深山含笑的组织培养和快速繁殖

组织培养深山含笑的实验结果表明：利用休眠芽和种子萌发时实生苗的上胚轴及下胚轴为外植体均能诱导出愈伤组织和不定芽,其中无菌实生苗的上胚轴最易诱导出不定芽,无菌实生苗的下胚轴最易诱导出愈伤组织。外体植体在ＭＳ＋１．０－２．０ｍｇ Ｌ＾－１ ２,４－Ｄ培养基上只产生愈伤组织;在ＭＳ＋３．０ｍｇ Ｌ＾－１ ＢＡ＋０．２ｍｇ Ｌ＾－１ ＮＡＡ培养基上产生较多的不定芽和较多的愈伤组织;在ＭＳ＋２．０ｍｇ Ｌ＾     

影响高山红景天细胞悬浮培养中细胞生长和红景天苷积累的几个…

高山红景天细胞悬浮培养过程中３ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１６－ＢＡ,０．３ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１ＮＡＡ,６０ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１氮源、０．５￣１．２５ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ＫＨ２ＰＯ４和２０ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１蛋白胨,较适合于细胞生长和红景天苷的积累。在适宜的接种量下细胞培养２４ｄ后,生物量达１４．０４ｇ·Ｌ＾－１,干细胞中红景天苷含量为５．６６ｍｇ·ｇ＾－１。     

复方新诺明（SMZ—TMP）对大豆幼苗生长的影响

复方新诺明（ＳＭＺ－ＴＭＰ）溶液浸种后,大豆幼苗生长和根系活力均明显受到促进。ＳＭＺ－ＴＭＰ的适宜浓度为０．５－１．０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１     

三十烷醇磷酸酯钾对水稻幼苗生长的影响(简报)

用０．０１ｍｇ·Ｌ~（－１）三十烷醇磷酸酯钾或０．１ｍｇ·Ｌ~（－１）三十烷醇溶液培养的水稻幼苗,生长加速,苗高、苗鲜重、苗干重、苗粗壮度、根鲜重和根干重均增高。在幼苗生长后期,两者还可提高幼苗存活率。     

草莓离体叶片脱分化与再分化过程中的生理生化变化(简报)

在１．０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１ＴＤＺ与１．０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１．ＩＡＡ（培养基Ａ）作用下,草莓离体叶组织呼吸速率、蛋白质、核酸和糖类含量以及过氧化氢酸酥和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性迅速提高,随即很快下降水平,愈伤组织不分化,在２．５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１ＴＤＺ与０．１ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１ＩＡＡ（培养基Ｂ）作用下,上述指标行工提高,并维持在同一水平直至愈伤组织形成,其后大幅度提高,在愈伤组织分化芽前或分化时达到最大值。     

影响油菜子叶外植体不定芽高频率再生的因素

采用７个甘蓝型和２个白菜型油菜品种研究了影响子叶外植体芽再生的一些因素和不同基因型的子叶外植体的离子体培养反应和芽再生能力。结果表明,苗龄４ｄ的幼苗叶子含２,４－Ｄ０．５－１．２ｍｇ／Ｌ和６－ＢＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基培养２或６ｄ后再转到分化培养基上培养,芽再生率３４％－４６％。     

人参茎叶皂甙对创伤小鼠活化T细胞内磷脂酰肌醇代谢的影响

研究了人参茎叶皂甙（ＧＳＬ）对创伤小鼠活化Ｔ细胞内磷脂酰肌醇代谢的影响。结果显示,ＧＳＬ体内应用（５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１）·ｄ￣（－１）,伤后０─３ｄ）对创伤小鼠活化Ｔ细胞内三磷酸肌醇（ＩＰ＿３）、游离Ｃａ￣（２＋）、钙调素（ＣａＭ）、ＣａＭ依赖的蛋白激酶（ＣａＭ－Ｐｋ）、蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）水平的降低具有明显的逆转效应,并可明显降低创伤小鼠血清、巨噬细胞、Ｔｓ细胞对各指标的抑制活性。ＧＳＬ（１．０─１００ｍｇ／Ｌ）在体外也可明显提高创伤小鼠活化Ｔ细胞内ＩＰ＿３、Ｃａ￣（２＋）、ＣａＭ、ＣａＭ－ＰＫ及ＰＫＣ水平。上述结果表明,ＧＳＬ可逆转创伤小鼠活化Ｔ细胞内磷脂酰肌醇代谢的降低。     

赤霉素破除马铃薯脱毒原原种休眠的研究(简报)

赤霉素能有效地破除马铃薯脱毒原原种的休眠。用１０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１赤素和５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１赤霉素＋１％硫脲混合液喷湿处理收获后贮存１５ｄ的原原种效果最好。用已萌芽的脱毒原帮种播种长出的幼苗生长健壮。质量浓度３０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１的赤霉素节同伸长,长成纤细苗。     

哑特猕猴桃微繁工艺流程的研究

选用哑特猕猴桃腋芽为外植体。在不同发育阶段适宜培养基组成：芽增殖生长培养基为ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ（或者ＩＢＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ;ＮＡＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ）,其在苗基部呈辐射状萌发多个嫩枝与主茎伸长生长同步进行的繁殖特点,有利提高繁殖率。４０ｄ繁殖系数为５－７。诱导生根培养基为ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ,生根率达９７．１％,培养３０ｄ,平均苗高３．５ｃｍ,     

大叶紫花苜蓿愈伤组织原生质体再生植株

大叶紫花苜蓿下胚轴诱导的愈伤组织在继代培养基上生长快速,易于分散。继代第１２ｄ的愈伤组织原生质体的得率为６．５×１０７／ｇ鲜重。原生质体培养基为ＳＨ基本培养基,含有１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４－０、０．５ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ、２．０ｇ／ＬＣＨ、２％蔗糖、６％葡萄糖、５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＭＥＳ,培养密度为１．０×１０５／ｍＬ。培养至第１２ｄ时的原生质体再生细胞植板率为３．７％。由原生质体形成的小愈伤组织在含２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４－Ｄ的ＭＳ固体培养基上大量增殖。增殖的愈伤组织转移至２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２－ｉｐ＋０．１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ的Ｂ５培养基上,形成体细胞胚并发育成完整植株。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism