Essay review: History of agriculture and the study of heredity — a new horizon

Nicholas Russell, Like Engend'ring Like: Heredity and Animal Breeding in Early Modern England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986); Deborah Fitzgerald, The Business of Breeding: Hybrid Corn in Illinois, 1890–1940 (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1989); Jack R. Kloppenburg, First the Seed: The Political Economy of Plant Biotechnology, 1492–2000 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988).     

Communitas and schismo‐genesis: The Andean Pilgrimage reconsidered

Cosmologies in the Making: a Generative Approach to Cultural Variation in Inner New Guinea. Fredrik Barth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987, xii, 95 pp., map, fig. h/b, £ 17.50, $27.95.

The Evolution of Highland Papua New Guinea Societies. D. K. FEIL. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. 313 pp. £30.00.

Language Socialization Across Cultures edited by Bambi B. Schieffelin and Elinor Ochs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 274 pp.

Stories of Maasaw, a Hopi God. Ekkehart Malotki, Michael Lomatuway'ma. American Tribal Religions Volume 10. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1987. ix + 347 pp.

Maasaw: Profile of a Hopi God. Ekkehart Ma‐lotki, Michael Lomatuwavma. American Tribal Religions Volume 11. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1987. ix + 293 pp.

Pilgrims in the Andes: Regional Culls in Cusco. Michael J. Sallnow. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987. xiii + 351 pp. $29.95.

The Women's Question and the Modes of Human Reproduction: an Analysis of a Tanzanian Village. Ulla Vuorela. 234 pp. Monograph of the Finnish Society for Development Studies no. I. Helsinki, 1987.

The Dynamics of Productive Relationships: African Share Contracts in Comparative Perspective. A. F. Robertson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. xix + 321 pp. £25.00.

Rumblings on Soil Conservation. An Essay from Kenya. Wilhelm Östberg. Stockholm: Swedish International Development Authority, 1987. 83 pp. SEK 20.‐.

Religion, Development and African Identity, edited by K. H. PETERSEN. Seminar Proceedings No. 17. Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1987. 163 pp. £10.

Aspects of Polish Folk Culture: An Anthology of Contemporary Research from the Department of Slavic Ethnography, Cracow, edited by Robert Gary Minnich. Bergen: Studia University Bookstore, 1987.

Hvad Mutter Gjør er Alltid Viktig. Om å vtere kvinne og mann i en nordnonk bygd i 1970‐årene. Lisbet Holtedahl. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1.986. 224 pp.

Whalsay: Symbol, Segment and Boundary in a Shetland Island Community. Anthony P. Cohen. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987. ix + 216 pp., maps, figures, photographs, illustrations, appendixes, references, index, £22.95.

The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth‐Century Ethnography, Literature and Art. James Clifford. Cambridge (Mass.) &; London: Harvard University Press. 1988. xii +, 381 pp.

Works and Lives: The Anthropologist as Author. Clifford Geertz. Cambridge: Polity Press. 1988. vi +, 157 pp.

Culture Builders: A Historical Anthropology of Middle‐Class Life. Jonas Frykman and Orvar Löfgren, (transl. Alan Crozier, Foreword John Gillis). New Brunswick and London: Rutgers University Press, 1987. ix + 321 pp.     

Contents – Volume 53 (2001)

Volume Contents

Contents – Volume 53 (2001)     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Anita Herle and Sandra Rouse (eds). Cambridge and the Torres Strait: Centenary Essays on the 1898 Anthropological Expedition. William Hinton. Fanshen: A Documentary of Revolution in a Chinese Village. Diane Johnson. Night Skies of Aboriginal Australia: A Noctuary. Thomas M. McKenna. Muslim Rulers and Rebels: Everyday Politics and Armed Separatism in the Southern Philippines. A.M. Shah, B.S. Baviskar and E.A. Ramaswamy (eds). Social Structure and Change. Volume 5. Religion and Kinship.     

F plasmid incompatibility and copy number genes: Their map locations and interactions

The genes coding for vegetative F plasmid replication, replication control, and incompatibility are known to map between the kilobase coordinates 40.3 and 49.3 (abbreviated 40.3–49.3F). We have subdivided this region of the F genome by a combination of in vivo and in vitro genetic techniques and have constructed F:pSC101 hybrid plasmids which contain the F DNA sequences having the approximate coordinates 41–43, 43–46, and 46–49F. We find that hybrids with regions 43–46 and 46–49F are incompatible with an F′lac⁺ plasmid while the hybrid with the region 41–43F is compatible. We have also constructed similar F:pSC101 hybrid plasmids with the regions 43–46 and 46–49F derived from mini-F plasmid copy number mutants. We find that hybrids made from three independent F copy number mutants show a loss of the incompatibility function associated with the 43–46F region and retention of the incompatibility function associated with 46–49F region. Moreover, spontaneous revertants, selected for regain of the 43–46F incompatibility function, have also regained normal control over their copy numbers. We also find that copy number mutations map in the 43–46F region. From our results we conclude (i) that F contains at least two inc⁺ loci, designated incA⁺ (46–49F) and incB⁺ (43–46F), and (ii) that gene(s) regulating F copy number may be related to the incB⁺ gene(s).     

Author index Volume 54 2001

Authors Index

Author index – Volume 53 (2001)     

Complex societies and anthropology: A perspective from 1979*

The Transition to Statehood in the New World, edited by G. D. Jones and R. R. Kautz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. ix + 254 pp.

The Inca and Aztec States 1400–1800: Anthropology and History, edited by G. A. Collier, R. I. Rosaldo and J. D. Wirth. New York: Academic Press, 1982. xx + 475 pp.

Native Lords of Quito in the Age of the Incas: The Political Economy of North Andean Chiefdoms. Frank Salomon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. xviii + 274 pp.

The Origins and Development of the Andean State, edited by J. Haas, S. Pozorski and T. Pozorski. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. vi+ 188 pp.

Peruvian Prehistory; An Overview of pre‐lnca and Inca Society, edited by R. W. Keatinge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. xvii + 364 pp.     

Trends in proteomics

The Cambridge Healthtech Institute's Fifth Annual Proteomics – From Proteins to Drugs of Beyond Genome 2001 series was held in San Francisco, California, USA, 21–22 June 2001.     

International straits of the world

International Straits of the World. Gerard J. Mangone, General Editor.

Volume One: William E. Butler, Northeast Arctic Passage (Al‐ phen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Sijthoff & Nordhoff, 1978) 199 + xii pp. $35.00.

Volume Two: Michael Leifer, Malacca, Singapore, and Indonesia (Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Sijthoff & Nordhoff, 1978) 217 + xi pp. $35.00.

Volume Three: R. K. Ramazani, The Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz (Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Sijthoff & Nordhoff, 1979) 180 + xi pp. $35.00.

Volume Four: Scott C. Truver, The Strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean (Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Sijthoff & Nordhoff, 1980) 272 + xiii pp. $40.00.

Volume Five: Ruth Lapidoth‐Eschelbacher, The Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden (The Hague/Boston/London: Martinus Nijhoff, 1982) 265 + xiv pp. $65.00.

Volume Six: Gunnar Alexandersson, The Baltic Straits (The Hague/Boston/London: Martinus Nijhoff, 1982) 132 + xi pp. $32.50.     

Darstellung einer Kindertrage aus dem Nepeña‐Tal (Peru)

People as Subject. People as Object: Selfhood and Peoplehood in Contemporary Israel. Virginia Dominguez. New Directions in Anthropological Writing. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989. 238 pp.

Literacy and Society, edited by Karen Schous‐boe and Mogens Trolle Larsen. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, 1989. 247 pp., ill.

Music of Afghanistan. Professional Musicians in the City of Herat. John Baily. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. xiv + 183 pp. Accompanying cassette.

The Hidden Musicians. Music‐making in an English Town. Ruth Finnegan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. xvii + 378 pp.

Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society 1700–1900. Susan Bayly. South Asian Studies No 43. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. 463 pp.

Mru. Bergbewohner im Grenzgebiet von Bangladesh. Claus‐Dieter von Brauns und Lorenz G. Löffler. Basel, Boston &; Stuttgart: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1986. 248 Seiten mit Farbtafeln, Schwarz‐Weiß‐Fotos, mehreren Karten, Bibliographie und Glossaren.

Mm. Hill People on the Border of Bangladesh (translated from German by Doris Wagner‐Glenn), 1990. 248 pp. ISBN 0–8176. 1816–3 (U. S.)

Unwrapping Japan—Society and Culture in Anthropological Perspective, edited by Eyal Ben‐Ari, Brian Moeran and Jamks Valentine. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990. 237 pp.

Developments in Polynesian Ethnology, edited by Alan Howard and Robert Borofsky. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1989.

Tungaru Traditions. Arthur Francis Grimble, edited by H.E. Maude, Pacific Islands Monograph Series, 7. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1989.

Scottish Crofters: A historical Ethnography of a Celtic Village. Susan Parman. Fort Worth: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1990. 169 pp., index.

Africa's Ogun: Old World and New, edited by Sandra T. Barnes. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989. x + 274 pp.

Spirits from the Margin. Umbanda in Sao Paulo: A Study in Popular Religion and Social Experience. Fernando Giobellina Brumana and Elda Gonzales Martinez. Uppsala: Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology 12, 1989. 308 pp.

Die Achuara‐Jivaro: Wirtschaftliche und soziale Organisationsformen am peruanischen Amazonas. Richard Gippelhauser and Elke Mader. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Veröffentlichungen der Ethnologischen Kommission, Bd. 5, Sitzungsberichte 550. Bd., 1990. 123 pp.

Sayings of the Ancestors: The Spiritual Life of the Sibundoy Indians. John Holmes McDowell. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1989. 206 pp.

The Orders of the Dreamed: George Nelson on Cree and Northern Ojibwa Religion and Myth, 1823. Jennifer S.H. Brown and Robert Brightman. Manitoba Studies in Native History, III. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 1988. 266 pages. Index, 3 photos (1 color plate), 5 reproduced pictographs and figures, 2 maps.

Blood Ties, Life and Violence in Rural Mexico. James Greenberg. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1989.

Conversations in Colombia: The Domestic Economy in Life and Text. Stephen Gudeman and Alberto Rivera. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 207 pp.

Observing the Economy. C.A. Gregory and J.C. Altman. ASA Research Methods. London and New York: Routledge, 1989. 253 pp.

Lost Words and Lost Worlds: Modernity and the Language of Everyday Life in Late Nineteenth‐Century Stockholm. Allan Pred. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. xvi + 298 pp.

Central Borneo: Ethnic Identity and Social Life in a Stratified Society. Jerome Rousseau. Oxford: Clarendon, 1990. 388 pp.

Stealing People's Names: History and Politics in a Sepik River Cosmology. Simon Harrison. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. xiii, 217 pp., plates, maps, figures.     

V. Braun, G. Neuner: Response of effective quantum yield of photosystem 2 to in situ temperature in three alpine plants. — Photosynthetica 42: 607–613, 2004

Erratum

V. Braun, G. Neuner: Response of effective quantum yield of photosystem 2 to in situ temperature in three alpine plants. — Photosynthetica 42: 607–613, 2004     

Whither Zoos? An Inescapable Question

ABSTRACT

As a founding coeditor of the Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science and a member of the International Advisory Committee of the Center for Zoo Animal Welfare and Ethics (CZAWE), I welcome this opportunity to publish for the third time (see earlier issues Volume 16, Number 4 [2013] and Volume 18, Supplement [2015]) selected proceedings from the Fourth Global Animal Welfare Congress of the Detroit Zoological Society’s CZAWE. I have the honor of presenting a brief overview of the congress, entitled “Zoos and Aquariums as Welfare Centers: Ethical Dimensions and Global Commitment,” which was held May 3, 2017, through May 6, 2017.     

Separation of supercoiled and open-circular plasmid DNA by liquid-liquid counter-current chromatography

