云南省香格里拉大峡谷藏族神山在自然保护中的意义

位于云南省西北部迪庆藏族自治州境内的香格里拉大峡谷拥有独特的自然人文景观和丰富的生物多样性。藏族作为当地最重要的原住民族,他们的文化对当地的自然环境具有重要的影响。为了解藏族传统文化中的神山崇拜对香格里拉大峡谷地区自然环境的影响,本文应用民族生态学、植物生态学和文化人类学的研究方法,结合文献资料的分析,对香格里拉大峡谷的藏族神山进行了调查和研究,并对处于不同保护状态下（神山与非神山）的两个典型植物群落即高山松(Pinus densata)群落和云南黄果冷杉(Abies ernestii var. salouenensis)群落进行了比较。结果显示,在相同的样地面积内（20 m×20 m）,神山植物群落在物种数量（20,14）和群落盖度（100%,85%）方面都明显高于非神山植物群落（11,2;70%,60%）。结合入户调查资料,发现广泛分布于香格里拉大峡谷的藏族神山构成了一个“自下而上”的乡土保护体系,它不仅在保护生物多样性、维护当地脆弱的生态环境等方面发挥着重要的作用,而且还可以提供多种非林产品,实现多种生态功能。文章探讨了发挥乡土保护体系的保护功效及应用传统文化知识以促进自然保护的重要性,建议应当尊重和保护原住民的传统文化,发掘其中优秀的自然保护知识和经验,引导其发挥更加有效的自然保护功能,使民族传统保护体系成为现代自然保护体系的有力补充。     

云南高黎贡山神山森林及其在自然保护中的作用

应用参与性农村快速评估(PRA)、田野调查及森林样地调查等方法,对神山森林传统进行了调查研究,结果表明,高黎贡山普遍存在传统的村社防护林、传统的村社水源林、汉族的风水林、护寺林、傈傈族的神山、傣族的龙山、傣族的色树(神树)、勒墨人祭天场周围的森林等形式多样的神山森林,作为传统生态伦理的主要载体,高黎贡山地区广泛存在的神山森林传统在该地区的生物多样性保护中起着重要的作用,神山森林还可以提供多种非木质林产品,实现多种生态功能,促进生物资源的合理利用。加强神山森林文化传统的再教育与政策诱导,是弘扬该文化传统的关键。     

神山森林文化传统的生态伦理学意义

在云南山地民族的传统文化里 ,对绿的图腾和对树的崇拜无处不在 ,神山森林传统已经成为一种生态文化传统 ,几乎所有的民族都会在自己居住的村寨附近选一片葱绿茂密的山林作为自己的风水林或水源林 ,有的甚至作为神山森林顶礼膜拜 ,严禁任何人砍伐和破坏。村寨和神山上的参天古树也往往成为神树和村寨的标记加以崇拜和保护。我们把山地民族这种文化传统称为神山森林文化传统。这是一种朴素的生态伦理观 ,体现一种敬畏生命的生态伦理学 ,有着深刻的自然保护意义。1　神山森林文化的生态学内涵及生态学意义文化 ,是人类对环境的一种社会生态适…     

极致化医疗服务的理论研究与实践探索

初步探讨了极致化医疗服务满足现实需求、引领行业发展的理论和实践价值,提出了其“坚持以人为本、突出全面质量、追求无限标准”3个方面的理论内涵,并从文化熏陶、教育引导、制度规范和监督约束4个方面探讨了其实现路径。     

大地经卷

藏族人信仰中的神山神石,以及寄居其中的人,使寂寞的石头从此充满了灵性。石头文化便成了鎸刻在大地上的经卷。     

酥油灯，闪烁着智慧与忧思——大地经卷

藏族人信迎中的神山神石,以及寄居其中的人,使寂寞的石头从此充满了灵性。石头文化便成了镌刻在大地上的经卷。     

沧桑神农架

神农架,撩起你的面纱 神农架自古以来,一直以神山圣水、奇花异草、珍禽异兽而享誉中外。直到近年仍有“九头鸟”、“蛤蟆龙”、“驴头狼”、“棺材兽”、“鸡冠龙”、“野人”的传说,可谓世界上稀奇古怪的东西全部在神农架“大会师”。多年的传说促使人们把暂时得不到科学解释的自然现象、罕见动物全部归结在一个“神”字上,因而引来大批访幽猎奇者,使神农架越传越神,越写越奇。 然而科学是以客观事实为依据的。     

"东谷坨石核"类型的命名与初步研究

本文以新的观察角度和定位方式,介绍了泥河湾盆地早更新世东谷坨遗址石器工业研究中“东谷坨石核”类型的发现、初步研究和命名。文中略述了“东谷坨石核”和华北旧石器晚期楔形石核的密切关联。评价了“东谷坨石核”类型在华北旧石器早期文化研究中的意义,提出了对今后研究的启示,认为“东谷坨石核”有可能成为研究华北小石器文化发展脉络及探索细石器文化传统渊源的新的重要线索。     

仰望神山不变的信仰

2005年3月,带着寻觅九寨沟文化的使命．我来到了九寨沟。这次再访九寨沟,给我震撼的不是清澄的水,而是雄奇的雪山。有人说。那雪山的峰顶是一柄银色的巨剑,冷峻清高,绝无屈服,直指苍天。“看,这就是我们的神山。”司机桑吉是在九寨土生土长的小伙子,他告诉我,这就是扎依扎嘎山,海拔4400米,那披银的雪峰顶沐浴在金色的阳光下,瑰丽加奇美．还有神秘。     

艺术保护自然 冈仁波齐圣地手绘图的诞生

为便于本地社区了解当地生态系统的复杂性,以便在得益于自然环境的同时更好地珍视、利用和保护,国际山地综合发展中心（ICIMOD）联合其他环保组织提出了“神山圣湖山水自然保护倡议”（KSLCI）,制作了圣地区域的手绘宣传图册,其目的在于,协助山地乡村社区更好地了解本地所面临的变化和机遇。手册以生活于冈仁波齐（Kailash）圣地的本地社区为服务对象,也可为范围更大的山地社区提供助益。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.