抗腺苷酸激酶单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

克隆了6株稳定分泌抗腺苷酸激酶(Adenylate kinase,AK)单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,并鉴定或测定了其中3株细胞所分泌抗体的亚型和分子量.通过测定抗体和固相及均相抗原的结合能力,发现McAb3D3与固定化及溶液中腺苷酸激酶的亲和常数分别为8.4×10⁸和7.0×10~4(mol·L^-1)^-1,而McAb4D8与固定化及溶液中腺苷酸激酶的亲和常数分别为9.6×10⁸和3.9×10⁶(mol·L.¹)^-1McAb3D3和McAb4D8与不同存在形式抗原之间亲和常数如此大的差别,说明这2个抗体更适合与固定化腺苷酸激酶的结合.由于蛋白质分子常因吸附在酶标板上而发生部分变性,所以用间接ELISA方法筛选出的单克隆抗体McAb3D3和McAb4D8可能是针对部分变性腺苷酸激酶分子的.这2种抗腺苷酸激酶单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定为我们进一步将其用于蛋白质折叠机制的研究奠定了基础.     

荧光方法直接测定一氧化氮

根据2,3-二氨基萘(2,3-diaminonaphthalene,DAN)可与一氧化氮( ^·NO)反应生成荧光性2,3-萘酚三唑(2,3-naphthotriazole,NAT)和 ^·NO的气体特性,设计了一个流动气体和荧光方法相结合的 ^·NO直接测定方法.此法以惰性气体氮气为流动气体使样品中的待测 ^·NO随流动气体进入测定溶液,溶液中的DAN捕集流动气体中的 ^·NO生成荧光性NAT.实验结果表明测定溶液的荧光强度与 ^·NO浓度呈正比,与酸化亚硝酸盐溶液的浓度亦呈良好线性关系.用此方法测得五份酸化正常人血浆的 ^·NO浓度为(31.04±4.70) nmol/L,并可用于连续观察 ^·NO从亚硝基硫醇的自发释放.     

一种新型免疫PCR基因探针的构建及其在诊断中的初步研究

利用叶绿素分子 (chlorophyll)作为共价连接蛋白质与核酸的中间分子 ,构建了甲胎蛋白 (α fetoprotein ,AFP)抗体的基因探针 ,并用构建的基因探针通过免疫PCR对AFP进行了诊断的初步研究 .结果表明 ,其检测灵敏度比ELISA高 1 0 ⁴～1 0 ⁵ 倍 .基因探针的构建方法完全避免了蛋白质与有机溶剂的接触 ,基本保持了抗体的原有活性 ;并且人为地将蛋白质定向地锚定在dsDNA分子上 ,使PCR扩增不受任何影响 .构建的基因探针采用一定的保藏方法 ,室温中活性保存至少 6个月 .构建方法精简 ,成本低 ,易于推广应用     

猪脑突触体质膜(Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase的分离纯化与性质

以猪脑为材料,经匀浆、差速离心、蔗糖密度梯度离心分离突触体. 低渗破膜得到突触体膜. Triton X-100增溶后,经钙调蛋白亲和层析可得去脂的质膜Ca²⁺-ATPase. 用大体积亲和柱和大体积低Ca²⁺淋洗液淋洗,可得产率、纯度和活性均较高的质膜Ca²⁺-ATPase. 与大豆磷脂保温后,去脂的Ca²⁺-ATPase的水解活力可恢复达3.32 μmol/(mg·min).SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳银染显示单一蛋白质带,分子质量约为140 ku,纯度在90%以上. 不同Ca²⁺浓度明显影响酶的活力.     

(Na+/K+)-ATPase研究概况

本文概述(Na⁺/K⁺)-ATPase的一般分子性质。介绍神经元和脂肪细胞中两种不同分子形式(Na⁺/K⁺)-ATPase的分离鉴定和功能性质,以及(Na⁺/K⁺)-ATPase主要功能亚基一级序列和高级结构研究所取得的一些进展。     

2.5次微分伏安法对生物样品中丙二醛的测定

以0.1mol/L NH₄Cl溶液为介质, 用2.5次微分伏安法测定了丙二醛, 线性范围为1.0×10^-6至1.0×10^-3 mol/L, 检测限达1.0×10^-7 mol/L. 并测定了细胞培养液介质中新生SD大鼠心室肌细胞样品中的丙二醛.     

