大齿山芹根的精油成分

大齿山芹根的精油成分薛怡琛,鲜启鸣,张涵庆（江苏省植物研究所,中国科学院植物研究所,南京２１００１４）关键词伞形科;大齿山芹;精油ＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｅｎｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｏｉｌｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｒｏｏｔｏｆＯｓｔｅｒｉｃｕｍｇ...     

捕食线虫真菌：球捕轮虫霉新种和胶孢轮虫霉新记录种

在贵州樊静山和吉林长白山食线虫菌物调查中,发现２种相近的菌物,经比较研究后,将长白山菌株鉴定为球捕轮虫霉新种（ＺｏｏｐｈａｇｕｓｔｙｌｏｐａｇｕｓＬｉｕ＆Ｚｈａｎｇ）,将樊静山菌株鉴定为胶孢轮虫霉（Ｚｏｏｐｈａｇｕｓｐｅｃｔｏｓｐｏｒｕｓ（Ｄｒｅｃｈｓｌｅｒ）Ｄｉｃｋ）中国新记录种。标本保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本室（ＨＭＡＳ）。     

分支系统学简评

分支系统学简评冷琴（中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,南京２１０００８）周巍（南京市玄武区花园路,南京２１００３７）１前言分支（支序）系统学（Ｃｌａｄｉｓｔｉｃｓ,Ｃｌａｄｉｓｔｉｃｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃｓ）,又称系统发育分类学（ｐｈｙｌｏｇｅｎｅｔｉｃ...     

极北蝰在东北的再次发现

秦耀庭（1960）报道吉林长白山麓有极北蝰分布,此后赵尔宓等（1981）研究了我国东北的13号极北蝰标本（包括秦耀庭报道的2号标本）.     

工业固体废弃物的急性生物毒性研究

工业固体废弃物的急性生物毒性研究谢思琴,顾宗濂,周德智（中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京２１０００８）Ａｃｕｔｅｂｉｏｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙｏｆｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｓｏｌｉｄｗａｓｔｅｓ￥．ＸｉｅＳｉｑｉｎ;ＧｕＺｏｎｇｌｉａｎａｎｄＺｈｏｕＤｅｚｈｉ（Ｉｎ...     

从离体植物培养物生产有价值的次级代谢产物

茴芹精油ＡｎｉｓｅＥｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌＯｉｌ从茴芹（Ｐｉｍｐｉｎｅｌａａｎｉｓｕｍ）种子中提炼出的精油广泛应用于调味品、香料和医药中。葡萄牙科学家Ｐ．Ｍ．Ｓａｎｔｏｓ和Ａ．ＣｒｉｓｔｉｎａＦｉｇｕｅｉｒｅｄｏ及其合作者们发现，发根农杆菌转化的茴芹毛根培...     

不同地理种群羊草分子水平上生态型分化的研究

将来自内蒙古不同地区及吉林盐碱地的羊草（Ｌｅｙｍｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）种子同时栽培于校园,以５个样点（阿旗定位站、西乌旗、谢尔塔拉、吉林）的羊草幼叶为材料,选用２０个随机短引物（１００ｎｔ）进行了ＤＮＡ随机扩增,共计获得１００个多态性片段。所得ＲＡＰＤ数据利用自编的计算机软件进行聚类分析、构建分子进行树,结果表明：定位站和西乌旗遗传距离最近,应为同一生态型;而吉林和谢尔塔拉分属不同生态型;阿旗     

羊肚菌等四种野生食用菌无机元素的分析

羊肚菌等四种野生食用菌无机元素的分析刘敏莉,富力,董然,李柏（吉林农业大学野植教研室１３０１１８）（吉林农业大学食科系）羊肚菌Ｍｏｒｃｈｅｌｌａｅｓｃｕｌｅｎｔａ、白林地菇Ａｇａｒｉｃｕｓｓｉｌｕｉｃｏｌａ、紫红菇Ｒｕｓｓｕｌａｄｅｐａｌｌｅｎｓ、铆...     

长白落叶松三种等位酶遗传型初步分析

长白落叶松三种等位酶遗传型初步分析张军丽（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳１１００１５）本文采用淀粉凝胶电泳法,在酶水平上,利用“水平切片染色法”分析了长白落叶松（Ｌａｒｉｘｏｌｇｅｎｓｉｓ）自然群体单株采集种子胚乳的三种等位酶的遗化变化情况。对苹...     

