超结瘤大豆和东引3号大豆形态特征及蛋白质电泳比较

本文比较超结瘤大豆和东引３号大豆生育期,形态特征及蛋白南电泳的差异。结果表明,两个品种在生长发育期、形态特征以及蛋白质电泳图谱上都存在较大差异。     

锰对大豆若干生理特性的影响

利用水培法研究锰对浙春2号和浙春3号大豆根系活力及叶片脯氨酸、丙二醛和蛋白质的影响。结果表明,适量锰处理可提高大豆根系活力,降低叶片中脯氨酸、蛋白质和丙二醛含量;锰过量,不利于大豆生长。两个大豆品种对锰的反应有差异,浙春3号对锰的敏感性大于浙春2号。     

大豆子叶衰老的细胞学观察

以萌发后不同时期的大豆子叶为材料,通过普通光镜和荧光显微镜观察,分析了不同时期子叶细胞的结构变化及子叶细胞内蛋白质和淀粉含量的组织化学变化.结果表明,随着种子萌发时期的延长,子叶细胞内的蛋白质和淀粉含量逐渐减少,在子叶衰老过程中,细胞内蛋白质首先消耗殆尽,淀粉的消耗速度较蛋白质慢;大豆子叶细胞在萌发后第18天时出现典型的植物编程性死亡的形态学特征,子叶细胞内营养物质的消耗诱发子叶细胞发生细胞凋亡.     

野生大豆与栽培大豆种子差异蛋白质组学研究

运用蛋白质组学方法比较研究3个野生大豆(Glycinesoja)和3个栽培大豆(Glycinemax)的种子贮藏蛋白差异情况.结果发现,在考马斯亮蓝染色的双向电泳pH4～7的胶上,经过PDQuest图像分析软件平均可检测到550个左右的蛋白质点.进一步分析发现,表达量变化2.5倍以上的点有10个,其中大部分蛋白质仅在栽培大豆中检测到.对这10个蛋白质点进行了胶内酶解,用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱测定均得到了肽质量指纹图谱.搜索大豆UniGene库和NCBI库共鉴定出5个蛋白质,主要是与大豆抗性、抗营养以及种子萌发相关的蛋白质,包括大豆血凝素,种子成熟蛋白PM24,糖结合蛋白,胰蛋白酶抑制剂p20以及成熟多肽.对这些蛋白质可能的作用进行了讨论.     

大豆疫霉菌的分离与鉴定

采用叶碟诱捕法从2007年进口的美国大豆携带的土壤和2006年从黑龙江感病大豆田采集的土壤中分离出2株疫霉菌菌株,并对病原菌进行了形态特征、致病性、分子检测。结果表明:形态观察为疫霉属真菌;接种大豆后出现典型的大豆疫病症状;采用大豆疫霉的特异性引物PCR检测,2个菌株均能扩增出分子量为330 bp的特异性条带。结合形态、致病性测定和分子检测,2株病菌鉴定为大豆疫霉菌(Phytophthora sojaeKauf-mann et Gerdemann)。     

大豆种子萌发过程中的差异蛋白质组研究

运用蛋白质组学技术对大豆(Glycinemax)N2899种子萌发0h、8h、36h、60h4个时期蛋白质的差异表达情况进行了研究.结果发现,在考马斯亮蓝染色的双向电泳pH3～10胶上,PDQuest图像分析软件可识别的点约350个,其中表达量变化2.5倍以上的蛋白质点有24个,而绝大部分大豆种子贮藏蛋白在萌发期尚未降解.在萌发的第一阶段,24个差异表达蛋白中有10个蛋白质的丰度发生变化.第二阶段,差异表达蛋白的种类和量增加,其中15个蛋白质是动态变化的,14个蛋白质在胚根突破种皮时表达量达到峰值,表明吸胀后种子内的生命活动越来越强.对这24个蛋白质点进行胶内酶解,用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱测定均获得肽质量指纹图谱.搜索大豆的UniGene库初步鉴定出6个蛋白质,分别是核苷二磷酸激酶、热激蛋白、硫氧还蛋白、35ku种子成熟蛋白及种子成熟蛋白PM36.对这些蛋白质在种子萌发过程中可能的作用进行了讨论.     