We report for the first time the use of liquid-liquid counter-current chromatography (CCC) for the preparative scale fractionation of plasmid DNA. Almost complete fractionation of supercoiled and open circular plasmid DNA (6.9 kb) could be achieved using a phase system comprising 12.5% (w/w) PEG 600 and 18% (w/w) K₂HPO₄. Experiments were carried out on a Brunel J-type CCC machine (100 ml PTFE coil) at a mobile phase flow rate of 0.5 ml min^{– 1} and a rotational speed of 600 rpm. Compared to conventional HPLC techniques the capacity of CCC is not limited by the surface area of resin available for adsorption. Symbols: C _b, Concentration of plasmid in lower phase (g ml^–1); C _t, Concentration of plasmid in upper phase (g ml^–1); CV, Total volume of mobile phase present in the coil and connecting leads (ml); K, Equilibrium solute partition coefficient (K=C _t/C _b); OC, Open circular plasmid; SC, Supercoiled plasmid; S _f, Percentage stationary phase retention (S _f=V _s/V _c); t _s, Time for phase separation (s); V _b, Volume of bottom phase (ml); V _c, Coil volume (ml); V _m, Volume of mobile phase present in coil at equilibrium (ml); V _r, Volume ratio of two phases (V _r=V _t/V _b); V _s, Volume stationary phase present in coil at equilibrium (ml); V _t, Volume of top phase (ml); V _tot, Total volume of phase system (ml).     

The use of specialised transducing phages in the amplification of enzyme production

Two types of trp phages have been used as model systems to investigate ways of optimising the expression of bacterial genes from transducing phage genomes.Excellent yields of trp enzymes were achieved by infecting a trpR^– host with Q ^– or Q ^– Q ^– S ^– derivatives of trpAM1, which expresses its trp genese exclusively from the trp promoter. The five trp geneproducts constituted more than 50% of the total soluble protein of infected cells under these conditions, and an even higher proportion of the protein synthesized after infection. In a trpR ⁺ host, phage DNA replication was easily able to override tryptophan-mediated repression by titration of the trp repressor protein. N ^– derivatives of trp phages carrying the trp promoter were equally productive, while having the advantage of being much simpler to construct and propagate.     

The potential use of tree-rings to reconstruct streamflow and estuarine salinity in the Valdivian Rainforest eco-region, Chile

Water availability is one of the main limitations for future development and economic activity in many regions of the world. This applies even to areas of relatively high annual rainfall, such as the Valdivian Rainforest eco-region in Chile (35–48°S). Streamflow and water availability are crucial for several economic activities in the eco-region including hydroelectricity, irrigation, salmon farming, sports fishing of introduced trout and tourism. Scientific research focused on the spatial and temporal patterns of streamflow is a key element for planning the future development within the eco-region. In this paper we explore the potential of tree-rings for streamflow reconstruction in this region. Our preliminary results indicate a significant correlation (r=0.59 P<0.001, 1929–2000) between prior summer Río Bueno streamflow (January–April) and the average between a composite tree-ring chronology using Pilgerodendron uviferum from Chile and two composite Austrocedrus chilensis chronologies from Argentinean Patagonia. Similarly, there is a significant correlation (r=0.57, P<0.001, 1943–2002), between the Austrocedrus chronology (40°44′S) at Centinela in Argentinean Patagonia and the previous spring through early autumn (November–April) streamflow for Río Puelo. The tree-ring records used to correlate with Río Bueno and Río Puelo discharges show low-frequency variability and therefore the potential to reconstruct this variability in streamflow for the last 500–780 years. We also found a significant correlation between the composite Pilgerodendron standard ring-width chronology and the current summer water salinity (January–April) at the Reloncavi Estuary (r²=0.60, P<0.01, 1992–2000). Water salinity is a crucial determinant of the carrying capacity of salmon farming. Future research should provide reconstructions of streamflow, water salinity and other water quality attributes from tree-rings. These data will provide inputs to modeling scenarios of future water availability and are crucial to decision-making and planning of resource management and socio-economic development in the Valdivian Rainforest eco-region.     

Frank Macfarlane Burnet and the immune self

This essay is excerpted from Alfred I. Tauber,The Immune Self: Theory or Metaphor? (New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994).     