稀土La3+跨PC12细胞膜行为研究

使用AR-CM-M1C阳离子测定系统,发展Fura-2荧光测定技术,将其应用于测定细胞内游离稀土离子La³⁺,并以此研究了La³⁺跨PC12细胞（大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤细胞）膜的行为.结果表明：在模拟细胞内离子组分,pH=7.05的溶液中,测得La³⁺-Fura-2的表观解离常数为3.27×10^-11 mol·L^-1.对于PC12细胞,静息条件下La³⁺不能跨越细胞膜进入胞内.与钙离子通道相关的KCl和去甲肾上腺素均不能刺激稀土La³⁺过膜.用哇巴因（ouabain）使胞内Na⁺超载后,La³⁺可过膜进入细胞内,且过膜量与胞外La³⁺浓度和胞内Na⁺超载程度有一定的浓度依赖关系,提示La³⁺可以经由Na⁺／La³⁺交换机制过膜而进入细胞内.     

拟南芥中PAP特异磷酸酶(AtAHL)的折叠识别与结构预测

通过现有的序列同源性比较、二级结构预测、三维结构预测和模拟方法,得到了拟南芥中PAP特异磷酸酶的三维结构.这是一种与酵母中的Hal2p蛋白质类似,并且N端为α＋β,C端为α/β结构域的多结构域蛋白质.分析预测所得结构,发现了Mg²⁺等金属离子的结合位点,推测了对Na⁺敏感的结构基础.这些结合位点与其生化功能相关.而且,通过结构与功能分析,讨论了蛋白质数据库(PDB)中同一个酶已有理论结构的不合理性.     

过氧亚硝基-鲁米诺化学发光体系的改进

建立了一个测定过氧亚硝基阴离子（ONOO^－）化学发光的改进体系,测试了某些抗氧化剂清除ONOO^－的作用,其体系的组成和启动发光的程序如下：向pH 10.5碳酸缓冲液配的0.01 mol/L浓度NaN₃溶液通O₃ 30 s,取其800 μl原位注入含有100 μl水配样品和100 μl的0.001 mol/L鲁米诺溶液中,启动化学发光（chemiluminescence, CL）,立即测定每6秒的脉冲数（CP6S）,连续测定10～30次.根据实际需要,选其某一次的CL强度作为评判指标,对比抗氧化剂的活性.该发光体系灵敏、简便、且较稳定,最低可检测限为8.74 μmol/L的ONOO^－量,线性范围为8.74～74.04 μmol/L.批内变异系数3.35%（n=10）,批间变异系数5.52%（n=10）.测得维生素C(Vit.C)、茶多酚（EGCG）、原花菁素、硫脲皆有抑制CL,即清除ONOO^－的作用.     

结构生物学研究的一些新进展

近年来,结构生物学的发展呈现出快速增长的新态势.精确测定的生物大分子结构以指数曲线增加,速率已达到5.1个/d.截止1998年4月的统计,已从PDB库释放出来的生物大分子原子坐标套数已达7 454.同时,以精确结构知识为基础揭示生命活动的规律已达到前所未有的深度和广度.在技术和方法方面,近年来第三代同步辐射的应用与一些新方法的结合,可用极小的晶体测定极大的结构,使某些膜蛋白及亚细胞器的精确结构测定成为可能.NMR溶液结构测定的分子质量已突破35 000,电子晶体学阐释结构的分辨率已接近0.3 nm,可探测的动态过程的时间尺度已达到10^－9 s.结构生物学与基因组学的结合正在产生一个新的科学领域：结构基因组学（structural genomics）,它在未来后基因组时代的生物学中占有重要地位.     

