蛇油、蛇肉、蛇血、蛇胆、蛇毒、蛇蜕的应用

蛇 ,早在《本草纲目》就有记载 ,其性温平 ,入肝、脾二经 ,治诸风、顽癣、皮肤不红风疹 ,清内火 ,清热解毒等 ,其内走脏腑 ,外彻皮肤 ,自然界中的蛇无论有毒无毒皆具食用和药用价值。1　蛇油　　中医常用来治疗冻疮及烫伤 ,近年研究发现蛇油中以不饱和脂肪酸为主 ,其对皮肤粘膜有较强的亲和渗透性易被皮肤吸收 ,所以近年多用来制成美容护肤的化妆品 ,研究证明蛇油具有加速皮肤的新陈代谢 ,增强细胞活力 ,抗皮肤衰老 ,增加光泽等功效 ,1 999年笔者曾用蛇油加入适量血竭、儿茶成功治愈 1例十年臁疮患者 ,患者老年男性 ,因多处医治无效 ,就诊时…     

花柄、花梗、花轴、花序和花葶

在花一节的教学中,花柄、花梗、花轴、花序轴、花葶、花序梗是几个极易混淆的名词。这些名词在单生花和簇生花中,有时含意不相同。花柄又称花梗,是指单生花的柄或簇生花的每朵花着生的小枝(如图a、c、e)。花轴对单     

树、植树、植树节

树、植树、植树节刘德明（山西雁北浑源师范学校０３７４００）（一）植树造林的好处植树造林对环境保护、工农业生产及人体健康都有重要的意义。在我国北方沙漠地区和黄土高原,种植树木形成防风林,可以防御寒风、旱风或暴风的侵袭,预防土地沙漠化,维持大自然的生态平...     

四川粮食、蔬菜中锌、铜、铁、锰的含量

一、前言锌、铜、铁、锰是与人和动物的生命活动密切相关的微量元素。当这些元素过量时,人与动物会中毒;但这些元素缺乏时也会引起人和动物发生缺乏性的疾病。人与动物所需要的锌、铜、铁、锰主要来源于食物和饲料。粮食和蔬菜是人的食物和动物的饲料的重要组分。因此,测定粮食、蔬菜中的锌、铜、铁、锰的含量对研究人和动物的微量元素营养有着重要的意义。锌、铜、铁、锰也是植物生长发育必不可少的微量养分。近年来,随着科学研究的深入和发展,在缺乏这些微量元素的土壤上,这些     

食品中铅、镉、砷、汞、铬检测技术研究进展

食品中铅、镉、砷、汞、铬样品前处理的方法,主要包括干法灰化法、湿法消化法、高压消解法和微波消解法;分析检测技术中,应用最普遍的为原子光谱法、质谱法,快速检测技术包括生物化学传感器、免疫分析法和电化学分析法。快速检测技术将是今后的重要发展方向。     

贵州布依族、仡佬族、仫佬族、毛南族、壮族Y-SNP的初步研究

为分析贵州布依族、仡佬族、仫佬族、毛南族、壮族父系遗传结构, 探讨其起源及迁徒。通过聚合酶链式反应-限制性内切酶长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测贵州境内5个民族10个SNP位点构成的Y染色体单倍型, 并以省内苗族为对照分析其父系遗传结构。结果显示5个民族集中于Y-SNP中H8单倍型, 苗族样本集中于Y-SNP中的H8、H11与H12单倍型。说明贵州省布依族、仡佬族、仫佬族、毛南族、壮族5个民族之间有密切联系, 且与国内其他地域有较大的遗传差异, 是一个相对独立的群体。     

