搅拌对红霉素发酵的影响

在20t工业发酵罐中,研究了涡轮桨和翼形轴流桨搅拌对红霉素发酵过程的影响,重点考察了粘度、溶氧、效价、搅拌电流和糖代谢等过程参数的变化,以及搅拌功耗与发酵产量之间的关系。研究结果表明：(1)不同的搅拌桨搅拌其发酵过程参数(粘度,溶氧,效价等)随时间的变化曲线有明显的差异;(2)搅拌功耗同发酵产量之间的关系,翼形桨明显不同于涡轮桨;(3)在相同的生产条件下,用翼形桨代替涡轮桨可节省搅拌功耗。     

采用CFD数值模拟技术优化发酵罐内桨叶组合

使用CFD模拟软件Fluent对实验室用7L通气搅拌发酵罐内不同桨叶组合的搅拌效果进行气液两相流模拟.首先对发酵罐自带桨叶组合进行模拟,针对模拟结果提出两种改进桨型组合,对比分析3种组合的速度矢量图、速度分布柱形图和速度云图,以此优化出一种搅拌效果较好的桨型组合.结果表明:发酵罐内的流场可受通气的影响而发生改变,通气发酵过程的模拟采用多相流模型更为准确;底层桨离底距离的不同可导致发酵罐内流场的不同,以六直叶圆盘涡轮桨为底桨时,离底距离应不小于T/3;液相死区的大小是由桨叶组合、桨叶安装位置以及气液两相的相互作用共同导致的,不能单纯靠提高转速改善;在800 r/min下,搅拌效果组合3为最佳.     

翼形轴流桨在红霉素发酵中的应用研究

在20t工业发酵罐中,研究了翼形轴流桨搅拌对红霉素发酵过程的影响。重点考察了粘度,溶氧,效价等过程参数变化,以及搅拌功耗与发酵产量之间的关系。研究结果表明：（1）与传统的涡轮搅拌桨相比,翼形轴流桨搅拌其发酵过程参数（粘度,溶氧,效价等）随时间的变化曲线有明显的差异;（2）在相同的生产条件下,用翼形轴流桨代表涡轮桨可有效提高生产效率。     

溶氧控制策略对结冷胶发酵过程的影响

结冷胶作为一种吸水水性极强的胶体,其广泛应用于食品,饮料,医药,化妆品等行业。发酵法生产结冷胶的过程中,由于发酵液的黏度很高,溶解氧(DO)的控制极为困难。大规模工业化生产结冷胶的过程中,通常可以通过增加通气量或提高搅拌转速这两种策略来提高发酵过程中的溶氧水平。本文通过对比这两种控制策略对60吨发酵罐生产结冷胶产量、能耗的影响,得出通过提高搅拌转速的溶氧控制策略更加高效和节能。提高搅拌转速的发酵批次与增加通气量的发酵批次相比,结冷胶平均产量提高了9%,能耗降低了10%。     

操作条件对5′-单磷酸胞苷晶体粒度分布的影响

为了研究操作条件对5。单磷酸胞苷（5′-CMP）晶体粒度分布的影响,分别采用不同形式的搅拌桨、搅拌速率以及反应液流加速率,并且运用激光粒度仪和扫描电镜对晶体粒度分布及形貌进行分析观测。结果显示：采用不同形式的搅拌桨形成的剪切力、颗粒聚集以及二次成核现象的差异导致了晶体粒度分布峰值数量不同;分别选取50、100和150r／min的搅拌速率以及1、3和6mL／h的流加速率时,晶体平均粒径在铆式搅拌桨作用下,在120．3—212．1μm范围内递减,而在45°斜角四折叶式搅拌桨作用下递减范围为3．17～150．2μm,且粒度分布更为均匀,为工业生产中的优化控制提供了一定的理论依据。     

