GroEL分子伴侣研究进展

大肠杆菌的GroEL是同型寡聚复合体,由14个相对分子质量58×103亚基组成背靠背的双环结构。它在新生蛋白质的正确折叠和组装以及在热或化学逆境下变性蛋白质的恢复过程中起重要作用。同时,在大肠杆菌的跨膜转运及插入细胞质膜方面都起重要作用。这些活动依赖于GroEL与底物蛋白的疏水片断的相互作用。综述了Hsp60分子伴侣系统中研究得比较清楚的GroEL的晶体结构、功能及作用机理等方面的研究进展。     

分子伴侣结构与功能的研究进展

分子伴侣是细胞内一类能够协助其他多肽进行正常折叠、组装、转运、降解的蛋白,并在 DNA的复制、转录,细胞骨架功能,细胞内的信号转导等广泛的领域,都发挥着重要的生理作用,其结构与功能异常会导致多种相关的疾病。简要综述了分子伴侣结构与功能方面的研究进展。     

辅分子伴侣调控热休克蛋白HSP90功能的研究

热休克蛋白90(HSP90)是一类ATPase依赖性蛋白,作为分子伴侣,可在辅分子伴侣协助下,通过自身构象改变,参与众多细胞的生物学事件,从而协助新合成蛋白的正确折叠、成功装配、功能稳定及异常蛋白的降解过程。HSP90功能的发挥依赖于辅分子伴侣及氨基末端结合的核苷酸。辅分子伴侣是一类可与分子伴侣(如,HSP90)结合并调节其功能的蛋白,通过参与ATPase循环从而调节HSP90分子伴侣的功能。近年来,辅分子伴侣的研究得到越来越多的关注,本文就辅分子伴侣调控HSP90功能的作用进行综述。     

分子伴侣HSP70研究进展

分子伴侣ＨＳＰ７０在原核、真核细胞均已发现,它们具有共同的生化特征,在细胞内各自分布在特定的区域。其主要生物学功能是促进新生多肽链的正确折叠,对于分子重排、解离聚集蛋白和新生多肽的膜运输也具有重要的辅助作用。     

脑缺血后HSP70表达的研究进展

Ritosso ( 1 962 )首先发现环境温度高于正常生理温度 4℃～ 6℃时 ,染色体上会出现特殊的膨突( Puffs) ,称其为热休克现象。后来 Tissieres等发现染色体的这一膨突与细胞中的一类特殊蛋白质的合成有关 ,并将这一类特殊蛋白质称为热休克蛋白 ( Heatshock protein,HSP)或热应激蛋白。近年来研究发现缺血性细胞损伤可以出现 HSP的表达 [1] ,还发现 HSP对受损细胞有保护作用。1　 HSP的分类　　 70 k Da家族是 HSP中最保守和最主要的一类 ,包括 68、70、72及 78k Da的 HSP。其中 HSP70是在缺血性脑损伤中研究最广泛的一种。氨基酸顺…     

牛源HSP70基因点突变、分子进化和pET32a-c(+)原核表达

设计引物PCR方法克隆了奶牛1926bp的HSP70基因,连接到pGEMR○-T Easy Vector上测序,与NCBI上的序列比对,发现开放阅读框内的点突变(941位点,T→C),致使314位L(亮氨酸)→P(脯氨酸)。DNAstar Protean分析点突变对蛋白的原核表达一、二级结构、等电点进行了分析,结果显示螺旋转角区数目增多,不规则卷曲发生轻微变化,但其它指标均不变。此外,通过DNAstar MegAlign用Clustal V方法分析HSP70家族蛋白的同源性、氨基酸残基替换频率并构建了分子进化树,结果发现碱性、酸性氨基酸(R和K)、分支的氨基酸(V和L)、极性氨基酸(S和T)等在生物HSP70分子进化中氨基酸发生替换的频率最高,HSP70可以作为研究生物系统演化的一个重要的工具。在上述基础上,在HSP70基因上、下游引物分别加上EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ酶切位点,构建了pET-32a-c( )-bHSP70原核表达质粒,IPTG诱导成功得到重组牛源HSP70蛋白,293细胞和Hela细胞的体外实验表明原核表达的蛋白有抗凋亡生物活性[动物学报51(6)1080-1090,2005]。     

