泰和乌骨鸡肌肉氨基酸营养价值的研究

泰和乌骨鸡肌肉含有18种氨基酸,总量为20.63%,其中8种人体必须氨基酸总量为8.30%,4种鲜味氨基酸总量为8.96%。必须氨基酸在总氨基酸中所占的百分比高于WHO/FAO模式,必须氨基酸的构成比例基本符合WHO/FAO标准     

Seasonal variations in rheumatoid factor titer in newly hospitalized mental patients

Abstract

Rheumatoid factor titer was determined on 655 newly admitted mental patients, of whom 32.4% were found positive. When the overall findings were divided into “winter readings” obtained from October through March, and “summer readings” obtained from April through September, the prevalence of positive titers in negro and non‐negro males was found to be significantly higher in the former than in the latter. No such seasonal variations were observed in the corresponding female cohorts.     

Abnormal hemoglobins and various genetic aspects of mestization of the population of the central regions of Cuba

The distribution of the abnormal haemoglobins was estimated in 3763 blood samples of subjects from central part of Cuba. A high incidence of HbS carriers is shown. Some considerations on the presence of the S haemoglobin and gene flow intensity in the europeoid and negro groups in the central part of Cuba are represented.     

Life Histories and Fitness of Two Tuber Moth Species Feeding on Native Andean Potatoes

In the inter-Andean valleys of central Perú, two species of tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) and Symmetrischema tangolias (Gyen), often occur simultaneously in stored potatoes. Traditional farming communities in the region produce a variety of native potatoes for local consumption. These include Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena, the presumed predecessor of commercial potatoes, S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum. In this study, we examined resistance against P. operculella in ten native Peruvian potato varieties (Casa blanca, Chispiadita, Madre de vaca, Mamaco negro, Misha, Chorisa, Mamaco rosado, Occa papa, Vacapa jayllo, and Yana tornasol). We also compared resistance in the first five of these varieties against S. tangolias. Varieties with pigmented periderms showed moderate resistance (30?C40% against P. operculella in Mamaco negro, Mamaco rosado, and Yana tornasol and 55% against S. tangolias in Mamaco negro). All the other varieties were susceptible to both moth species. Small tubers tended to be the most resistant to the attack by both moths; however, this was not related to the availability of food for developing larvae, since pupal weight and development time were unaffected by the size of tubers. Similar responses by the two moths to native potatoes indicate that tuber resistance could be used to control the complex of tuber moths that damage potatoes in the Andes. We suggest that native potatoes, which are often easily introgressed with commercial potatoes, are a potential source of resistance against tuber moths.     

G6PD deficiency with Gd(-)A like variant in a Chinese family from Cambodia

Summary A low rate value of G6PD was found in red blood cells from a Cambodian boy. Enzyme mapping was performed according to the WHO standard methods. G6PD presented all the characteristics of the A(-) variant encountered in the Negroes and behaved distinct from fast migrating enzymes described in China. No negro was in the ancestry of the mother.     

Spider prey (Araneae) of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) rogenhoferi (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in southeastern Brazil

Fifty five nests and 216 cells of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) rogenhoferi were obtained from trap-nests (cut bamboo canes) in Santa Carlota Farm (Itaoca Section = IS and Santana Section = SS), Cajuru and on the S?o Paulo University Campus, Ribeir?o Preto (= RP), both in the State of S?o Paulo, Brazil (Sept. 1993-Oct. 1995). The prey (spiders) of 40 cells from IS, 58 from SS and 39 from RP were identified. The greatest nesting frequency occurred during the hot and wet season (September to April). T. rogenhoferi preyed upon individuals of five spider families, with Araneidae (orb-weaver spiders) being the most frequent (99.6%). Alpaida aff. negro (58%) was the most frequently collected species in IS, followed by A. alto (24.8%); in SS (59.6%) and RP (64.7%) the most frequent species was A. veniliae, followed in SS by A. aff. negro (14.9%) and in RP by A. leucogramma (13.5%). The size of reproductive niches, H' = 1.25 (IS), H' = 1.30 (SS) and H' = 1.29 (RP) were not significantly different. There was a positive correlation between the reproductive niche width (H') and evenness.     

