an empty level which (syst.) reveal a cladistic happening (= roughly one usage of synapomorphies and apomorphies).     

A new classification for the subgenera of the genus Acanthophthirius Perkins,with descriptions of twelve new taxa (Acarina,Trombidiformes, Myobiidae)

The myobiid genus Acanthophthirius Perkins, to date comprising four subgenera, is reviewed and divided into just two subgenera, the nominate subgenus and Myotimyobia Fain. The male genital shield and female opisthogastric sclerites, which are here considered to be part of female genitalia, are adopted as the criteria for dividing the subgenera. These structures are essentially the same in form and position in the subgenus Acanthopthirius in its revised sense, while they are both more heterogeneous in species of the redefined subgenus Myotimyobia. The subgenera Acanthophthirius Fain and Chiromyobia Fain are thought to represent species-groups in the nominate subgenus, named respectively the etheldredae and miniopteri groups. The following one new subspecies and 11 new species are described: A. (A.) womersleyi eptesicus, A. (A.) glauconycteris, A. (A.) mauritaniensis, A. (A.) philetoris, A. (A.) otonycteris, A. (A.) steatocaudatus, A. (A.) nyctophilis, A. (M.) vagus, A. (M.) longus A. (M.) baueris, A. (A.) hesperopteris (female only) and A. (M.) pixonixeos (female only). A. (M.) hanensis is synonymised with A. (M.) namurensis, and A. (M.) capacini is emended to A. (M.) capaccinii and relegated to a subspecies of A. (M.) myotis. All the known and new species are assigned to their respective subgenera and shown in a table. Incongruent host-relationships of some of the mites are clarified, although not completely solved, by the introduction of the new classification for the subgenera.     

中国直突摇蚊属两新纪录亚属记述(双翅目,摇蚊科)(英文)

记述中国直突摇蚊属两个新纪录亚属,寄莼直突摇蚊亚属Orthocladius(Pogonocladius)和钻木直突摇蚊亚属Orthocladius(Symposiocladius),雄成虫共5种,包括1新种O.(S.)futianensis sp.nov.,中国4新纪录种O.(P.)consobrinus(Holmgren),O.(S.)holsatus Goetghebuer,O.(S.)lignicolaKieffer和O.(S.)schnelli Sther,并编制了中国钻木直突摇蚊亚属4种雄虫检索表。新种模式标本均保存于南开大学生命科学学院摇蚊学研究室。     

The genus Asteriscus (Asteraceae-Inuleae)

Asteriscus Mill. is a genus belonging to the Inula -group of the Asteraceae-Inuleae. It is here delimited to contain three species, A. maritimus (L.) Less., A. hierochunticus (Michon) Wikl. (generally known as A. pygmaeus (DC.) Coss & Dur.) and A. spinosus (L.) Sch. Bip. (generally known as Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass.), growing largely in the Mediterranean and N African regions. The morphology, phytogeography, phylogeny and systematic position of all three species are discussed and a cladogram of the genus is presented.     

中国颊脊隐翅虫属比桑颊脊隐翅虫群三新亚种(鞘翅目,隐翅虫科,隐翅虫亚科)

记述中国四川颊脊隐翅虫属Quedius比桑颊脊隐翅虫群(beesoni group) 3新亚种,北川颊脊隐翅虫Q. (M.)noboruitoi beichuanensis,片口颊脊隐翅虫Q. (M.)noboruitoi piankouatilis,二郎山颊脊隐翅虫Q.(M.)noboruitoi erlangshanus。首次记录来自中国重庆的比桑颊脊隐翅虫Q. (M.)beesoni Cameron。列出了比桑颊脊隐翅虫群中国已知种和亚种检索表。     

深圳福田红树林生态造林方法技术研究

为了增加深圳红树林生物多样性而引种海南岛的银叶树、海芒果、海桑、水椰、海莲、地瓣海桑、正红树等,其技术关键是抗低温使引种成功,为了大面积造林成功,选择当地优势种秋茄,桐花树、白骨壤及木榄进行繁殖试验,其关键问题是不同种类适合于不同水深及淤泥深度,大面积造林成功的技术关键是种植时间、插植方法等。     

中国缟蝇亚科双鬃缟蝇属分类研究(双翅目,缟蝇科)(英文)

介绍了分布于我国的双鬃缟蝇属17种,包括2新种和4新纪录种,即Sapromyza (Notiosapromyza) ainanensis sp.nov.,Sapromyza (Sapromyza) ventistriata sp.nov.,S.(N.) longimentula Sasakawa,2001,S.(S.)annulifera M alloch,1929,S.(S.) sexmaculata Sasakawa,2001,S.(S.) septemnotata asakawa,2001,并编制了分种检索表。     

