无机微粒添加对丝状微生物发酵过程的影响

摘要:丝状微生物是一类重要的工业发酵菌种,在液体深层发酵过程中其菌丝呈现3种形态:分散状菌丝、团状及球状,而其生长形态与发酵产物种类及产量之间又存在着重要的关系。本文结合本实验室所做的初步工作阐述了丝状微生物菌体形态对其发酵产物种类及产量的影响,以及无机微粒的添加对发酵过程中菌体形态、菌体结构以及发酵产量等的影响。     

酰胺水解酶基因工程菌的构建及其对棘白菌素B的转化

棘白菌素B0(ECB)去侧链母核为重要抗真菌药物阿尼芬净的半合成前体.本实验室从保存的犹他游动放线菌(Actinoplanes utahensis)SIPI-A.2001 基因组中克隆到ECB酰胺水解酶及其上下游基因,并将其构建入表达质粒pTGV2,通过接合转移的方法将此表达质粒导入到变铅青链霉菌(Streptomyc...     

阿魏蘑液体发酵过程菌体形态变化对产漆酶的影响

本文旨在研究阿魏蘑菌体形态与漆酶产量之间的关系。结果显示,玻璃珠的添加可改变发酵过程中菌体形态,漆酶产量在球状菌体条件下高于丝状、絮状菌丝：直径分布在0.2~0.4 mm范围的菌球对漆酶的合成具有明显的促进作用;适合的葡萄糖、玉米粉和麸皮添加量,对直径在0.2~0.4 mm范围的菌球形成具有重要影响。此外,添加惰性载体同样可以控制菌球的直径分布,但对漆酶的合成无促进作用。     

外加肌醇对嗜鞣管囊酵母发酵的酒精产量及其耐酒精能力的影响

嗜鞣管囊酵母(Pachysolen tannophilus)是可以同时发酵葡萄糖和木糖为酒精的菌种,在其生长和发酵培养基中分别添加不同浓度((0～200mg/L)的肌醇以及不同起始浓度的酒精,以考察外加肌醇对嗜鞣管囊酵母生长、产酒精能力和耐酒精能力的影响.结果 表明,添加肌醇前后,嗜鞣管囊酵母的生物量及发酵的酒精产量均有所增加.外加肌醇对嗜鞣管囊酵母生长有轻微的刺激作用,酵母生长最适肌醇浓度为150mg/L;而对酵母生长的耐酒精能力却有明显的影响, 并且,菌种在YEPD培养基中的耐酒精能力高于在YEPX培养基中的耐酒精能力.经实验测定,肌醇对嗜鞣管囊酵母产酒精能力及发酵的耐酒精能力均有显著的影响.发酵培养基中未添加起始浓度的酒精时,菌种发酵的最适肌醇浓度为100mg/L,此时生成的酒精产量为45.20g/L.当分别添加起始酒精浓度为10%和12%时,随着肌醇浓度的增加,菌种发酵生成的酒精浓度均呈上升趋势;肌醇浓度为200mg/L时,两种起始酒精浓度下,酒精的净生成量均达到最大,分别为17.18g/L和16.68g/L.     

不同培养方式对牛樟芝活性组分的影响

牛樟芝因含有多种活性成分且在抗癌、保肝等方面有着良好的功效而备受关注。本文考察了固态发酵以及不同液态发酵方式对牛樟芝活性产物的影响。结果显示,固态发酵不同谷物对活性产物的合成有明显的影响,青稞作为发酵谷物基质,其活性产物种类多且含量高,Antrodin C、Antroquinonol产量分别为5 901.27 mg/kg、3 715.76 mg/kg。常规液态发酵菌丝体中主要含有Antrodins类化合物,以Antrodin C为主,但不能合成Antroquinonol类化合物。通过添加前体物辅酶Q_0可以诱导牛樟芝菌丝体在液态发酵中合成Antroquinonol;在此基础上,添加植物油进行同步萃取发酵,能够显著提高牛樟芝菌丝体活性成分种类和产量,除了诱导合成Antroquinonol之外,还有大量Antroquinonol B合成;同时,大多数活性成分在发酵过程中不断被富集萃取,Antrodin C、Antroquinonol产量分别为289.80 mg/L、95.39 mg/L。Antrodin C产量比常规液态发酵提高了7.06倍,而Antroquinonol产量比诱导发酵提高了203.89%。     