Comparative odontometry of the permanent post-canine dentition of American Whites and Negroes

The permanent post-canine teeth of American Whites and American Negroes of the New York City area were studied odontometrically. The mesio-distal and bucco-lingual dimensions of the crowns were measured, as was the total tooth height and crown height. The individual root lengths of these teeth were also measured, in several ways, as was root width. The mean total root volumes of these teeth was measured by a unique mercury displacement method. In another aspect of this study the mean angular divergence of the roots from a mid-coronal vertical plane was determined, while the robustness of these roots was described as a ratio between root width and length. Finally, an extensive comparison was made between our data and those in the literature on a number of African Negro populations. American Negro tooth crown and root dimensions and volumes were significantly different from those of American Whites only sporadically, although the Negro teeth usually tended to be larger. Our comparative data gave some indication that the size of both the maxillary and mandibular American negro teeth, as well as the shape of the mandibular (but not the maxillary) American Negro teeth are roughly intermediate between those of American Whites and South African Negroes. This suggestion that a “hybrid” population may possess intermediate values of crown index and of crown module is supported by our analysis of Hottentot-South African Negro hybrids with their presumptive parental stocks.     

A rare origin of the superior thyroid artery

In the course of a classroom dissection of a negro male (height: 167 cm; weight: 56.8 kg), and anomalous right superior thyroid artery was noted. It arose from the common carotid artery 27 mm proximal to the bifurcation into external and internal carotids. Previous reports indicate that the incidence of origin of the superior thyroid from the common carotid or its bifurcation varies from 5 to 45%, depending on the population sampled. Moreover, a low origin is more common in females than males, and appears approximately twice as often on the left as on the right. Previous reports also indicate that the origin is only very rarely more than 1 cm proximal to the bifurcation, only one case having been reported of an origin 25 mm proximal. The present case appears to be the most proximal origin so far recorded, and the first far proximal origin in negroes. The implications of such a low origin for surgical approach to the thyroid are considerable.     

Predynastic egyptian stature and physical proportions

An attempt has been made to estimate male and female Egyptian stature from long bone length usingTrotter &Gleser negro stature formulae, previous work by the authors having shown that these rather than white formulae give more consistent results with male dynastic material. Evidence is presented that the tibia length should include the spine in the later (1958) formulae and should exclude it in the earlier (1952) formulae. It is also shown that better results are obtained if the constants in the stature formulae are modified so as to conform more exactly with the basic data published byTrotter &Gleser. When consistency has been achieved in this way, predynastic, proportions are founded to be such that distal segments of the limbs are even longer in relation to the proximal segments than they are in modern negroes. Such proportions are termed ?super-negroid?.     

Elevated Plasma Levels of P-Selectin (GMP-140/CD62P) in Patients with Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

The plasma concentration of soluble P-selectin (GMP-140/CD62P/PADGEM), a selectin produced by activated platelets and endothelial cells, was quantitated in a group of adults and East African negro children presenting with either non-severe or severe (cerebral) malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Sixty percent of adults with non-severe malaria had immunoreactive levels of P-selectin above 200 ng/ml (the maximum recorded for any normal healthy adult in the assay) and 86 % of all African children with malaria had concentrations above normal irrespective of their clinical categorization, and most exceeded the maximum limits of the assay (> 640 ng/ml). There was no correlation between P-selectin levels and parasitemia. These results raise the possibility that elevated soluble P-selectin in malaria may have an important beneficial antiinflammatory function.     

Chemistry and ethnobotany of commercial incense copals copal blanco, copal oro, and copal negro, of North America

The North American commercial incense copals are derived from species of Bursera, Protium (Burseraceae), and Hymenaea (Caesal-piniaceae) but are also distinguished by the technique of harvesting as well as by species. Sixty-eight compounds were identified in three commercial incense copals. The essential oil of copal bianco (probably from B. bipinnata) is dominated by 14.52 ± 1.28% α-copaene and 13.75 ± 1.06% germacrene D. The essential oil of copal oro (probably from H. courbaril) is dominated by 21.35 ± 5.96% α-pinene and 26.51 ± 1.22% limonene. The essential oil of copal negro (probably from P. copal) is dominated by 17.95 ± 1.35% α-pinene, 12.51 ± 0.08% sabinene, and 16.88 ± 2.02% limonene.