分子内分子伴侣机制的研究进展

在原核生物、真核生物及病毒中,一些蛋白质的折叠不符合Anfinsen原则,即依靠自身的氨基酸序列是不够的,还需一段被称为分子内分子伴侣(IMC)的肽段来协助折叠．根据机制不同,IMC可分为两类：第一类IMC引导成熟肽折叠为具有空间结构的蛋白质;第二类IMC协助成熟肽的多聚化而使其获得生物学功能．IMC能提供比分子伴侣更契合的结构,更有效地引导成熟肽折叠,是一种更优的折叠策略．研究IMC分子机制,不仅能够确定IMC上哪些残基的协同作用引导成熟肽折叠,而且可通过改变或修饰其侧链来改造成熟肽,拓展传统的蛋白质工程．     

内质网分子伴侣Calnexin的研究进展

作为内质网中的一类重要的类凝集素分子伴侣,钙连蛋白Calnexin参与细胞内的许多重要生物学功能.对其发现、分布、结构、功能、作用底物及作用机制等方面的研究进行了综述.     

HSP70系统分析与ER的起源

HSP 70是迄今研究过的进化上最保守的蛋白质之一,是分子伴侣的主要成分,对蛋白的跨膜转运及特定构象的维持等起着重要作用。对其序列进行系统分析表明,古细菌,真细菌和真核细胞内的HSP 70虽具有很强的相似性,但各具特点。真核细胞各区室(细胞器)的HSP 70顺序也既有共性,又有特性。根据ER HSP 70的特点,可推测出ER起源于真核细胞诞生的早期阶段,并由此引起细胞内的区室化,这是真核细胞区别于原核细胞的本质特征之一。     

细菌周质分子伴侣LolA研究进展

细菌脂蛋白是一种脂质修饰的膜蛋白,参与细胞膜合成等多种重要生理过程.脂蛋白形成过程依赖于Lol转运系统,该蛋白最先在细胞质中以前体的形式合成,然后在细胞膜上被加工为成熟脂蛋白,锚定于细菌外膜周质侧.Lol系统由LolA-E五种蛋白组成,其中脂蛋白在周质空间中依赖伴侣蛋白LolA进行转运,LolA将脂蛋白以"mouth ...     

Cytoplasmic HSP70 homologues of pea: differential expression in vegetative and embryonic organs

Eukaryotes express several cytoplasmic HSP70 genes, and their encoded proteins participate in diverse cellular processes. Three cDNAs encoding highly expressed cytoplasmic HSP70 homologues from Pisum sativum were cloned and characterized. They were designated PsHSP71.2, PsHSC71.0, and PsHSP70b. These HSP70 genes have different expression profiles in leaves: PsHSP71.2 is observed only in response to heat stress, PsHSC71.0 is present constitutively, and PsHSP70b is weakly constitutively expressed, but induced strongly in response to heat stress. In addition to being heat induced, the PsHSP71.2 mRNA is also expressed in zygotic, but not maternal organs of developing pea seeds, while PsHSC71.0 and PsHSP70b mRNAs are present in maternal and zygotic organs throughout seed development. Immunoblot analysis of parallel protein samples detects a 70 kDa polypeptide in all samples, and a 72 kDa polypeptide that corresponds to the PsHSP71.2 gene product is observed in cotyledons beginning at mid-maturation and in axes beginning between late maturation and desiccation. This polypeptide is not detected in the seed coat. The 72 kDa polypeptide remains abundant in both cotyledons and axes through germination, but declines substantially between 48 and 72 h after the onset of imbibition. Differential control of HSP70 expression during heat stress, seed maturation, and germination is consistent with the hypothesis that there are functional distinctions between cytoplasmic HSP70s.     

