合成酮内酯类3-脱氧-3-羰基-红霉内酯B糖多孢红霉菌M的构建

大环内酯类抗生素基因工程是近年来研究的一个新领域,迄今已合成了100多种新的聚酮类化合物。以糖多孢红霉菌A226基因组DNA为模板,用重叠PCR方法扩增出去除KR6酶域DNA的约32kb DNA片段,克隆于pWHM3载体,构建了同源重组质粒pWHM2201。PEG介导原生质体转化法将pWHM2201转入糖多孢红霉菌A226,并整合于染色体红霉素合成基因位点。整合体在R3M斜面上生长两代后,制备原生质体涂R3M平皿。利用PCR鉴定筛选出8株KR6敲除的突变体糖多孢红霉菌M(1-8)。ZabsPec Fab质谱鉴定,证实糖多孢红霉菌M1合成了3-脱氧-3-羰基-红霉内酯B,一种新的酮内酯类化合物。 〖HJ0     

合成酮内酯类3—脱氧—3—羰基—红霉内酯B糖多孢红霉菌M的构建

大环内酯类抗生素基因工程是近年来研究的一个新领域,迄今已合成了100多种新的聚酮类化合物。以糖多孢红霉菌A226基因组DNA为模板,用重叠PCR方法扩增出去除KR6酶域DNA的约3.2kb DNA片段,克隆于pWHM3载体,构建了同源重组质粒pWHM2201。PEG介导原生质体转化法将pWHM2201转入糖多孢红霉菌A226,并整合于染色体红霉素合成基因位点。整合体在R3M斜面上生长两代后,制备原生质体涂R3M平皿。利用PCR鉴定筛选出8株KR6敲除的突变体糖多孢红霉菌M（1－8）。ZabsPec Fab质谱鉴定,证实糖多孢红霉菌M1合成了3－脱氧－3－羰基－红霉内酯B,一种新的酮内酯类化合物。     

细胞膜合成途径模块化调控与形态改造提高大肠杆菌β-胡萝卜素的积累与产量

β-胡萝卜素是类胡萝卜素家族中的典型代表,属于疏水性较强的化合物,前期研究表明,改变细胞膜形态以及增加3-磷酸甘油二酯的供给,均可容纳更多的β-胡萝卜素,从而提高其产量。然而在之前的研究中,没有对细胞膜的磷脂中主要组分磷脂酰乙醇胺的合成途径对β-胡萝卜素积累的影响进行系统的讨论。本研究将磷脂酰乙醇胺的合成途径分为上中下游3个模块,对它们的多种表达组合策略进行比较。首先过表达了上游模块1,菌株CAR016的β-胡萝卜素的产量与单位细胞的β-胡萝卜素产量均有显著提高,分别可达到44 mg/L以及13.7 mg/g DCW。与对照菌株相比,分别提高30.5%与35.6%。过表达磷脂酰乙醇胺合成的中游模块,β-胡萝卜素的产量以及单位细胞的β-胡萝卜素的产量分别为103.5 mg/L DCW与19.8 mg/g DCW。与对照菌株CAR016(pACYC184-M)相比,分别提高1.4倍与53.5%。将上游模块1与中游模块2共表达,菌株CAR016(pModule1,pModule2)单位细胞的β-胡萝卜素产量为22.3 mg/g DCW。与CAR016(pModule2)相比,单位细胞产量提高18%,与出发菌株CAR016(pTrc99A-M,pACYC184-M)相比,单位细胞的β-胡萝卜素产量提高122%。本研究找到了磷脂酰乙醇胺合成途径表达的最优组合策略,可以产生更大量的细胞膜,为储存β-胡萝卜素提供了更多的空间,从而进一步提高β-胡萝卜素的产量。细胞膜形态和合成途径的模块化改造,是今后提高类胡萝卜素产量的新方向。     

Metabolic engineering strategies for butanol production in Escherichia coli

The global market of butanol is increasing due to its growing applications as solvent, flavoring agent, and chemical precursor of several other compounds. Recently, the superior properties of n-butanol as a biofuel over ethanol have stimulated even more interest. (Bio)butanol is natively produced together with ethanol and acetone by Clostridium species through acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation, at noncompetitive, low titers compared to petrochemical production. Different butanol production pathways have been expressed in Escherichia coli, a more accessible host compared to Clostridium species, to improve butanol titers and rates. The bioproduction of butanol is here reviewed from a historical and theoretical perspective. All tested rational metabolic engineering strategies in E. coli to increase butanol titers are reviewed: manipulation of central carbon metabolism, elimination of competing pathways, cofactor balancing, development of new pathways, expression of homologous enzymes, consumption of different substrates, and molecular biology strategies. The progress in the field of metabolic modeling and pathway generation algorithms and their potential application to butanol production are also summarized here. The main goals are to gather all the strategies, evaluate the respective progress obtained, identify, and exploit the outstanding challenges.     