Deposition and reorientation of cellulose microfibrils in elongating cells of Petunia stylar tissue

According to Roelofsen and Houwink's (1953, Acta Bot. Neerl. 2, 218–225) multinet growth hypothesis, microfibrils originally deposited transversely in the cell wall become gradually reoriented towards more axial orientations during cell elongation. To establish the extent of reorientation, microfibrils were studied during their deposition and elongation, using stylar parenchyma and transmitting tissue cells of Petunia hybrida L. At the inner surface of very young cells, microfibrils were deposited in alternating Z- and S-helical orientations. The following sequence in deposition, from the exterior to the interior side of the wall, could be inferred: Axial: 150°–180° (Z-helical), 0°–30° (S-helical); oblique: 110°–150° (Z-helical), 30°–70° (S-helical); transverse: 90°–110° (Z-helical), 70°–90° (S-helical). With the increasing pitch, the density of the deposited microfibrils increased as well, giving rise to an alternating helical texture. During elongation, only transversely S- and Z-helically oriented microfibrils were deposited and all microfibrils underwent a certain reorientation as described in the multinet growth hypothesis. The texture resembled that of young cells and the wall maintained its thickness. The extent of passive reorientation was in agreement with the theoretical calculations made by Preston.Dedicated to Professor Dr. A.B. Wardrop, Melbourne, on the occasion of his 70th birthday     

Ancestor guardian figures and ancestral baskets among the bakuta

Religion and Custom in a Muslim Society: The Berti of Sudan. Ladislav Holy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. x + 243 pp.

The Bedovin of Cyrenaica: Studies in Personal and Corporate Power. Emrys L. Peters (edited by Jack Goody and Emmanuel Marx). Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 310 pp.

Kinship, Honour and Solidarity: Cousin Marriage in the Middle East. Ladislav Holy. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1989. 143 pp.

Marriage among Muslims: Preference and Choice in Northern Pakistan. Hastings Donnan. Delhi and Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1988. 231 pp.

Gender in Crisis: Women and the Palestinian Resistance Movement Julie M. Peteet. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991. 245 pp.

Tahitians: Mind and Experience in the Society Islands. Robert I Levy. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1991 /1975/. 547 pp.

Tikopia Songs: Poetic and Musical Art of a Polynesian People of the Solomon Islands. Raymond Firth (with Mervyn McLean). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. xvii + 307 pp.

Migration from Kalimantan to Madagascar. Otto Chr. Dahl. Oslo: Norwegian University Press/ The Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture, 1991. 143 pp.

Land Filled With Flies: A Political Economy of the Kalahari. Edwin N. Wilmsen. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1989. xviii + 402 pp.

The Creative Communion. African Folk Models of Fertility and the Regeneration of Life, edited by Anita Jacobson‐Widdinc and Walter van Beek. Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology, 15. Uppsala, 1990. 351 pp.

When the Grass is Gone: Development Interventions in African Arid Lands, edited by P. T. W. Baxter. Seminar Proceedings No. 25. Uppsala: The Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1991. 214 pp.

Women at a Loss: Changes in Maasai Pastoralism and their Effects on Gender Relations. AUD Talle. Stockholm Studies in Social Anthropology, 19. Stockholm: Department of Social Anthropology, Stockholm University, 1988.

The Poison in the Gift Ritual, Prestation and the Dominant Caste in a North Indian Village. Gloria Goodwin Raheja. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988. 286 pp.

The Assembly of Listeners. Jains in Society, edited by Michael Carrithers and Caroline Humphrey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. xiii + 328 pp.

Tibetan Buddhist Nuns. History, Cultural Norms and Social Reality. Hanna Havnevik. Oslo: Norwegian University Press. 1991. 251 pp.

The Taste of Blood: Spirit Possession in Brazilian Candomblé. Jim Wafer. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991. 219 pp.

Völkerkunde im Nationalsozialismus: A spekte der An‐passung, Affinität und Behauptung einer wissenschaft‐lichen Disziplin. Hans Fischer. Hamburger Bei‐träge zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Bd. 7. Berlin &; Hamburg: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1990. 312 pp. List of ethnologists in Germany from 1933 (Austria from 1938) to 1945.

Buskar och fåglar: en socialantropologisk studie av gorale, brrgsfolket i södra Polen. Melcher Ekstro‐mer. Lund Monographs in Social Anthropology 1. Lund: Lund University Press, 1991.

Die Völker Nordsibiriens unter sowjetischer Herrschaft. Adelheid Weiser. Kulturanthropologische Studien Bd. 16. Hohenschäfdarn bei München: Klaus Renner Verlag, 1989. 325 pp.

Anthropology and the Riddle of the Sphinx: Paradoxes of Change in the Life Course, edited by Paul Spencer. ASA Monographs 28. London: Routledge, 1990. xii + 222 pp.