Molecular evolution of the HSP70 multigene family

Eukaryotic genomes encode multiple 70-kDa heat-shock proteins (HSP70s). The Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSP70 family is comprised of eight members. Here we present the nucleotide sequence of the SSA3 and SSB2 genes, completing the nucleotide sequence data for the yeast HSP70 family. We have analyzed these yeast sequences as well as 29 HSP70s from 24 additional eukaryotic and prokaryotic species. Comparison of the sequences demonstrates the extreme conservation of HSP70s; proteins from the most distantly related species share at least 45% identity and more than one-sixth of the amino acids are identical in the aligned region (567 amino acids) among all proteins analyzed. Phylogenetic trees constructed by two independent methods indicate that ancient molecular and cellular events have given rise to at least four monophyletic groups of eukaryotic HSP70 proteins. Each group of evolutionarily similar HSP70s shares a common intracellular localization and is presumed to be comprised of functional homologues; these include heat-shock proteins of the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. HSP70s localized in mitochondria and plastids are most similar to the DnaK HSP70 homologues in purple bacteria and cyanobacteria, respectively, which is consistent with the proposed prokaryotic origin of these organelles. The analyses indicate that the major eukaryotic HSP70 groups arose prior to the divergence of the earliest eukaryotes, roughly 2 billion years ago. In some cases, as exemplified by the SSA genes encoding the cytoplasmic HSP70s of S. cerevisiae, more recent duplication events have given rise to subfamilies within the major groups. The S. cerevisiae SSB proteins comprise a unique subfamily not identified in other species to date. This subfamily appears to have resulted from an ancient gene duplication that occurred at approximately the same time as the origin of the major eukaryotic HSP70 groups. Correspondence to: E.A. Craig     

The Molecular Chaperone HSP70 Binds to and Stabilizes NOD2, an Important Protein Involved in Crohn Disease

Microbes are detected by the pathogen-associated molecular patterns through specific host pattern recognition receptors. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that recognizes fragments of the bacterial cell wall. NOD2 is important to human biology; when it is mutated it loses the ability to respond properly to bacterial cell wall fragments. To determine the mechanisms of misactivation in the NOD2 Crohn mutants, we developed a cell-based system to screen for protein-protein interactors of NOD2. We identified heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) as a protein interactor of both wild type and Crohn mutant NOD2. HSP70 has previously been linked to inflammation, especially in the regulation of anti-inflammatory molecules. Induced HSP70 expression in cells increased the response of NOD2 to bacterial cell wall fragments. In addition, an HSP70 inhibitor, KNK437, was capable of decreasing NOD2-mediated NF-κB activation in response to bacterial cell wall stimulation. We found HSP70 to regulate the half-life of NOD2, as increasing the HSP70 level in cells increased the half-life of NOD2, and down-regulating HSP70 decreased the half-life of NOD2. The expression levels of the Crohn-associated NOD2 variants were less compared with wild type. The overexpression of HSP70 significantly increased NOD2 levels as well as the signaling capacity of the mutants. Thus, our study shows that restoring the stability of the NOD2 Crohn mutants is sufficient for rescuing the ability of these mutations to signal the presence of a bacterial cell wall ligand.     

植物热激蛋白70的分子作用机理及其利用研究进展

热激蛋白70（heat shock protein 70,HSP70）广泛参与胁迫环境的响应,在诱发人体肿瘤细胞凋亡,增强肿瘤的免疫原性中起着重要作用。然而,植物HSP70的生理功能研究起步较晚,最近的研究发现植物HSP70在细胞内主要参与新生肽的折叠与成熟、损伤蛋白的降解和蛋白运输;植物HSP70在非生物胁迫环境的应答、抗病性及植物发育中起着重要作用。本文从分子生物学角度,系统综述了植物HSP70分子作用机理研究的进展,以及在提高植物抗逆性方面的作用,以期为基因工程方法改良作物抗性提供参考。     

HSP86 and HSP84 exhibit cellular specificity of expression and co-precipitate with an HSP70 family member in the murine testis