大豆中β-伴大豆球蛋白提纯方法的优化

β-伴大豆球蛋白（7S）是大豆种子储藏蛋白质的主要成分之一,对大豆蛋白质的营养品质有着重要影响。然而,如何提高该蛋白的纯度一直是影响其表征鉴定的一个主要问题。在本研究中,我们在Liu等报道方法的基础上,通过两个关键提取环节的条件优化,使β-伴大豆球蛋白的纯度得到了明显提高。一是在11S球蛋白去除之前提高所加还原剂SBS的浓度,分析SBS浓度提高对β-伴大豆球蛋白提取纯度的影响,将SBS的最适浓度确定为0.03 mmol·L^-1;二是在β-伴大豆球蛋白析出之前,通过加水析出/离心法去除一次混杂的11S球蛋白。这两个环节的条件优化最终使得β-伴大豆球蛋白的提取纯度达到98%。本研究结果对大豆蛋白质遗传育种研究中β 伴大豆球蛋白的表征鉴定具有重要意义。     

耐除草剂转基因大豆ZH10-6和亲本大豆中黄10的营养成分比较

目的：比较北京、石家庄、三亚三个产地的耐除草剂转基因大豆ZH10 6和亲本大豆中黄10的营养成分。方法：对三产地耐除草剂转基因大豆ZH10 6和亲本大豆中黄10的营养成分：水分、灰分、蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维、氨基酸、维生素、矿物质、脂肪酸等进行检测和分析。结果：三产地转基因大豆的钙、钾、叶酸含量高于亲本大豆,但均在ILSI推荐的参考范围内;个别产地、个别营养成分转基因大豆与亲本大豆营养成分存在差异,但属于自然变异;其余各营养成分转基因大豆和亲本大豆之间均无显著性差异。结论：耐除草剂转基因大豆ZH10 6和亲本大豆中黄10在营养成分上具有实质等同性。     

溴甲烷土壤灭菌对大豆苗期根系生长的影响

利用溴甲烷田间土壤灭菌,研究灭菌对正茬、重茬大豆苗期根系生长和产量的影响.试验结果表明,灭菌处理后重茬(连续种植3a)地大豆根系生长良好,根系形态明显改善,总根长、主根长、植株鲜重和根瘤数增加、孢囊线虫孢囊数为0.而灭菌处理后,正茬地大豆根系前期生长受到一定抑制,主根长、总根长、植株鲜重和侧根数有降低的趋势,但随时间推移,抑制幅度降低.溴甲烷处理促进大豆结瘤.灭菌后,重茬大豆与正茬大豆根系生长差异减少.溴甲烷灭菌处理可作为克服大豆连作障碍问题措施之一.     

大豆属不同进化类型植物导管分子的演化结构研究

使用光学显微镜技术,对大豆属不同进化类型植物次生木质部导管分子进行离析。实验结果表明：野生、半野生、半栽培和栽培大豆的导管分子相对长度、粗细差异较大,导管穿孔板形态亦不同。野生大豆导管分子保留了尾端,其它大豆导管分子尾端退化消失。大豆属植物导管的管间纹孔式多样,每种导管分子的形态代表了各自的演化地位,即：野生大豆原始→半野生大豆→半栽培大豆→栽培大豆导管分子的演化规律。     

DNA recombination activity in soybean mitochondria

Mitochondrial genomes in higher plants are much larger and more complex as compared to animal mitochondrial genomes. There is growing evidence that plant mitochondrial genomes exist predominantly as a collection of linear and highly branched DNA molecules and replicate by a recombination-dependent mechanism. However, biochemical evidence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) recombination activity in plants has previously been lacking. We provide the first report of strand-invasion activity in plant mitochondria. Similar to bacterial RecA, this activity from soybean is dependent on the presence of ATP and Mg(2+). Western blot analysis using an antibody against the Arabidopsis mitochondrial RecA protein shows cross-reaction with a soybean protein of about 44 kDa, indicating conservation of this protein in at least these two plant species. mtDNA structure was analyzed by electron microscopy of total soybean mtDNA and molecules recovered after field-inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE). While most molecules were found to be linear, some molecules contained highly branched DNA structures and a small but reproducible proportion consisted of circular molecules (many with tails) similar to recombination intermediates. The presence of recombination intermediates in plant mitochondria preparations is further supported by analysis of mtDNA molecules by 2-D agarose gel electrophoresis, which indicated the presence of complex recombination structures along with a considerable amount of single-stranded DNA. These data collectively provide convincing evidence for the occurrence of homologous DNA recombination in plant mitochondria.     

