共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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核基因序列在昆虫分子系统学上的应用 总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14
核基因中含有更加丰富的生物学信息,运用核基因序列或将核基因序列与线粒体基因序列相结合研究昆虫的系统发育正成为分子系统学领域的一种发展趋势.核糖体基因中18S rDNA、28S rDNA、ITS已在昆虫分子系统学中得到了广泛的应用.与核糖体基因相比,虽然编码蛋白的核基因应用于昆虫分子系统学的种类不少,但大部分都是应用于双翅目和鳞翅目昆虫的分子系统学研究中,能够成功地普遍用于多个目昆虫的系统学研究的核基因并不多.本文简要介绍了应用于昆虫分子系统学的核中核糖体基因和编码蛋白的核基因,并分析了核基因序列在分子系统学应用上的局限性和应用前景. 相似文献
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植物分子系统学近五年的研究进展概况 总被引:52,自引:3,他引:52
本文综述了与分子系统学发展密切相关的4个因素:1.分子生物学方法的不断改进;2.基因组的全序列测定;3.用于分子系统学研究的基因种类不断增加,对这些基因进化规律的认识不断深入;4.化石DNA的研究。本文还阐述了核基因及叶绿体基因在系统学研究中的应用,例举了rbcL、matk、18s rDNA和ITS序列分析在植物系统发育研究中取得的重要成果,同时提出了分子系统学研究中应注意的一些问题。 相似文献
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核基因在两栖爬行动物分子系统学中的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从DNA水平探索生物进化的理论、生物类群的演化历史具有重要的意义,应用DNA序列研究生物的系统发育和进化规律成为当前分子系统学研究的热点,与线粒体DNA相比,核基因由于包含有更加丰富的生物学信息,运用核基因序列或将核基因序列与线粒体基因序列相结合研究两栖爬行动物的系统发育,正成为分子系统学领域的新的发展趋势.Rag-1、Rag-2、tyrosinase、rhodopsin、C-mos等核基因已在两栖爬行动物分子系统学中得到了广泛的应用.由于目前的技术手段等诸多因素,限制了更多的核基因用于两栖爬行动物分子系统学研究.为此简要介绍了目前核基因在两栖爬行动物分子系统学方面的研究进展,并分析了核基因序列在分子系统学应用上面临的问题和应用前景. 相似文献
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蚂蚁群落研究方法 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
综述了蚂蚁群落常见抽样方法和分析方法,总结了陷阱法、样方法、诱饵法、枯落物抽样法、手拣法、杀虫剂击倒法、精细抽样法及样地调查法等抽样方法的优点及不足,分析了不同抽样方法采集蚂蚁的效率,介绍了国际上通用的地表蚂蚁抽样方法ALL草案及蚂蚁功能群研究,比较了物种累积曲线、相对多度、物种丰富度和多样性指数等在蚂蚁群落分析中的运用.指出了当前蚂蚁群落研究中存在研究方法不够规范的问题,提出了运用ALL草案在全国范围内进行蚂蚁群落调查,在高度异质性的生境开展抽样方法比较研究,加强对蚂蚁群落物种累积曲线及相对多度的分析,通过它们来进行科学的物种丰富度估计的建议. 相似文献
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张光富 《植物资源与环境学报》2001,10(2):58-58
W .S .Judd等著的《植物系统学 :系统发育方法》(PlantSystematics:APhylogeneticApproach)一书将维管植物按照分支分类学研究结果分门别类进行了介绍。该书 1999年出版 ,全书共 8章。第 1章植物系统学 ,介绍植物系统学定义及其研究的重要性 ;第 2章生物系统学的方法与原则 ,解释如何根据系统学证据重建系统发育关系 ;第 3章有花植物的分类与系统 :历史背景 ,概述在系统发育历史背景下应如何看待分类群 ;第 4章分类学证据 :形态结构与生化性状 ;第 5章分子系统学 ,介绍植物系统学的主要证据 ,侧… 相似文献
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苔藓植物分子系统学研究概况 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
结合同工酶分析技术及随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)、限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)和DNA序列测序3种分子生物学技术,对苔藓植物的分子系统学研究概况进行了介绍,并指出了在苔藓植物分子系统学研究中存在的一些问题. 相似文献
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The last decade has witnessed a resurgence in the study of the evolution of plant development, combining investigations in systematics, developmental morphology, molecular developmental genetics, and molecular evolution. The integration of phylogenetic studies, structural analyses of fossil and extant taxa, and molecular developmental genetic information allows the formulation of explicit and testable hypotheses for the evolution of morphological characters. These comprehensive approaches provide opportunities to dissect the evolution of major developmental transitions among land plants, including those associated with apical meristems, the origins of the root/shoot dichotomy, diversification of leaves, and origin and subsequent modification of flower structure. The evolution of these major developmental innovations is discussed within both phylogenetic and molecular genetic contexts. We conclude that it is the combination of these approaches that will lead to the greatest understanding of the evolution of plant development. 相似文献
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植物遗传多样性和系统学研究中的等位酶分析* 总被引:29,自引:2,他引:29
