BD2增强巨细胞病毒DNA疫苗的免疫效果研究

表达巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus,CMV)即刻早期蛋白(IE-1)的DNA疫苗能抵抗巨细胞病毒的感染。β防御素2型(BD2)能激活未成熟的树突状细胞,调节机体免疫反应。以小鼠为动物模型,探讨小鼠BD2(m BD2)增强鼠巨细胞病毒(murine cytomegalovirus,MCMV)IE-1 DNA疫苗的佐剂效果。将表达IE-1的质粒(p IE-1)与表达m BD2的质粒(p BD2)混合免疫小鼠,2周后用致死量的同源MCMV攻击小鼠。通过检测发现,混合免疫p IE-1和p BD2的小鼠与单独免疫IE-1相比,血清中IE-1特异性抗体含量升高,脾脏CD8+T细胞所分泌的IFN-γ水平上升,小鼠体重丢失明显下降,病毒攻击后小鼠存活率也有所提高。这些结果表明,BD2可以作为一种分子佐剂增强IE-1 DNA疫苗的免疫效果。     

IL-12对巨细胞病毒DNA疫苗免疫增强作用的研究

白介素12(interleukin 12,IL-12)主要和细胞免疫应答有关,是免疫过程中重要的调节因子。本研究探讨IL-12对编码巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus,CMV)即刻早期基因IE1的DNA疫苗的免疫增强作用。将CMVIE1质粒DNA单独或与编码IL-12的质粒DNA共同免疫小鼠,然后用致死量病毒攻击小鼠。通过检测小鼠体内诱导的细胞免疫应答、小鼠的存活率、体重丢失率、器官中的病毒滴度等来评价IL-12对疫苗免疫的佐剂效果。结果显示,与单独疫苗免疫组相比,IE1 DNA联合IL-12 DNA免疫组能够在小鼠体内诱导更高的细胞免疫应答水平,同时能够降低器官中的病毒滴度,显著提高保护率,从而更好地抵抗病毒攻击。实验证明,IL-12能够作为巨细胞病毒IE1 DNA疫苗的佐剂,提高免疫保护效果。     

糖尿病小鼠对H5N1病毒的易感性及灭活疫苗诱导的免疫反应

糖尿病患者免疫功能低下,是流感病毒感染的高危人群.研制有效的流感病毒疫苗对糖尿病患者尤为重要.以注射STZ的方法建立糖尿病小鼠模型,比较糖尿病小鼠和健康小鼠对H5N1病毒易感性的差异.病毒感染3 d后糖尿病小鼠的肺部病毒滴度比健康小鼠高,显示糖尿病小鼠对H5N1病毒更易感.用一次免疫的方法接种不同剂量的H5N1灭活疫苗(单独免疫或与佐剂共同免疫),比较其在糖尿病小鼠和健康小鼠诱导抗体应答的能力.一次免疫H5N1流感病毒灭活疫苗可诱导糖尿病小鼠产生体液免疫应答,但其抗体量低于健康小鼠,增加疫苗剂量可提高抗体水平.佐剂能增强H5N1全病毒灭活疫苗在糖尿病小鼠体内诱导的抗体反应.     

H7N9灭活疫苗联合MF59佐剂在小鼠体内诱导的长效体液免疫应答

以BALB/c小鼠为模型,探讨H7N9流感病毒灭活疫苗免疫小鼠后所诱导的长效体液免疫应答的动态变化。不同剂量的流感H7N9全病毒灭活疫苗单独或辅以MF59佐剂肌肉注射免疫小鼠一次。连续采集免疫后小鼠15个月的血清,用ELISA方法检测特异性IgG抗体水平,血凝抑制(hemagglutination inhibition,HI)试验和微量中和(microneutralization,MN)试验检测第15个月时的HI抗体和中和抗体效价。实验结果发现,小鼠血清中的特异性IgG抗体水平随时间变化持续缓慢上升,第5个月时达到顶峰,随后略有下降但一直持续平稳状态;IgG抗体滴度与疫苗剂量成正相关,且添加佐剂能提高抗体滴度。HI及MN抗体检测表明,免疫后第15个月产生的抗体能有效中和病毒,且抗体跟疫苗剂量成正比。以上研究表明,H7N9流感病毒灭活疫苗免疫小鼠一次诱导产生的特异性抗体能在较长期内保持比较平稳的抗体滴度,为小鼠提供免疫保护;增加抗原剂量和添加MF59佐剂能增加疫苗特异性抗体水平。该研究为H7N9流感疫苗产生的长期保护效应提供了一定的数据积累和参考。     