Improved isolation method and some properties of soybean gamma-conglycinin

Soybean gamma-conglycinin was isolated by isoelectric precipitation and ammonium sulphate fractionation. The crude protein was purified by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and gel filtration on Sepharose CL-6B. The purified gamma-conglycinin was homogeneous on two kinds of gel electrophoresis and an ultracentrifugal analysis. A subunit band, distinguishable from other subunit bands of beta-conglycinin and glycinin, was detected by sodium dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis. Amino acid composition was similar to those of the other storage proteins of soybean. Some physical properties were also studied.     

玉米株型和幅宽对套作大豆初花期形态建成及产量的影响

在“麦/玉/豆”套作模式下研究了不同幅宽和玉米株型对大豆生长前期形态建成和产量的影响.结果表明：不同株型玉米下大豆生长带的温度、湿度和透光率是导致大豆茎叶形态和组织解剖结构出现差异的直接原因.较大幅宽和紧凑型玉米下大豆的植株较矮,主茎较粗、干物质积累量较大,叶面积指数和比叶质量较高,产量较高;而较小幅宽和松散型玉米下大豆的茎叶生长不良,株高增长过快,主茎柔弱,容易倒伏,产量较低.在1.17 m/0.83 m(大豆/玉米)幅宽下对不同株型玉米影响下的大豆初花期茎、叶组织切片观察发现,随着荫蔽程度的加重,大豆的叶片变薄,表皮细胞体积变大,角质层变薄,栅栏组织和海绵组织分化不明显,细胞间隙增大;茎的表皮和次生木质部也变薄,薄壁细胞排列疏松,导管分化较迟,韧皮纤维不发达.套作模式下保证全年高产、高效的田间最优配置为：与紧凑型玉米套作,大豆幅宽1.17 m,玉米幅宽0.83 m.     

Effect of the application of selenium on selenium content of soybean and its products

Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of the application of selenium on the selenium content of soybean and its products in two counties with selenium-deficient soil. Selenium-enriched soybean was produced by the application of sodium selenite and Se-enriched fertilizer. The selenium contents of soybeans, soybean protein and okra were determined by hydride-generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The results showed that the selenium contents of soybean, soybean protein, and okra were significantly increased by the application of sodium selenite and selenium-enriched fertilizer. Foliar application of selenium provided a higher efficiency for increasing the selenium content of soybean than soil application. Significant differences were found in that soybean cultivars exhibited different accumulation of selenium. There was no remarkable difference in soybean yield, soybean protein, and lipid between selenium and control. The selenium-enriched protein derived from selenium-enriched soybean could be used as a functional ingredient and soybean okra as a selenium-enriched feed for animals for increasing selenium intake.     

中国野生大豆(Glycine soja)遗传资源主要形态、遗传变异和结构

介绍了我国野生大豆遗传资源主要的形态类型、物种内遗传关系和遗传结构。进化的瓶颈不仅发生在由野生大豆到栽培大豆,也以另一种方式"分化瓶颈"出现于同性状的不同表型类型之间。野生大豆种内种子大小类型是否存在遗传分化?野生和半野生大豆的边界在哪?半野生大豆如何产生的?半野生大豆遗传上密切于栽培种还是野生种?百粒重3～4g的小粒半野生大豆与百粒重8.5g以上的特大粒半野生大豆是否有遗传差异?百粒重8.5g以上的特大粒半野生大豆是否属于栽培大豆?野生大豆的种皮色和种子大小哪个更能反映进化程度?栽培大豆基因是否已经渗入到野生大豆?对这些在学术界常年存在的疑问本文介绍了我们的研究答案。我们认为"真"半野生大豆不存在于现在中国半野生资源收集品中;一些野生大豆中的白花、灰毛、无泥膜性状来源于栽培大豆的基因渗透。     

黑龙江省大豆生长季旱涝时序特征及其对产量的影响

气候变化背景下黑龙江省降水时空分布不均,旱涝转换频繁,不利于黑龙江省的大豆安全生产。为研究黑龙江省大豆生长季旱涝对大豆产量的影响机制,基于黑龙江省60个气象站点1961—2018年逐日降水量数据和同期大豆单产数据,选取标准化降水指数(SPI)为旱涝判识指数,分析黑龙江省大豆生长季旱涝的时序特征,以及大豆不同生育阶段旱涝对其产量的影响。结果表明: 1961—2018年,大豆生长季干旱影响范围整体呈微弱的减小趋势,雨涝影响范围整体呈现弱的增加趋势;而同期干旱和雨涝强度总体均呈微弱的增加趋势,以雨涝强度稍强;干旱和雨涝同时发生的几率占比60.3%。大豆生长季或将进入一个较湿润阶段,2012—2018年间,雨涝的影响范围和发生强度均明显高于干旱,有6年均发生了全域性或区域性雨涝,其中,5年发生中度雨涝。不同区域大豆生长季旱涝对其产量影响程度有所差异,西北部、北部和东部地区雨涝的影响均明显大于干旱的影响,中部地区干旱和雨涝的影响程度相差不大,西南部、南部、东南部地区干旱的影响远大于雨涝的影响。在大豆开花-鼓粒期,旱涝与大豆产量的波动密切相关,西北部、西南部、中部、南部、东南部地区降水正常略偏多对大豆增产有利,但中度及以上雨涝仍会造成大豆减产;北部地区大豆产量波动主要受雨涝影响严重,东部地区干旱和雨涝对大豆产量波动造成的影响程度相似。     

利用蛋白酶产生菌固态发酵去除豆粕中抗原蛋白

从实验室保藏的菌种中,筛选出固态发酵所需的高产蛋白酶菌株,进行豆粕发酵。以抗源蛋白去除情况作为考察指标,通过条件优化发现,在豆粕水分质量分数为45%,颗粒直径在1.0-2.0 mm,发酵温度35℃,发酵时间为50 h时,抗原蛋白的去除率在90%以上。通过十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,发现抗源蛋白得到有效降解,分解为相对分子质量小于10 000的肽类物质。     

Isolation of soybean lipoxygenase-2 by affinity chromatography

Isoenzyme lipoxygenase-2 from soybean was isolated by affinity chromatography. Gel electrophoresis showed it to be a single protein. Its pH optimum of 6.5, range of 5.0–8.0 and activity which increased when Ca²⁺ was added identified the isolated enzyme as lipoxygenase-2.     

Mites associated with soybean crop in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

During the last growing seasons, high infestations of phytophagous mites were observed in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, becoming necessary to apply pesticides for their control. The objective of this study was to identify phytophagous and predatory mite species associated with soybean in ten counties of that state, during the 2002/03 and 2003/04 growing seasons, in five soybean cultivars (A 6001 RG, A 7001 RG, A 8000 RG, A 8100 RG, Anta 82), all genetically modified. In samples of soybean leaves four phytophagous mite species (Mononychellus planki (McGregor), Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), Tetranychus desertorum Banks and Tetranychus gigas Pritchard & Baker) and two predatory mite species (Phytoseiulus fragariae Denmark & Schicha and Typhlodromalus aripo De Leon) were found. T. desertorum was found for the first time associated with soybean in the country. Phytoseiulus fragariae and T. aripo are reported for the first time on soybean. The potential of phytoseid mites as biological control agents in soybean crop was discussed. Among the hypotheses to explain the increasing infestation of soybean fields with phytophagous mites area are the progressively larger cultivated area, the dry spells observed in the last few years in the growing season, changes in soybean cropping system that led to increased use of pesticides and utilization of new soybean cultivars with morphological or biochemicals characteristics that favour the development of these mite populations.     

Isolation and characterization of a soybean cDNA clone encoding the plastid form of aspartate aminotransferase

Five aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1; AAT) isozymes were identified in soybean seedling extracts and designated AAT1 to AAT5 based on their rate of migration on non-denaturing electrophoretic gels. AAT1 was detected only in extracts of cotyledons from dark-grown seedlings. AAT3 and AAT4 were detected in crude extracts of leaves and in cotyledons of seedlings grown in the light. AAT2 and AAT5 were detected in all tissues examined. A soybean leaf cDNA clone, pSAT17, was identified by hybridization to a carrot AAT cDNA clone at low stringency. pSAT17 had an open reading frame which could encode a 50 581 Da protein. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence from the pSAT17 open reading frame with mature AAT protein sequences from rat disclosed a 60 amino acid N-terminal extension in the pSAT17 protein. This extension had characteristics of a plastid transit peptide.A plasmid, pEXAT17, was constructed which encoded the mature protein lacking the putative chloroplast transit polypeptide. Transformed Escherichia coli expressed a functional soybean AAT isozyme, which comigrated with the soybean AAT5 isozyme during agarose gel electrophoresis. Differential sucrose gradient sedimentation of soybean extracts indicated that AAT5 specifically cofractionated with chloroplasts. Antibodies raised against the pEXAT17-encoded AAT protein specifically reacted with the AAT5 isozyme of soybean and not with any of the other isozymes, indicating that the soybean cDNA clone, pSAT17, encodes the chloroplast isozyme, AAT5.