中国土皮须螨属一新种和一新纪录：蜱螨亚纲：长须螨科

本文记述在我国吉林省长白山苔藓内发现的长须螨科ＳｔｉｇｍａｅｉｄａｅＯｕｄｅｍａｎｓ,１９３１的土皮须螨属ＬｅｄｅｒｍｕｅｌｌｅｒｉａＯｕｄｅｍａｎｓ,１９２３一新种和一新纪录,长白土皮须螨Ｌｅｄｅｒｍｕｅｌｌｅｒｉａｃｈａｎｇｂａｉｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和棒土皮须螨Ｌｅｄｅｒｍｕｅｌｌｅｒｉａｃｌａｖａｔａ（ＣａｎｅｓｔｒｉｎｉａｎｄＦａｎｚａｇｏ．１８７６）。     

野生荆条籽中挥发油成分的研究

用水蒸气蒸馏法从荆条中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油成分进行分离和结构鉴定。从荆条籽的挥发油中鉴定出了51个组分,用气相色谱面积归一法确定了各个组分的相对百分含量,其挥发油的主要组成是β-榄香烯(27.98%),芳樟醇(12.39%),贝壳杉烯(12.00%),δ-榄香烯(10.54%),乙酯异冰片脂(8.98%)等。     

GC/MS法分析核桃叶挥发油化学成分

利用水蒸气蒸馏方法从陕西栽培的核桃品种西洛3号提取了核桃叶挥发性物质,用GC／MS法分离确定出20种化学成分,其中主要成分(相对含量)为萜类(84．89％)、芳香烃(3．9％)和酯类(1．34％)化合物,占总检出量约90．84％。     

印度獐牙菜挥发油化学成分的研究

研究了印度獐牙菜(Swertia chitayita Buch-Ham．)挥发油的化学成分。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取、毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用技术对印度獐牙菜挥发性化学成分进行了分离,经计算机质谱谱库检索对分离的化合物进行鉴定,并用已知烃类进行标定,共确定了其中63种化合物,所鉴定出的化合物含量占全挥发油的81．36％;用峰面积归一化法测定了各化学成分的相对含量。研究结果表明,印度獐牙菜的主要化学成分为：十六烷酸乙酯(19．54％)、4-(苯甲基)哌啶(11．72％)、油酸乙酯(7．82％)、丁基化羟基甲苯(6．70％)、亚油酸乙酯(5．80％)、丁二酸二乙酯(3．21％)、3a,6a-二氢-2(3H,4H)环戊二烯并[b]呋喃酮(2．13％)等。     

野生蜂窝草籽中挥发油的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从野生蜂窝草籽中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其挥发油中的化学组分进行分离和结构鉴定,运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各个组分的相对百分含量。从蜂窝草籽挥发油中鉴出56种成分,主要组分是油酸(12.57%),棕榈酸(10.36%),1-辛烯-3-醇(7.96%),石竹烯(5.98%),2,4,6-三甲基-1,3,6-庚三烯(5.63%)等。对蜂窝草籽挥发油进行了抗氧化实验和抗菌实验,结果表明蜂窝草籽挥发油对.OH有明显的清除作用,蜂窝草籽挥发油对实验菌株均有明显的抑制和灭活作用特别是对大肠杆菌ATCC25922株和肠炎沙门菌50040株的抗菌活性表现得更为显著。     

Analysis of the essential oil from the roots of Eupatorium cannabinum subsp. corsicum (L.) by GC, GC-MS and 13C-NMR

Eupatorium cannabinum subsp. corsicum (L.) is an endemic subspecies from the island of Corsica. The essential oil from the roots of this aromatic plant has been studied by GC, GC-MS and by 13C-NMR. In contrast to the essential oil from the aerial parts, which is dominated by hydrocarbon compounds (76.9%) and particularly by sesquiterpene components (43.3%), the essential oil from the roots was characterized by a high content of oxygenated compounds (61.0%), particularly oxygenated monoterpenes (54.0%). In the root oil, 106 components were identified representing 96.1% of the total amount. This oil was dominated by the monoterpenes esters (33%), the major components of which were neryl isobutyrate (17.6%), thymyl methyl oxide (15.1%), delta-2-carene (14.5%) and beta-pinene (5.7%). Aromatic esters, nerol derivatives (esters and diesters) and a benzofuran were investigated by GC-MS using different ionization modes including electron impact ionization, and positive- and negative-chemical ionization. These components have not previously been reported in the essential oil of aerial parts of E. cannabinum from Corsica island.     