New species and records of Metriocnemus van der Wulp s. str. from China (Diptera,Chironomidae)

The Chinese species of Metriocnemus van der Wulp s. str., 1874 is reviewed. M. (M.) calcaneum sp. n. is described and illustrated as adult male. M. (M.) albolineatus (Meigen) is recorded from China for the first time. M. (M.) beringensis (Cranston & Oliver), M. (M.) bilobatus Makarchenko & Makarchenko, M. (M.) caudigus Sæther, M. (M.) intergerivus Sæther, M. (M.) tamaokui Sasa and M. (M.) tristellus Edwards are recorded from the Oriental Region for the first time. A key to the males of 17 Chinese Metriocnemus (Metriocnemus) species is given.     

New gastropods from East Pacific hydrothermal vents

The following new prosobranch species are described: Cyuthermia (gen.n.) naticoides, Lucunoidc (gen.n.) exquisitus (Neomphalidae); Peltospira Iamellifera, Pachydermia (gen.n.) laevis, Depressigyra (gen. n.) g1obulus. D. plunispira, Solutigyra (gen. n.) reticulata, Lirapex (gen. n.) humata, L. granularis (Peltospiridae); Bathymargarites (gen.n.) symplector (Trochidae) and Provanna mucleani (Littorinoidea). Shells and soft parts of the species are described and figured. One species each of Sinezona (Scissurellidae), Moel1rriopsis (Seguenzoidea) and Phymorrhynchus (Turridae) is recorded from East Pacific hydrothermal vents, but not identified to species. Information about feeding biology and type of larval development is given for most of these species. The systematic position of the new species of Neomphalidae and Peltospiridae is considered uncertain, but further anatomical investigations are in progress. The gastropod fauna of East Pacific sulphide-rich environments is summarized and composition, endemism, age. dispersal, predation, adaptations and feeding biology are discussed.     

《秦岭植物志》种子植物补遗——被子植物门的双子叶植物

报道了《秦岭植物志》遗漏的5种、2变种植物,它们分属于6科、7属,分别为:菊科的同花母菊、石竹科的须弥孩儿参和无毛漆姑草、禾本科的蒙古穗三毛(变种)、十字花科的毛葶苈、蓼科的狭叶圆穗蓼(变种)和败酱科的小花缬草。     

Revision of Leioproctus (Anacolletes) Michener and Description of a New Subgenus Leioproctus (Odontocolletes) (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)

Leioproctus (Anacolletes) is revised to contain only L. (A.) bimaculatus (Smith). A new subgenus, Leioproctus (Odontocolletes) , is erected. Four new species ( Leioproctus (Odontocolletes) asper, L. (O.) cardaleae, L. (O.) erythropyga and L. (O.) xanthozoster) are described and L. callurus (Cockerell), L. nomiaeformis (Cockerell), L. pachyodontus (Cockerell) and L. rudissimus (Cockerell) are transferred.     

紫苏、白苏的抑菌实验

用不同溶剂浸泡或处理紫苏后,进行抑菌实验,结果表明：１０％以上浓度的紫苏水浸液,１２．５％水煎液和乙醇提取液对白色念球菌、新型隐球菌以及红色毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌有较好的抑菌效果。紫苏、皱紫共、白苏对真菌均有抑菌作用,但皱紫苏对绿脓杆菌、白苏对克柔氏念球菌、白色念球菌以及绿脓杆菌效果更为明显。     

PISIDIIDAE FROM EARLY CRETACEOUS HEKOU FORMATION OF HEKOU BASIN, NINGHUA, FUJIAN

This paper describes three new species of Pisidiidae, Pisidium (P.) zhushutangense, Sphaerium(S.) pyrum and Sphaerium (S.) fujianense, assoeiated with very abundant Plicatounio (P.) naktongensis Kobayashi et Suzuki, Plicatounio (P.) fujianensis Gu et Ma and Trigonioides (T.) quadratus Gu et Ma from the Lower Cretaceous upper Hekou Formation of Zhushutang, Hekou Basin, Ninghhua, Fujian. In Japan, the last two species, Sphaerium (S.) pyrum and Sphaerium (S.) fujianense, or their affinis coexist with each other in the upper Wakino Subgroup, the lower Wakamiya and upper Wakamiya Formations, and the lower Inakura Formation, Yamaji Shale, which very probably can be correlated with the upper Hekou Formation yielding these two species.The distinction between Pisidium and Sphaerium is summarized in Table I.