Utility of coupled-HSQC experiments in the intact structural elucidation of three complex saponins from Blighia sapida

The structures of three complex saponins from the fruit pods of Blighia sapida have been elucidated and their ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra assigned employing a variety of one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques without degradative chemistry. The saponins have either four or six monosaccharide units linked to a triterpene aglycone. High-resolution, proton-coupled-HSQC spectra were important for determining both the identities of the intact monosaccharide units and coupling constants in strongly coupled proton spin systems. These NMR experiments will prove crucial as the complexity of saponin structures reaches the limit that can be determined solely by NMR.     

Four aromatic derivatives from Ruta angustifolia

A new group of four shikimate metabolites have been isolated from aerial parts of Ruta angustifolia and their structures deduced from IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and MS data. They have been named moskachans.     

Iridoid aglycones from Deutzia scabra

Scabrogenin and deutziogenin, the stable aglycones of known iridoid glucosides scabroside and deutzioside, have been isolated from Deutzia scabra. Their structures and mutarotational equilibria were investigated by detailed analysis of ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR data.     

Backbone Structure Confirmation and Side Chain Conformation Refinement of a Bradykinin Mimic BKM-824 by Comparing Calculated 1H, 13C and 19F Chemical Shifts with Experiment

Abstract

Calculated and experimental ¹H, ¹³C and ¹⁹F chemical shifts were compared in BKM-824, a cyclic bradykinin antagonist mimic, c[Ava¹-Igl²-Ser³-DF5F⁴-Oic⁵-Arg⁶] (Ava=5-amino- valeric acid, Igl=α-(2-indanyl)glycine, DF5F=pentafluorophenylalanine, Oic=(2S,3aS,7aS)- octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid). The conformation of BKM-824 has been studied earlier by NMR spectroscopy (M. Miskolzie et al., J. Biomolec. Struct. Dyn. 17, 947–955 (2000)). All NMR structures have qualitatively the same backbone structure but there is considerable variation in the side chain conformations. We have carried out quantum mechanical optimization for three representative NMR structures at the B3LYP/6–31G* level, constraining the backbone dihedral angles at their NMR structure values, followed by NMR chemical shift calculations at the optimized structures with the 6–311G** basis set. There is an intramolecular hydrogen bond at Ser³ in the optimized structures.

The experimental ¹³C chemical shifts at five C^α positions as well as at the C^β, C^γ and Cδ position of Ava¹, which forms part of the backbone, are well reproduced by the calculations, confirming the NMR backbone structure. A comparison between the calculated and experimental H^β chemical shifts in Igl² shows that the dominant conformation at this residue is gauche. Changes of proton chemical shifts with the scan of the χ1 angle in DF5F⁴ suggest that χ1 ≈180°. The calculated ¹H and ¹³C chemical shifts are in good agreement with experiment at the rigid residue Oic⁵. None of the models gives accurate results for Arg⁶, presumably because of its positive charge. Our study indicates that calculated NMR shifts can be used as additional constraints in conjunction with NMR data to determine protein conformations. However, to be computationally effective, a database of chemical shifts in small peptide fragments should be precalculated.     

Structure of histamine releasing guaianolides from Thapsia species

The structures of six hexaoxygenated guaianolides esterified with four non isomeric carboxylic acids have been established by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The acyl residues have been located by chemical ionisation mass spectrometry. Some of the acyl residues are novel for sesquiterpene lactones. The acyl residues in two additional guaianolides esterified with isomeric acids have been located by partial hydrolysis.     

NMR assignment of the nonstructural protein nsp3(1066–1181) from SARS-CoV

Sequence-specific NMR assignments of the globular core comprising the residues 1066–1181 within the non-structural protein nsp3e from the SARS coronavirus have been obtained using triple-resonance NMR experiments with the uniformly [¹³C, ¹⁵N]-labeled protein. The backbone and side chain assignments are nearly complete, providing the basis for the ongoing NMR structure determination. A preliminary identification of regular secondary structures has been derived from the ¹³C chemical shifts.     