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Química y etnobotánica de los copales comerciales del incienso, copal blanco, copal oro, y copal negro, de norte América

Resumen  Los copales comerciales norteamericanas del incienso se derivan de las especies de Bursera, Protium (Burseraceae),y Hymenaea (Caesalpi-niaceae)pero también son distinguidos por la técnica de cosechar así como por las especies. Sesenta y ocho compuestos fueron identificados en tres copales comerciales del incienso. El aceite esencial del copal bianco (probablemente de B. bipinnata)es dominado por el α-copae-ne (14.52 ± 1.28%)y el germacrene D (13.75 ± 1.06%).El aceite esencial del copal oro (probablemente de H. courbaril)es dominado por el α-pinene (21.35 ± 5.96%)y el limonene (26.51 ± 1.22%).El aceite esencial del copal negro (probablemente de P. copal)es dominado por el a-pinene (17.95 ± 1.35%),el sabinene (12.51 ± 0.08%),y el limonene (16.88 ± 2.02%).

     

Intrinsic water use efficiency at the pollination stage as a parameter for drought tolerance selection in Phaseolus vulgaris

Genotype differences in gas exchange during ontogeny and water stress responses at the vegetative and pollination stages were evaluated in four lines of Phaseolus vulgaris L. In the cultivar Carioca, net photosynthetic rate ( A ) and stomatal conductance ( g _s) were lower at the vegetative stage (20 days after sowing [DAS]) and maximum at the pollination stage (39 DAS), followed by a decrease at the flowering stage (46 DAS) and a dramatic fall at the grain-filling stage (60 DAS). Among the lines studied, the stomata of A320 closed faster than those of the other lines when water stress occurred at 20 or 39 DAS. The cultivar SC-90298823 had greater stomatal conductance at 39 DAS and a higher photosynthetic level than the other lines. Stomata of Ouro negro remained partially open during the water stress at the pollination stage (39 DAS) and supported a positive net photosynthetic rate ( A ). Differences were also found between lines in intrinsic water use efficiency (IWUE) at 39 DAS, but not at 20 DAS. The possibility of using IWUE at the pollination stage is discussed, in view of its use as one of the parameters for a drought tolerance breeding program in bean lines.     

Determinants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in homosexual and bisexual men screened for admission to a cohort study of HIV negatives in Belo Horizonte,Brazil: Project Horizonte

Project Horizonte, an open cohort of homosexual and bisexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) negative men, is a component of the AIDS Vaccine Program, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The objective of this study was to compare volunteers testing HIV positive at cohort entry with a sample of those who tested HIV negative in order to identify risk factors for prevalent HIV infection, in a population being screened for enrollment at Project Horizonte. A nested case-control study was conducted. HIV positive volunteers at entry (cases) were matched by age and admission date to three HIV negative controls each. Selected variables used for the current analysis included demographic factors, sexual behavior and other risk factors for HIV infection. During the study period (1994-2001), among the 621 volunteers screened, 61 tested positive for HIV. Cases were matched to 183 HIV negative control subjects. After adjustments, the main risk factors associated with HIV infection were unprotected sex with an occasional partners, OR = 3.7 (CI 95% 1.3-10.6), receptive anal intercourse with an occasional partner, OR = 2.8 (95% CI 0.9-8.9) and belonging to the negro racial group, OR = 3.4 (CI 95% 1.1-11.9). These variables were associated with an increase in the risk of HIV infection among men who have sex with men at the screening for admission to an open HIV negative cohort.     

Das Farbkleid von Rhinoderma darwini D. & B., seine Zeichnungsmuster und Variabilität

Se describen a base de 198 ejemplares de Rhinoderma darwini los patrones de colores de tres variedades: unicolor (47%), angulata (49%) y lateralis (4%). Los sapitos son colectados entre Concepción y Aysén, de los cuales la mayoría pertenece a diferentes habitates en la província de Valdivia. Los colores congénitos de la especie son: negro, bianco, café y verde. La tonalidad de los colores de la piel, café y verde, en las partes dorsales y laterales se adaptan de acuerdo al ambiente del animal. Esta adaptación es solamente posible entre un oscurecimiento y aclaramiento del color básico. Es dudoso, si esta adaptación significa una protección efectiva y si Rhinoderma busca un biotopo que corresponda a su patron. Se discute la posibilidad, que Rhinoderma no esté some‐tido a una gran presión selectiva.     