埃博霉素B小试发酵罐发酵条件研究

研究了纤维堆囊菌(Sorangium cellulosum)So F5-76在5 L发酵罐水平上发酵生产埃博霉素B的基本工艺参数,具体考察了接种量、搅拌转速、通气量、添加消泡剂及补糖等5个工艺参数对埃博霉素B发酵产量的影响。最后确定发酵罐基本发酵条件为接种量9%,搅拌转速180 r/min,空气流量3.5 L/min,消泡剂种类选择Antifoam B聚醚类消泡剂,补糖控制在发酵液糖浓度为0.2 g/L,在此条件下埃博霉素B的产量可达25.6 mg/L。     

类球红细菌添加前体物产辅酶Q_(10)的工艺优化

目的:考察摇瓶与发酵罐水平下类球红细菌CU20-9产辅酶Q10添加前体物质的最优配比。方法:通过正交试验优化发酵前体配比,考察摇瓶发酵多种前体物质的添加对辅酶Q10产量的影响,并利用发酵罐进行中试规模实验。结果:优化后发酵前体配比为维生素B1 10 mg/L、乙酸钠100 mg/L、对羟基苯甲酸20 mg/L、花生油0.01%。结论:前体添加及优化配比后,摇瓶及中试发酵水平下辅酶Q10的产量均有显著提高。     

棘白菌素B提取液脱色工艺

研究碱性阴离子交换树脂WD-6对发酵棘白菌素B(ECB)提取液的脱色效果。通过对ECB提取液和ECB标准溶液的全波长扫描,确定ECB提取液中色素的最佳吸收波长为315nm;考察了树脂添加量、脱色温度、摇床转速和脱色时间对脱色率和ECB损失率的影响,获得最佳脱色工艺:树脂添加量4%(质量分数),脱色温度30℃,摇床转速150r/min,脱色时间100min。在此条件下,ECB提取液的脱色率可达88.3%,ECB损失率仅为4.8%。     

氧载体强化氧传递促进法夫酵母虾青素的合成*

法夫酵母生物合成虾青素是强好氧发酵过程,溶氧水平直接影响细胞虾青素的产率。本文对虾青素的氧载体强化氧传递双液相发酵进行了研究。实验结果表明,添加豆油(作为氧载体)可提高法夫酵母发酵时的溶氧水平,促进虾青素的合成:添加豆油 0.5-5.0%(w/v),虾青素产量随豆油添加量逐步提高,最高时达到2.98mg/L,对照组虾青素产率为2.50mg/L。并证明产量的提高是单位质量细胞的虾青素合成效率提高的结果。摇瓶培养时转速的高低不同,对豆油的最适添加量存在影响。较高摇瓶转速有利于豆油在培养基中分散,从而利于强化氧的传递。     

添加尿素对模拟发酵罐中沼气发酵的影响

如何提高产气量一直以来都是沼气发酵过程中需要解决的主要问题.本研究是在实验室条件下组建模拟沼气发酵罐,并用于研究发酵罐中添加尿素对沼气发酵的影响.结果表明:与不添加尿素的对照组相比,处理组中添加浓度为1 000 mg/L的尿素可以有效提高沼气发酵基质的利用率,并提高沼气中甲烷含量,该系统中发酵原料总固体(total solid,TS)消耗率提高1.79%,挥发性固体(volatile solid,VS)消耗率提高4.36%,甲烷产量提高8.4%;添加3 000 mg/L尿素使发酵原料TS消耗率降低1.59%,但是VS消耗率提高2.28%,产甲烷量提高5.4%;添加5 000 mg/L尿素则会对发酵原料的利用产生抑制作用,TS、VS消耗率分别降低3.04%、3.72%,甲烷产量降低4.2%.本研究结果将为提高沼气发酵效率提供初步的理论基础.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.