本文对“等位酶”概念、等位酶分析方法在植物遗传多样性和系统学研究中应用的范围(包括种上和种下)进行了介绍和讨论,并对其优点和缺点进行了评论。认为等位酶分析是研究生物遗传多样性的重要方法,并为系统学和进化研究进入分子水平开辟了广阔而实用的前景,但使用分子资料并不意味着可以抛弃形态、细胞等其他方面的资料,它们的关系是互相补充,而决不是互相代替。 相似文献
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分子遗传标记技术在蜻蜓目昆虫研究中的应用 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
分子生物学技术应用于昆虫系统学研究在近些年发展相当迅速。目前已出现了几十种分子遗传标记。该文简述了酯酶同工酶电泳、核酸序列分析以及AFLP、RAPD、核酸探针等分子生物学技术在蜻蜓目昆虫研究中的应用情况。 相似文献
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Toru Terachi 《Journal of plant research》1993,106(1):75-79
Recent advances in manipulating nucleic acids have opened a new research field called plant molecular systematics. This short
review provides an overview of molecular techniques which have been used in the analysis of DNA molecules for the study of
plant systematics, with a special emphasis on PCR. The early application of DNA analysis, DNA/DNA hybridization, has not become
popular with plant systematists, because of several disadvantages inherent in the method. The survey of restriction fragment
length polymorphisms (RFLPs), on the contrary, has become one of the preferred methods used by plant molecular systematists,
since the method is relatively easy to perform. Although unambiguous data can be obtained by both long-range restriction mapping
and nucleotide sequencing, these approaches may have limited use in plant molecular systematics because of their laborious
experimental procedures relying on conventional molecular cloning techniques. To date, PCR based analyses of the DNA molecule
seem to be the most suitable experimental approach for plant molecular systematics. Several advantages of the method have
changed both the quality and quantity of the DNA data. Further application of PCR to plant molecular systematics will open
up a new era in the field.
The present paper is based on the contribution which was read in a symposium entitled “Organellar DNA Variations in Higher
Plants and their Taxonomic Significance”, at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Botanical Society of Japan in Shizuoka on October
2, 1990, under the auspices of the Japan Society of Plant Taxonomists. 相似文献
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The comparative and evolutionary analysis of molecular data has allowed researchers to tackle biological questions that have
long remained unresolved. The evolution of DNA and amino acid sequences can now be modeled accurately enough that the information
conveyed can be used to reconstruct the past. The methods to infer phylogeny (the pattern of historical relationships among
lineages of organisms and/or sequences) range from the simplest, based on parsimony, to more sophisticated and highly parametric
ones based on likelihood and Bayesian approaches. In general, molecular systematics provides a powerful statistical framework
for hypothesis testing and the estimation of evolutionary processes, including the estimation of divergence times among taxa.
The field of molecular systematics has experienced a revolution in recent years, and, although there are still methodological
problems and pitfalls, it has become an essential tool for the study of evolutionary patterns and processes at different levels
of biological organization. This review aims to present a brief synthesis of the approaches and methodologies that are most
widely used in the field of molecular systematics today, as well as indications of future trends and state-of-the-art approaches. 相似文献