This study extends to the protein level our previous observations, which had established the stage and cellular specificity of expression of hsp86 and hsp84 in the murine testis in the absence of exogenous stress. Immunoblot analysis was used to demonstrate that HSP86 protein was present throughout testicular development and that its levels increased with the appearance of differentiating germ cells. HSP86 was most abundant in the germ cell population and was present at significantly lower levels in the somatic cells. By contrast, the HSP84 protein was detected in the somatic cells of the testis rather than in germ cells. The steady-state levels of HSP86 and HSP84 paralleled the pattern of the expression of their respective mRNAs, suggesting that regulation at the level of translation was not a major mechanism controlling hsp90 gene expression in testicular cells. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that a 70-kDa protein coprecipitated with the HSP86/HSP84 proteins in testicular homogenates. This protein was identified as an HSP70 family member by immunoblot analysis, suggesting that HSP70 and HSP90 family members interact in testicular cells. © 1993Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

日本三角涡虫hsp70 cDNA克隆及原核表达

热休克蛋白70 是热休克蛋白家族中的重要成员, 它在保护生物体免受各种胁迫中发挥重要作用。由于其惊人的再生能力, 淡水涡虫作为研究再生和发育的模式动物受到研究者关注。但是, 有关涡虫抗逆性的分子机制却少有报道。研究采用 RACE (Rapid amplification of cDNA end) 技术首次从日本三角涡虫中克隆出hsp70 (Djhsp70)全长cDNA 序列。Djhsp70 cDNA 全长2066 bp, 含有1947 bp 的开放阅读框, 编码648 个氨基酸, 分子量71.18 kD, GenBank 登录号EU380241。DjHSP70 的氨基酸含有真核生物HSP70 家族蛋白的三个标签序列(9–16 位的IDLGTTYS、199—206 位的 DLGGGTFD、334–339 位的IVLVGG)和末端高度保守序列EEVD。经BLAST 检索分析, Djhsp70 的核苷酸序列和推定的氨基酸序列与目前已知HSP70 家族成员高度同源。有趣的是, HSP70 亲缘关系分析表明: 涡虫更靠近脊椎动物, 而与无脊椎动物果蝇和线虫相距较远。为了制备抗体研究DjHSP70 的组织学定位, 实验还成功构建了DjHSP70 表达载体, 在IPTG 诱导下表达出约76 kD 的融合蛋白。Djhsp70 cDNA 的克隆与表达载体的构建为下一步工作奠定了基础。       

分子伴侣HdeA与底物蛋白SurA作用机制的模拟研究

分子伴侣HdeA与底物蛋白间的相互作用可帮助底物蛋白复性,这是肠道致病菌得以在酸性环境中幸存的重要原因之一.为探究HdeA发挥伴侣活性的作用机制,本研究采用分子对接和分子动力学的方法,模拟了HdeA与底物蛋白SurA间的相互作用,计算了二者的结合自由能.通过分析HdeA-SurA复合物体系的作用模式、氢键作用以及能量分解的结果,确定了HdeA与底物蛋白SurA结合时发挥重要作用的关键氨基酸残基.该研究结果为以后采用实验手段探究HdeA与底物蛋白之间的作用提供了重要的理论参考,同时为今后设计与开发HdeA的抑制剂提供了理论指导依据.     

分子伴侣GroE系统能量传递机制的研究

用SwissPDBViewer软件对分子伴侣GroE系统与底物的相互作用进行了模拟 ,结果表明 :GroEL顶端结构域在GroES和靶蛋白结合之后发生了明显的变化 ;GroEL的cis环上有与三磷酸腺苷ATP相结合的位点 ,ATP水解之后形成的ADP与活性中心的残基相结合 ,而这种结合除导致残基Thr30的构型发生了变化之外 ,其它残基的空间位置和构型基本保持不变 ,暗示其它残基在能量传递过程中形成了刚性骨架 ,而与ADP分子磷酸键结合的残基Thr30则是能量传递的力点。     

饥饿对小鼠脑组织中转氨酶、肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶和热休克蛋白70的影响

饥饿处理小鼠1～3天,分别检测脑组织中转氨酶、肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氧酶和HSPT0的变化.结果表明,谷丙转氨酶在饥饿1～3天有逐渐增高的趋势;谷草转氨酶在饥饿1～2天明显升高,但饥饿3天后迅速下降;在正常脑组织中,肌酸激酶的活性较强,饥饿1天后迅速下降,2～3天维持在较低水平;乳酸脱氢酶和HSP70受饥饿影响明显升高.