携带EBV-LMP2基因的DNA疫苗、腺相关病毒疫苗和腺病毒疫苗免疫小鼠的特异性细胞免疫应答

细胞免疫应答, 尤其是CD3⁺CD8⁺细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte, CTL), 在控制病毒感染中扮演着重要角色. 鼻咽癌(nasopharyngenl carcinoma, NPC)与EB病毒(epstein-barr virus, EBV)持续感染密切相关, 在鼻咽癌疫苗的研究中, 人们将研究重点放在增强特异性抗病毒CTL应答上. 本研究单独或联合使用表达EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白抗原2(epstein-barr virus latent membrane protein 2, EBV-LMP2)的DNA疫苗、腺相关病毒(adeno-associated virus, AAV)疫苗、非复制5型腺病毒疫苗(Ad5), 分别于0, 2, 4周肌肉注射免疫4~6周龄的雌性Balb/C小鼠, IFN-γ 免疫斑点法检测EBV-LMP2特异性细胞免疫应答水平. 疫苗诱导的特异性细胞应答水平与疫苗的免疫策略有关. 其中, 使用3种载体疫苗联合免疫的效果最好, 其次则是先使用DNA疫苗免疫两次, 再用腺病毒疫苗加强免疫一次的联合免疫方法. DNA疫苗和AAV疫苗单独免疫能够诱导出特异性的CTL, 但与联合免疫相比诱导的应答水平很低. 结果表明, 使用DNA, AAV和腺病毒载体疫苗联合免疫, 能够更好地诱导机体产生特异性细胞免疫应答, 为鼻咽癌的防治提供了很好的疫苗策略.     

H7N9禽流感病毒裂解佐剂(MF59)疫苗的长期免疫原性研究

目的 评价H7N9禽流感病毒裂解佐剂(MF59)疫苗的长期免疫原性。方法 制备含MF59佐剂的H7N9禽流感病毒裂解疫苗成品,放置于(6±2)℃环境下,取保存6、24和30个月后的疫苗,对小鼠进行免疫,以血凝抑制效价和微量中和抗体滴度来评估该疫苗的免疫原性。同时,用存放30个月的疫苗进行2次免疫后,对小鼠进行攻毒,观察MF59佐剂疫苗的免疫保护效应。结果 H7N9禽流感病毒裂解佐剂(MF59)疫苗在(6±2)℃保存30个月后免疫小鼠,检测其血凝抑制抗体效价和微量中和抗体滴度均没有明显的变化,且免疫小鼠能够有效抵御H7N9病毒的感染及其致病效应。结论 H7N9禽流感病毒裂解佐剂(MF59)疫苗具有良好的免疫原性,在(6±2)℃至少可保存30个月。     

由灭活疫苗、弱毒活疫苗及DNA疫苗诱导的抗日本脑炎病毒免疫应答的特征

<正>预防接种是保护个体对抗日本脑炎病毒感染的最有效的手段。目前在中国使用了2种日本脑炎病毒疫苗;即Vero细胞衍生性灭活疫苗和弱毒活疫苗。在这项研究中,作者在小鼠模型中鉴定了由灭活疫苗、弱毒活疫苗以及DNA疫苗侯选物〔(pCAGJME),它表达了JEV-prM-E蛋白〕诱导的免疫应答的     

包裹R848的PS仿生脂质体增强H7N9流感病毒灭活疫苗的黏膜免疫效应

流感病毒是呼吸道传染病毒,增强疫苗接种诱导的黏膜免疫反应对于预防流感尤为重要。目前,流感病毒疫苗主要为病毒灭活疫苗,且通过肌肉注射接种,很难诱导产生黏膜免疫。为增强流感病毒灭活疫苗的黏膜免疫效果,本文利用薄膜分散法将与肺表面活性物质（PS）相似的磷脂以及胆固醇制备成包裹瑞喹莫德（R848）的PS脂质体（PS-R848）做黏膜佐剂,将该脂质体与H7N9流感病毒灭活疫苗混合后经鼻腔免疫BALB/c雌性小鼠,检测免疫指标及攻毒后的保护效果。与灭活疫苗添加R848组相比,血清中的免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)以及分型抗体Ig G1与Ig G2a效价、血凝抑制（HI）效价和支气管肺泡灌洗液分泌型Ig A(s Ig A)效价显著提高;诱导的细胞因子干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)与IL-4的分泌量也显著增加。用同亚型流感病毒攻毒小鼠后的肺部病毒滴度较单独疫苗组降低,存活率达到100%,最大体重丢失率较单独疫苗组低且有显著差异。以上结果表明,R848仿生PS-R848作为黏膜佐剂可以有效提高H7N9流感病毒灭活疫苗的免疫效果,为开发流感病毒的黏膜疫苗做了数据积累。     