人工小RNA调控元件在合成生物学中的应用北大核心CSCD

合成生物学通过改造天然系统或创造生物元件、模块和系统赋予生命体新的功能,为农业、能源、制造业及医学进步带来了巨大推动力。对元件、模块或系统的精准、定量及高效调控将对合成生命系统的控制至关重要。细菌小RNA是一类长度在50–300 bp且通常不具备翻译能力的功能小分子,在环境胁迫响应、代谢变化适应和细菌毒力控制过程中发挥着不可替代的调控作用。近年来,基于天然小RNA设计构建的人工小RNA调控元件的工作日益丰富,实现了对目的基因甚至通路的有效抑制或激活。人工小RNA分子小、灵活性高,可程序化且易于设计,几乎不会对宿主细胞造成代谢负担,因此在合成生物学中具备广泛应用前景。为促进对人工小RNA的机理理解及应用拓展,本文围绕若干人工小RNA调控元件进行了系统介绍及比较;此外,总结了其在合成生物学中的代表性应用;最后,对其未来优化方向进行了讨论。     

Improved E. coli erythromycin A production through the application of metabolic and bioprocess engineering

In this report, small-scale culture and bioreactor experiments were used to compare and improve the heterologous production of the antibiotic erythromycin A across a series of engineered prototype Escherichia coli strains. The original strain, termed BAP1(pBPJW130, pBPJW144, pHZT1, pHZT2, pHZT4, pGro7), was designed to allow full erythromycin A biosynthesis from the exogenous addition of propionate. This strain was then compared against two alternatives hypothesized to increase final product titer. Strain TB3(pBPJW130, pBPJW144, pHZT1, pHZT2, pHZT4, pGro7) is a derivative of BAP1 designed to increase biosynthetic pathway carbon flow as a result of a ygfH deletion; whereas, strain TB3(pBPJW130, pBPJW144, pHZT1, pHZT2, pHZT4-2, pGro7) provided an extra copy of a key deoxysugar glycosyltransferase gene. Production was compared across the three strains with TB3(pBPJW130, pBPJW144, pHZT1, pHZT2, pHZT4, pGro7) showing significant improvement in erythronolide B (EB), 3-mycarosylerythronolide B (MEB), and erythromycin A titers. This strain was further tested in the context of batch bioreactor production experiments with time-course titers leveling at 4 mg/L, representing an approximately sevenfold increase in final erythromycin A titer.     

Biochemical production capabilities of Escherichia coli

Microbial metabolism provides at mechanism for the conversion of substrates into useful biochemicals. Utilization of microbes in industrial processes requires a modification of their natural metabolism in order to increase the efficiency of the desired conversion. Redirection of metabolic fluxes forms the basis of the newly defined field of metabolic engineering. In this study we use a flux balance based approach to study the biosynthesis of the 20 amino acids and 4 nucleotides as biochemical products. These amino acids and nucleotides are primary products of biosynthesis as well as important industrial products and precursors for the production of other biochemicals. The biosynthetic reactions of the bacterium Escherichia coli have been formulated into a metabolic network, and growth has been defined as a balanced drain on the metabolite pools corresponding to the cellular composition. Theoretical limits on the conversion of glucose, glycerol, and acetate substrates to biomass as well as the biochemical products have been computed. The substrate that results in the maximal carbon conversion to a particular product is identified. Criteria have been developed to identify metabolic constraints in the optimal solutions. The constraints of stoichiometry, energy, and redox have been determined in the conversions of glucose, glycerol, and acetate substrates into the biochemicals. Flux distributions corresponding to the maximal production of the biochemicals are presented. The goals of metabolic engineering are the optimal redirection of fluxes from generating biomass toward producing the desired biochemical. Optimal biomass generation is shown to decrease in a piecewise linear manner with increasing product formation. In some cases, synergy is observed between biochemical production and growth, leading to an increased overall carbon conversion. Balanced growth and product formation are important in a bioprocess, particularly for nonsecreted products. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

组合代谢调控提高大肠杆菌对氨基苯甲酸产量

对氨基苯甲酸是一种重要的有机合成中间体,广泛应用于医药、染料等行业。近年来对氨基苯甲酸作为一种潜在的高强度共聚物单体越来越受到重视。对氨基苯甲酸作为叶酸合成的前体之一,其合成在大肠杆菌体内由叶酸合成途径的pabA、pabB和pabC三个基因负责,催化分支酸合成对氨基苯甲酸。本研究以实验室构建的酪氨酸高产工程菌TYR002作为出发菌株,首先弱化双功能分支酸突变酶/预苯酸脱氢酶TyrA的表达,以减少酪氨酸积累,然后利用3种不同强度的组成型启动子分别调控pabA、pabB和pabC的表达。摇瓶发酵表明不同的组合调控模式下大肠杆菌发酵培养基中的对氨基苯甲酸积累量存在显著差异,最高可获得0.67 g/L的摇瓶发酵产量。进一步通过发酵条件优化和分批补料发酵,在5L发酵罐中获得了6.4g/L的对氨基苯甲酸产量。本研究为改善对氨基苯甲酸生物合成效率提供了重要理论参考。     

L-Fucose production by engineered Escherichia coli

L -Fucose (6-deoxy-L -galactose) is a major constituent of glycans and glycolipids in mammals. Fucosylation of glycans can confer unique functional properties and may be an economical way to manufacture L -fucose. Research can extract L -fucose directly from brown algae, or by enzymatic hydrolysis of L -fucose-rich microbial exopolysaccharides. However, these L -fucose production methods are not economical or scalable for various applications. We engineered an Escherichia coli strain to produce L -fucose. Specifically, we modified the strain genome to eliminate endogenous L -fucose and lactose metabolism, produce 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), and to liberate L -fucose from 2′-FL. This E. coli strain produced 16.7 g/L of L -fucose with productivity of 0.1 g·L⁻¹·h⁻¹ in a fed-batch fermentation. This study presents an efficient one-pot biosynthesis strategy to produce a monomeric form of L -fucose by microbial fermentation, making large-scale industrial production of L -fucose feasible.