Predicting Ca2+‐binding sites using refined carbon clusters

Identifying Ca²⁺‐binding sites in proteins is the first step toward understanding the molecular basis of diseases related to Ca²⁺‐binding proteins. Currently, these sites are identified in structures either through X‐ray crystallography or NMR analysis. However, Ca²⁺‐binding sites are not always visible in X‐ray structures due to flexibility in the binding region or low occupancy in a Ca²⁺‐binding site. Similarly, both Ca²⁺ and its ligand oxygens are not directly observed in NMR structures. To improve our ability to predict Ca²⁺‐binding sites in both X‐ray and NMR structures, we report a new graph theory algorithm (MUG^C) to predict Ca²⁺‐binding sites. Using carbon atoms covalently bonded to the chelating oxygen atoms, and without explicit reference to side‐chain oxygen ligand co‐ordinates, MUG^C is able to achieve 94% sensitivity with 76% selectivity on a dataset of X‐ray structures composed of 43 Ca²⁺‐binding proteins. Additionally, prediction of Ca²⁺‐binding sites in NMR structures was obtained by MUG^C using a different set of parameters, which were determined by the analysis of both Ca²⁺‐constrained and unconstrained Ca²⁺‐loaded structures derived from NMR data. MUG^C identified 20 of 21 Ca²⁺‐binding sites in NMR structures inferred without the use of Ca²⁺ constraints. MUG^C predictions are also highly selective for Ca²⁺‐binding sites as analyses of binding sites for Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Pb²⁺ were not identified as Ca²⁺‐binding sites. These results indicate that the geometric arrangement of the second‐shell carbon cluster is sufficient not only for accurate identification of Ca²⁺‐binding sites in NMR and X‐ray structures but also for selective differentiation between Ca²⁺ and other relevant divalent cations. © Proteins 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Iridoid glycosides from Penstemon richardsonii

Five ester iridoids of the valeriana type have been isolated from dried leaves of Penstemon richardsonii. The structures have been elucidated by FAB MS ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and by enzymatic cleavage of the glycosidic linkages. Besides the known iridoids penstemide penstemide-aglucone 8-epi-valerosidatum and serrulatoside a new iridoid penstebioside (penst of an iridoid aglycone attached to cellobiose.     

Major groove width variations in RNA structures determined by NMR and impact of <Superscript>13</Superscript>C residual chemical shift anisotropy and <Superscript>1</Superscript>H–<Superscript>13</Superscript>C residual dipolar coupling on refinement

Ribonucleic acid structure determination by NMR spectroscopy relies primarily on local structural restraints provided by ¹H– ¹H NOEs and J-couplings. When employed loosely, these restraints are broadly compatible with A- and B-like helical geometries and give rise to calculated structures that are highly sensitive to the force fields employed during refinement. A survey of recently reported NMR structures reveals significant variations in helical parameters, particularly the major groove width. Although helical parameters observed in high-resolution X-ray crystal structures of isolated A-form RNA helices are sensitive to crystal packing effects, variations among the published X-ray structures are significantly smaller than those observed in NMR structures. Here we show that restraints derived from aromatic ¹H– ¹³C residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) and residual chemical shift anisotropies (RCSAs) can overcome NMR restraint and force field deficiencies and afford structures with helical properties similar to those observed in high-resolution X-ray structures.     

Three-dimensional structures of the central regulatory proteins of the bacterial phosphotransferase system,HPr and enzyme IIAglc

Enzyme IIA and HPr are central regulatory proteins of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase (PTS) system. Three-dimensional structures of the glucose enzyme IIA domain (IIA^glc) and HPr of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli have been studied by both X-ray crystallography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy. Phosphorylation of HPr of B. subtilis and IIA^glc of E. coli have also been characterized by NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the binding interfaces of B. subtilis HPr and IIA^glc have been identified from backbone chemical shift changes. This paper reviews these recent advances in the understanding of the three-dimensional structures of HPr and IIA^glc and their interaction with each other. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.