免疫共刺激分子OX40L对乙型肝炎核酸疫苗的免疫佐剂作用

[目的]为了进一步增强HBV DNA疫苗的免疫反应,本研究将共刺激分子OX40L 作为HBV DNA疫苗的分子佐剂免疫小鼠,旨在探讨共刺激分子OX40L对HBV DNA疫苗诱导体液和细胞免疫应答的影响.[方法]我们将HBV DNA疫苗(pcDS2)单独或联合共刺激分子质粒pOX40L免疫C57BL/6小鼠;分别在第0,2,4周进行免疫,在第6周检测抗-HBs IgG、IgG1和IgG2a,T淋巴细胞增殖指数,细胞因子表达水平和体内细胞毒性T淋巴细胞杀伤作用(CTL)等免疫学指标.[结果]pceDS2联合pOX40L免疫组小鼠的抗-HBs水平显著提高,抗-HBs IgG亚类以IgG2a占优;免疫小鼠的T淋巴细胞体外经乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)刺激后,联合免疫组刺激指数(SI)明显高于pcDS2组;联合免疫组CD4 + T淋巴细胞的IL-4和IFN-γ表达水平及CD8 + T淋巴细胞的IFN-γ表达水平显著升高;DNA疫苗免疫的各组小鼠,HBsAg特异性体内CTL高于对照组,其中联合免疫组小鼠的体内CTL杀伤作用最强.[结论]共刺激分子OX40L不仅能增强HBV DNA疫苗诱导特异性体液免疫应答,还能增强特异性细胞免疫反应,尤其增强体内CTL的杀伤活性,为HBV DNA疫苗的研究奠定了基础.     

人白细胞介素12表达质粒与Mtb8.4基因疫苗 联合免疫增强对小鼠结核杆菌感染的免疫保护效果

本课题旨在研究结核分枝杆菌Mtb8.4基因疫苗与人白细胞介素12（hIL-12）联合免疫小鼠所诱导的细胞免疫应答及对小鼠结核杆菌感染的免疫保护效果。40只C57BL/6N小鼠随机分为Mtb8.4基因疫苗＋hIL-12质粒组（联合免疫组）、Mtb8.4基因疫苗组、卡介苗（BCG）组、空载体组和PBS组,基因疫苗、空载体和PBS,经肌内注射法免疫各组小鼠,每隔3周免疫1次,共免疫3次,BCG组经尾部皮下注射1×106 CFU BCG免疫1次。免疫4周后,每组处死3只小鼠,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测脾细胞培养上清中细胞因子水平;乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放法检测细胞毒性T细胞（CTL）杀伤活性。每组其余5只小鼠用结核杆菌H37Rv强毒株经尾静脉攻击,4周后,计数肺和脾组织中的结核杆菌菌落数,对小鼠部分肺和脾组织作病理切片,HE染色观察组织病变程度,Z-N染色查抗酸杆菌,观察该疫苗对小鼠结核杆菌感染的免疫保护效果。结果显示,联合免疫组能诱导较强的抗原特异性Th1型细胞免疫应答,免疫小鼠脾细胞培养上清液IFN-γ和IL-2水平（分别为1493.34±8.128pg/mL、747.489±48.676pg/mL）,显著高于Mtb8.4基因疫苗组,与BCG组相当,IL-4分泌减少,特异性CTL杀伤活性增强,对小鼠结核杆菌感染有较好的免疫保护效果,使小鼠肺和脾组织中的结核杆菌菌落数显著减少,组织病变明显减轻,其效果与卡介苗（BCG）组相当,优于Mtb8.4基因疫苗组。表明hIL-12表达质粒与Mtb8.4基因疫苗联合免疫后,能够增强Mtb8.4基因疫苗所诱导的细胞免疫应答,使Mtb8.4基因疫苗的免疫效力得到很大提高。     

Single immunization with MF59-adjuvanted inactivated whole-virion H7N9 influenza vaccine provides early protection against H7N9 virus challenge in mice

H7N9 influenza infection in humans would result in severe respiratory illness. Vaccination is the best way to prevent influenza virus. In this paper, we investigated the effect of early protection provided by inactivated whole-virion H7N9 influenza vaccine in a mouse model.Mice were immunized intramuscularly once with different doses of inactivated whole-virion H7N9 influenza vaccine alone or in combination with MF59 adjuvant. Specific IgM and IgG antibody titers in sera of mice were detected by ELISA 3, 5 and 7days after immunization. To evaluate the early protection provided by the vaccine, mice were challenged with lethal dose (40LD₅₀) of homologous virus 3, 5 and 7 days after immunization respectively. The survival rate and body weight change of mice during 21 days after challenge and the residual lung virus titer on 3rd day after challenge were determined. The results demonstrated that mice could obtain effective protection 3 days after immunization with the vaccine at a high dose, and 5–7 days after immunization even at a low dose. Thus early immune responses induced by inactivated whole-virion H7N9 vaccine could provide effective protection.     