樟树叶挥发性成分研究

通过GC/MS方法,对湖南樟树嫩叶、老叶以及枯叶挥发油的成分和抗氧化性能进行了研究,分析鉴定了其中含量占95%以上的31个化合物.结果表明:嫩叶中以Copaene(28.55%)、石竹烯(25.81%)和α-石竹烯(12.69%)为主要成分;老叶挥发油以芳樟醇含量最高(78.30%);枯叶挥发油主含石竹烯(38.64%...     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from cones of Pinus koraiensis

The essential oil from the cones of Pinus koraiensis was prepared after removing the seeds, and its chemical composition analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydrodistillation of the P. koraiensis cones yielded 1.07% (v/w) of essential oil, which was almost three times the amount of essential oil extracted from the needles of the same plant. Moreover, the antimicrobial activities of the oil against the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi were evaluated using the agar disc diffusion method and broth microdilution method. Eighty-seven components, comprising about 96.8% of the total oil, were identified. The most abundant oil components were limonene (27.90%), alpha-pinene (23.89%), beta-pinene (12.02%), 3-carene (4.95%), beta-myrcene (4.53%), isolongifolene (3.35%), (-)-bornyl acetate (2.02%), caryophyllene (1.71%), and camphene (1.54%). The essential oil was confirmed to have significant antimicrobial activities, especially against pathogenic fungal strains such as Candida glabrata YFCC 062 and Cryptococcus neoformans B 42419. Therefore, the present results indicate that the essential oil from the cones of Pinus koraiensis can be used in various ways as a nontoxic and environmentally friendly disinfectant.     

云南柠檬草油化学成份研究

采用气—质—计算机联用法对云南柠檬草油进行定性定量分析,分离出22种成份,占全精油含量的98.23%,鉴定了其中的15种成份,其中主要成份是:月桂烯(14.61％),顺-β-罗勒烯(0.61％),芳樟醇(1.98％),香茅醛(0.65％),柠檬烯氧化物(6.43％),反-柠檬醛b(35.24％),顺-柠檬醛a(36.69％)。     

金线莲挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取花叶开唇兰挥发油,用GC毛细管柱进行分析,归一化法测定其相对含量,并用GC-MS法鉴定化学成分。检出182个成分,鉴定出73个化合物,占挥发油总量的92.64%,主要成分为:正十六烷酸(25.22%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(6.47%)、11,14,17-二十碳三烯酸甲酯(4.42%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(15.35%)和(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸甲酯(13.64%)。     

Essential oils from micropropagated plants of Lavandula viridis

The essential oils of Lavandula viridis were analysed by GC and GC-MS. Comparisons were made between three types of plant material from the same clone: field-grown plant, in vitro shoot cultures and micropropagated plants of the same clone. The most common components usually found in lavender oils were present in the oil samples analysed and more than 45 constituents were identified, representing more than 80% of the essential oil. The essential oils analysed consisted mainly of monoterpenes (75.4-76.3%), where oxygenated and hydrocarbons identified ranged from 41.8 to 57.3% and 18.1 to 34.2%, respectively. The major components found were 1.8-cineole (18.2-25.1%), camphor (9.1-15.7%), alpha-pinene (8.8-14.1%), borneol (4.1-4.8%), beta-pinene (1.2-5.6%), delta 3-carene (1.0-6.5%) and alpha-terpineol (0.8-4.2%). The monoterpene fraction of the in vitro shoot cultures showed different relative amounts of hydrocarbons and oxygenated components in relation to the parent plant and to micropropagated plants. In the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon fraction of the oil samples analysed (6.1-8.2%), 7-epi-alpha-selinene (1.6-4.8%) was the most important component and the oxygenated sesquiterpenes were found in small amounts (1.1-1.7%). The essential oils from field-grown plants of L. viridis, when compared with those obtained from in vitro shoot cultures or micropropagated plants of the same clone, demonstrated that the same major components were found without significant compositional variations.