威兰胶生产废液循环利用工艺

为减少威兰胶生产过程中的废水排放量,针对威兰胶生产中废水形成的主要环节,对乙醇蒸馏母液的循环利用工艺进行初步研究。在分析乙醇蒸馏母液主要成分的基础上,对比威兰胶发酵过程的物质耗用量,以蒸馏母液作为配制培养基用水,确定威兰胶循环发酵培养基的组成,构建威兰胶生产废液循环利用的闭路工艺,达到清洁生产的目的。研究表明,与常规威兰胶发酵相比,采用闭路循环发酵工艺可节省30％KH2PO4及60％MgSO4·7H2O用量,同时产品质量浓度维持在16．8g/L左右,其黏度及流态特性指数n值分别维持在5．1 Pa·s和0．275左右。     

采用计算流体力学技术研究搅拌对兽疫链球菌发酵生产透明质酸的影响

搅拌是影响透明质酸(HA)发酵的一个重要因素,然而有关搅拌对HA发酵影响的认识存在较大争议。本研究采用计算流体力学(CFD)技术深入研究了搅拌对菌体生长和HA合成的影响。结果表明,菌体量和HA产量受搅拌转速的影响很小,而HA分子量随着转速的增加呈现出先增加后降低的趋势。分阶段控制转速研究表明转速对HA分子量的影响主要体现在HA合成阶段。CFD计算结果表明随着搅拌转速的增加,混合时间降低的同时反应器内部的剪切速率明显增加。最终通过改变搅拌桨组合方式的手段有效地解决了上述矛盾,并使得HA分子量提高23.9%。     

赤霉素发酵溶氧优化调控研究

为了解溶氧对赤霉素发酵过程影响以及相应工艺优化,采用不同溶氧条件下藤仓赤霉菌Gibberella fujikuroi分批发酵生产赤霉素的过程进行菌丝浓度、残糖浓度和GA3产物浓度检测,并微分运算得出比生长速率与比产物合成速率随发酵时间变化,分析了溶氧对比生长速率与比产物合成速率以及得率的影响,进而提出Gibberella fujikuroi发酵高产的溶氧控制策略:在发酵初始阶段(0–50h)控制溶氧30%左右,以维持较高的菌体生长速率;发酵中后期(50–184h),溶氧控制在15%,以获取菌丝持续较高的GA3合成速率能力。采用这一优化溶氧控制策略,发酵过程中最大菌丝浓度19.24g/L、最终赤霉素浓度2 180mg/L和平均比产物合成速率0.616mg/(g·h),比未优化前发酵分别提高了8.33%、13.25%和4.58%,表明所采取的分阶段溶氧控制策略对促进GA3生产有效。     

氧载体发酵体系的氧传递特性及提高衣康酸产酸能力的研究

测定了不同氧载体的理化参数,研究了机械搅拌罐氧载体发酵体系中的氧载体的体积分数,搅拌转速和通风量对体积氧传递系数的影响,并推导出传质系数的关联式。实验表明,加入氧载体后,可提高发酵体系的ＫＬａ值３０－２００％,衣原酸发酵中加入氧载体正十二烷,可提高产酸１４％以上。     

高发酵活力面包酵母的高产率流加培养策略研究

首先优化了面包酵母生产过程中分批培养阶段的操作条件,然后在连续培养实验的基础上．确定了面包酵母流加培养的最佳参数,并得出了发酵活力与比生长速率之间的关联式。根据这一关联式和指数流加培养模式,提出了两阶段控制比生长速度的流加培养策略。研究结果表明：采用初糖浓度为15～30g／L、残糖控制浓度为3～6g／L以及分阶段控制搅拌转速以提供不同的传氧速率;应用提出的流加培养策略进行面包酵母培养．在产率达到0．432g/g的同时发酵活力达到1180ml,可实现面包酵母培养过程高产率和高发酵活力的统一。     