Phylogenetic revision of the Charis cleonus complex (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)

Abstract.  A revision of the Charis cleonus group of Neotropical riodinid butterflies is presented, including discussions on the taxonomy, biogeography and biology of its species, and illustrations of the adults and male and female genitalia (where known) of all taxa. We recognize twenty-two species, including nineteen new species: C. ariquemes sp.n., C. brasilia sp.n., C. breves sp.n., C. cacaulandia sp.n., C. cuiaba sp.n., C. humaita sp.n., C. ipiranga sp.n., C. iquitos sp.n., C. ma sp.n., C. manicore sp.n., C. manu sp.n., C. matic sp.n., C. maues sp.n., C. negro sp.n., C. palcazu sp.n., C. rocana sp.n., C. santarem sp.n., C. tapajos sp.n and C. tefe sp.n. A cladistic analysis using thirty-six characters of male and female genitalia and external facies generated a single most parsimonious cladogram highlighting the existence of two clades, the major and cleonus subgroups. As each species largely occupies a parapatric range, this cladogram provides the opportunity to reassess historical relationships among areas of endemism in the Amazon basin.     

A complex structural variant at the KIT locus in cattle with the Pinzgauer spotting pattern

A specific white spotting phenotype, termed finching or line‐backed spotting, is known for all Pinzgauer cattle and occurs occasionally in Tux‐Zillertaler cattle, two Austrian breeds. The so‐called Pinzgauer spotting is inherited as an autosomal incompletely dominant trait. A genome‐wide association study using 27 white spotted and 16 solid‐coloured Tux‐Zillertaler cattle, based on 777k SNP data, revealed a strong signal on chromosome 6 at the KIT locus. Haplotype analyses defined a critical interval of 122 kb downstream of the KIT coding region. Whole‐genome sequencing of a Pinzgauer cattle and comparison to 338 control genomes revealed a complex structural variant consisting of a 9.4‐kb deletion and an inversely inserted duplication of 1.5 kb fused to a 310‐kb duplicated segment from chromosome 4. A diagnostic PCR was developed for straightforward genotyping of carriers for this structural variant (KIT^PINZ) and confirmed that the variant allele was present in all Pinzgauer and most of the white spotted Tux‐Zillertaler cattle. In addition, we detected the variant in all Slovenian Cika, British Gloucester and Spanish Berrenda en negro cattle with similar spotting patterns. Interestingly, the KIT^PINZ variant occurs in some white spotted animals of the Swiss breeds Evolèner and Eringer. The introgression of the KIT^PINZ variant confirms admixture and the reported historical relationship of these short‐headed breeds with Austrian Tux‐Zillertaler and suggests a mutation event, occurring before breed formation.     

Characterization of algae using regularities

The weight fraction carbon and reductance degree of algae are reviewed for literature data. Average values are compared with values for yeast and bacteria. The results show that the standard deviation and coefficient of variation are small as long as the algae are grown under adequate nutritional conditions. For nitrogen-deficient growth conditions, the storage of lipids has been observed; this results in values of weight fraction carbon and reductance degree which are larger than the average values.     

DNA values in somatic tissues of Dermestes (Dermestidae: Coleoptera)

The distribution of DNA values in some somatic tissues of seven Dermestes species has been investigated. In all cases the DNA values are distributed as members of a doubling series. Distributions are found to be similar between species and sexes for the same tissue but different between tissues in the same species. Species DNA values derived from somatic tissues agree with DNA values previously determined for spermatids. These data are discussed in relation to the range of species DNA values (2.7 x) and the process of differentiation.     

Very fast empirical prediction and rationalization of protein pKa values

A very fast empirical method is presented for structure-based protein pKa prediction and rationalization. The desolvation effects and intra-protein interactions, which cause variations in pKa values of protein ionizable groups, are empirically related to the positions and chemical nature of the groups proximate to the pKa sites. A computer program is written to automatically predict pKa values based on these empirical relationships within a couple of seconds. Unusual pKa values at buried active sites, which are among the most interesting protein pKa values, are predicted very well with the empirical method. A test on 233 carboxyl, 12 cysteine, 45 histidine, and 24 lysine pKa values in various proteins shows a root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of 0.89 from experimental values. Removal of the 29 pKa values that are upper or lower limits results in an RMSD = 0.79 for the remaining 285 pKa values.     

Brief report: Normal hematology values of Sykes monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis albogularis)

Hematologic values are presented for the Sykes monkey (Cercopithecus mitis albogularis). The values are, in general, similar to published findings for other primate species. Elevated hemoglobin, possibly caused by high altitude, was noted. Significant differences of several values between males and females are discussed.