甲状腺、胰岛、垂体

甲状腺人体最大的内分泌腺,左右各一叶,腺体重约20—40克.主要分泌甲状腺素和三碘甲状腺氨酸. 甲状腺含碘约5—7毫克,占全身总碘量的90％.正常人每天从食物中摄取约150—500微克的碘,其中1/3为甲状腺所摄取,2/3由肾脏排出体外.有人估计,人体每天合成80微克左右甲状腺激素,每周需供应约1毫克的碘,每年需碘约35—50毫克. 甲状腺具有很强的选择性摄取、浓缩、转运碘的能力.正常甲状腺中与血浆中含碘浓度之比为25—50:1,即浓缩25—50倍.当腺体受刺激时,其浓缩能力可高达350倍. 甲状腺素能加速体内大多数细胞的氧化率、增加产热、使基础代谢率增高.据估计,1毫克甲状腺素可使产热增加1,000千卡,相当于250克葡萄糖或110克脂肪所产生的热量. 胰岛胰岛是胰脏的内分泌组织,正常成人的胰脏约有25万—175万个胰岛(有的书上估计约200万个胰岛)、约占胰腺总体积的1—2％.人胰腺的每克组织约含有1—2单位的胰岛素.正常人每天可分泌25—50单位胰岛素人血.成人空腹血浆胰岛素的浓度为10—20微单位/毫升(一个微单位是百万分之一单位). 胰岛素是调节糖、蛋白质和脂肪代谢,维持血糖于正常水平的主要激素.它可促进葡萄糖透过细胞膜进入细胞,正常人血糖浓度在80—     

南京地区人群MN、Hp、Tf、Bf、GLOI、EsD、EAP表型分布及基因频率调查

南京地区人群ＭＮ、Ｈｐ、Ｔｆ、Ｂｆ、ＧＬＯＩ、ＥｓＤ、ＥＡＰ表型分布及基因频率调查达建章淑华（南京医科大学法医学教研室,南京２１００２９）（江苏省中医院,南京２１００００）ＩｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｓｏｎｔｈｅＰｈｅｎｏｔｙｐｅＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏ...     

大田玉米、高粱、芝麻、豇豆叶片水势、蒸腾速率、气孔阻力对环境因素的反应

本文研究了田间生长的玉米、高梁、芝麻、豇豆在不同土壤供水条件下,叶水势、气孔阻力、蒸腾速率日变化及其与环境因素的关系。结果表明,四种作物气孔开闭与光强密切相关:夜间气孔关闭,rs高;白天气孔开放,rs低。ψ_(WL)、TR与环境因素(气温、RH、ψ_(WV)、光强等)密切相关,它们之间的相关系数(在0.05和0.01水平)显著。四种作物ψ_(WL)日节奏为“正弦曲线”状,13:00—15:00小时ψ_(WL)最低,黎明前最高。中午ψ_(WV)和土壤含水量愈低。ψ_(ML)愈低。四种作物TR在早晨逐斩增高,13:00—15:00小时最强;傍晚前又降低;夜间TR最低。干旱植株ψ_(WL)、TR低于灌水植株,而rs高于灌水植株。     

栖热菌目、科、属、种

阐述了栖热菌的发现和分类鉴定研究进程。现已发表有效种14个,涉及4个属50多个菌株,未获有效公布种及未定种的菌株50多个。形态、生理、G C含量、DNA杂交、脂肪酸组成、16SrRNA同源性和二级结构分析是栖热菌分类鉴定的主要方法。     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Uniform hypothesis of cell behavior--movement, contact inhibition of movement, adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, division, contact inhibition of division, fusion.

The cell has been represented as a charged liquid drop. Contrary to the DLVO-theory, the effect of the surface potential upon the value of the interfacial tension of the cell membrane has also been taken into consideration. The cell membrane has visco-elastic properties and its constituents may move against each other. Cell movement is caused by the appearance of a small number of the electrically charged constituents of the cell membrane on the leading edge of the cell. This produces a local decrease in the surface tension and the cell membrane expansion. At the moment of contact between two cells proton transfers occur between the strongly negatively charged microvilli of one cell and the body of the other, analogous to a condenser breakdown. This, through the effect on the surface tension, causes contact inhibition of movement. The distribution of the proton dissociable groups modifies the interaction between the cells (differentiation) and between the cell and the substratum (adhesion). Adsorption of the charged compounds at the surface of the cell membrane, decreasing the surface potential and increasing the surface tension, causes the phenomena of chemotaxis, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Cell division, considered in the terms of the surface energy, requires an adequate supply of considerable quantities of energy inversely proportional to the surface potential value. In case of a reduction of the distance between the cells, their surface potential and the energetic barrier of the cell division processes increases, and causes contact inhibition of cell division. Due to their high charge, division of neoplastic cells is inhibited much later than division of normal cells, or is completely ininhibited due to geometric conditions. Fusion of the cell membrane in the intra-cellular and intercellular processes is a reverse process in relation to the cell division.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.