不同搅拌器类型对齿毛菌发酵产漆酶的影响

【目的】白腐菌Cerrena unicolor Y-G07是一种不产孢子的丝状真菌,其漆酶合成与生长相偶联。应用于单细胞微生物发酵的搅拌器并不适用于白腐真菌。在此,综合考虑溶氧效果和剪切力作用,研究不同搅拌器类型对白腐菌Cerrena unicolor Y-G07发酵生产漆酶产量的影响。【方法】针对Y-G07菌株生长过程需氧量大,且对剪切力敏感的特性,订制5种不同类型的搅拌器(径向流、轴向流等),在通气已控制在设备最大量程及转速优化的前提下,研究Y-G07在发酵生产过程中使用不同类型搅拌器对菌丝生长形态、生长速度、溶氧情况、糖代谢和漆酶合成的影响。【结果】Cerrena unicolor Y-G07菌株对不同类型搅拌器产生的发酵液流态性质和剪切力敏感,表现在菌丝体的生长形态、细胞浓度差异较大,且生长周期改变,从而影响漆酶的合成。采用六折叶DT602搅拌器最有利于该菌株形成致密度合适的网状菌丝体,菌丝体细胞浓度高,断裂少、生长状况好,漆酶的单位产量可达690 U/m L,相对于普通使用的六叶平直叶搅拌器(448 U/m L)提高了54%。【结论】选择合适的搅拌器类型有利于好氧但对剪切力敏感的微生物发酵。     

Improvement of welan gum production and redistribution of metabolic flux under pH control process in Alcaligenes sp. CGMCC2428

Batch fermentations of welan gum from Alcaligenes sp. CGMCC2428 at pH values of 5.5 ～ 7.0 were studied. Based on the kinetic analysis, a pH control process for improving welan production was developed. By maintaining the culture pH at 7.0, the process significantly improved the maximal welan concentration and productivity to reach 25.1 ± 0.65 g/L and 0.42 ± 0.003 g/L/h, respectively, compared with those in native pH processes where pH value would decrease from 7.0 to 5.1 (18.5 ± 0.72 g/L and 0.28 ± 0.002 g/L/h). This improvement may be due to the increased metabolic flux of glucose-1-phosphate to welan induced by pH control process. Furthermore, scale-up fermentation under controlled pH was implemented using 300-L fermentor. The highest welan concentration of 27.5 ± 0.97 g/L was obtained. This simplified process proved effective in industry fermentation for high welan production.     

Evaluation of mixing effect and shear stress of different impeller combinations on nemadectin fermentation

Mass transfer and shear force have significant effects on nemadectin production by Streptomyces cyaneogriseus ssp. noncyanogenus. They are always the conflict-ridden problems in nemadectin fermentation process. In this study, the flow field characteristics under different impeller combinations were quantitatively evaluated in 5 L stirred-tank bioreactor through the laser particle image velocimetry (PIV) system. Results demonstrated that the radial-axial impeller combinations with the time average velocity at 0.38-0.54 U_tip, the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate at 6.4–10.6 ε/N³D², and the shear stress rate was 40-150 s⁻¹, were more conductive to cell growth, nemadectin biosynthesis, cell’s activity, respiratory metabolism than other combinations. The highest nemadectin yield was evaluated up to 1543.3 ± 18.5 μg/mL, which was 31.68 % higher than that of the radial flow impeller combinations. This study provided the important guideline for the selection impeller combinations’ on large-scale nemadectin production.     

Optimization of exopolysaccharide welan gum production by Alcaligenes sp. CGMCC2428 with Tween-40 using response surface methodology

The effect of additives on welan gum production produced by fermentation with Alcaligenes sp. CGMCC2428 was studied. Tween-40 was the best additive for improving welan gum production and welan gum displayed better rheological properties than that obtained by control fermentation without additives. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the culture conditions for welan gum production in the shake flask culture, including Tween-40 concentration, pH and culture temperature. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: Tween-40 concentration 0.94 g/l, pH 6.9 and temperature 29.6 °C. The corresponding experimental concentration of welan gum was 23.62 ± 0.60 g/l, which was agreed closely with the predicted value (23.48 g/l). Validation experiments were also carried out to prove the adequacy and the accuracy of the model obtained. The welan gum fermentation in a 7.5 l bioreactor reached 24.90 ± 0.68 g/l.     

机械搅拌式动物细胞反应器不同桨型组合的CFD数值模拟与优化

生物反应器已成为哺乳动物细胞生产治疗性抗体药物和疫苗的核心。文中采用CFD数值模拟方法对目前常用的机械搅拌式生物反应器在不同的搅拌形式下的流场进行了分析,获得了5种搅拌桨型组合条件下的速率矢量、持气率、含气率和剪切力分布的特征。通过构建的重组CHO细胞在不同搅拌形式条件下的流加分批培养发现,细胞密度和抗体表达水平与反应器内的最大剪切率直接相关,在FBMI3搅拌形式下细胞密度和抗体表达水平均最高。结果表明该CHO细胞在悬浮培养时对剪切环境比较敏感,且最大剪切力是工业规模放大的关键因素。     

Strain improvement and metabolic flux modeling of wild-type and mutant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alcaligenes</Emphasis> sp. NX-3 for synthesis of exopolysaccharide welan gum

Low-energy nitrogen ion beam implantation technique was used for the strain improvement of Alcaligenes sp. NX-3 for the production of exopolysaccharide welan gum. A high welan gum producing mutant, Alcaligenes sp. NX-3-1, was obtained through 20 keV N⁺ ion beam irradiation. Starting at a concentration of 50 g/L of glucose, mutant NX-3-1 produced 25.0 g/L of welan gum after 66 h of cultivation in a 7.5 L bioreactor, which was 34.4% higher than that produced by the wild-type strain. The results of metabolic flux analysis showed that the glucose-6-phosphate and acetyl coenzyme A nodes were the principle and flexible nodes, respectively. At the glucose-6-phosphate node, the fraction of carbon measured from glucose-6-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate was enhanced after mutagenesis, which indicated that more flux was used to synthesize welan gum in the mutant. By analyzing the activities of related enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of sugar nucleotides essential for welan gum production, we found that the specific activities of phosphoglucomutase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, and dTDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in the mutant strain were higher than those in the wild-type strain. These improvements in enzyme activities could be due to the affected of ion beam implantation.     

High-solid enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of solka floc into ethanol

To lower the cost of ethanol distillation of fermentation broths, a high initial glucose concentration is desired. However, an increase in the substrate concentration typically reduces the ethanol yield because of insufficient mass and heat transfer. In addition, different operating temperatures are required to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis (50 degrees ) and fermentation (30 degrees ). Thus, to overcome these incompatible temperatures, saccharification followed by fermentation (SFF) was employed with relatively high solid concentrations (10% to 20%) using a portion loading method. In this study, glucose and ethanol were produced from Solka Floc, which was first digested by enzymes at 50 degrees for 48 h, followed by fermentation. In this process, commercial enzymes were used in combination with a recombinant strain of Zymomonas mobilis (39679:pZB4L). The effects of the substrate concentration (10% to 20%, w/v) and reactor configuration were also investigated. In the first step, the enzyme reaction was achieved using 20 FPU/g cellulose at 50 degrees for 96 h. The fermentation was then performed at 30 degrees for 96 h. The enzymatic digestibility was 50.7%, 38.4%, and 29.4% after 96 h with a baffled Rushton impeller and initial solid concentration of 10%, 15%, and 20% (w/v), respectively, which was significantly higher than that obtained with a baffled marine impeller. The highest ethanol yield of 83.6%, 73.4%, and 21.8%, based on the theoretical amount of glucose, was obtained with a substrate concentration of 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively, which also corresponded to 80.5%, 68.6%, and 19.1%, based on the theoretical amount of the cell biomass and soluble glucose present after 48 h of SFF.     

Enhanced welan gum production using a two-stage agitation speed control strategy in Alcaligenes sp. CGMCC2428

Batch fermentative production of welan gum by Alcaligenes sp. CGMCC2428 was investigated under various oxygen supply conditions using regulating agitation speed. Based on a three kinetic parameters analysis that includes specific cell growth rate (μ), specific glucose consumption rate (q _s), and specific welan formation rate (q _p), a two-stage agitation speed control strategy was proposed to achieve high concentration, high yield, and high viscosity of welan. During the first 22 h, the agitation speed in 7.5 L fermenter was controlled at 800 rpm to maintain high μ for cell growth. The agitation was then reduced step-wise to 600 rpm to maintain a changing profile with stable dissolved oxygen levels and obtain high qp for high welan accumulation. Finally, the maximum concentration of welan was reached at 26.3 ± 0.89 g L⁻¹ with a yield of 0.53 ± 0.003 g g⁻¹ and the welan gum viscosity of 3.05 ± 0.10 Pa s, which increased by an average of 15.4, 15.2, and 20.1% over the best results controlled by constant agitation speeds.