Immunization with cytomegalovirus envelope glycoprotein M and glycoprotein N DNA vaccines can provide mice with complete protection against a lethal murine cytomegalovirus challenge

Human cytomegalovirus virions contain three major glycoprotein complexes (gC I, II, III), all of which are required for CMV infectivity. These complexes also represent major antigenic targets for anti-viral immune responses. The gC II complex consists of two glycoproteins, gM and gN. In the current study, DNA vaccines expressing the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) homologs of the gM and gN proteins were evaluated for protection against lethal MCMV infection in a mouse model. Humoral and cellular immune responses, spleen viral titers, and mice survival and body-weight changes were examined. The results showed that immunization with gM or gN DNA vaccine alone was not able to offer good protection, whereas co-immunization with both gM and gN induced an effective neutralizing antibody response and cellular immune response, and provided mice with complete protection against a lethal MCMV challenge. This study provides the first in vivo evidence that the gC II (gM-gN) complex may be able to serve as a protective subunit antigen for future HCMV vaccine development.     

A caprine herpesvirus 1 vaccine adjuvanted with MF59™ protects against vaginal infection and interferes with the establishment of latency in goats

The immunogenicity and the efficacy of a beta-propiolactone-inactivated caprine herpesvirus 1 (CpHV-1) vaccine adjuvanted with MF59™ were tested in goats. Following two subcutaneous immunizations, goats developed high titers of CpHV-1-specific serum and vaginal IgG and high serum virus neutralization (VN) titers. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated in vitro with inactivated CpHV-1 produced high levels of soluble IFN-gamma and exhibited high frequencies of IFN-gamma producing cells while soluble IL-4 was undetectable. On the other hand, control goats receiving the inactivated CpHV-1 vaccine without adjuvant produced only low serum antibody responses. A vaginal challenge with virulent CpHV-1 was performed in all vaccinated goats and in naïve goats to assess the efficacy of the two vaccines. Vaginal disease was not detected in goats vaccinated with inactivated CpHV-1 plus MF59™ and these animals had undetectable levels of infectious challenge virus in their vaginal washes. Goats vaccinated with inactivated CpHV-1 in the absence of adjuvant exhibited a less severe disease when compared to naïve goats but shed titers of challenge virus that were similar to those of naïve goats. Detection and quantitation of latent CpHV-1 DNA in sacral ganglia in challenged goats revealed that the inactivated CpHV-1 plus MF59™ vaccine was able to significantly reduce the latent viral load when compared either to the naïve goats or to the goats vaccinated with inactivated CpHV-1 in the absence of adjuvant. Thus, a vaccine composed of inactivated CpHV-1 plus MF59™ as adjuvant was strongly immunogenic and induced effective immunity against vaginal CpHV-1 infection in goats.     

一种含不同流感病毒血凝素抗原表位的核酸疫苗

流感病毒表面抗原血凝素( hemagglutinin,HA)是流感核酸疫苗重要的靶抗原,针对HA的保护性中和抗体主要由HA上的五个抗原表位诱导产生.在本文中,我们构建了一种以新甲型H1N1流感病毒HA1为骨架的含2个A/PR/8( H1N1)流感病毒HA抗原表位和3个新甲型H1N1流感病毒HA抗原表位的核酸疫苗,并在B...     

ISA 61 VG佐剂增强单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌灭活疫苗的保护性免疫应答

单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌(Listeria monocytogenes,Lm)是重要的人兽共患李斯特氏菌病的致病菌,疫苗免疫是预防该病原菌感染的有效手段之一。本研究研制了添加矿物油佐剂MontanideTM ISA61VG的新型灭活细菌疫苗,并对其安全性和免疫应答特性进行了研究。结果表明,ISA 61 VG佐剂疫苗具有较好的安全性;诱导小鼠产生的抗李斯特氏菌溶血素O抗体滴度以及IgG2a/IgG1比值显著高于无佐剂免疫组;在致死剂量Lm攻毒下,能对小鼠提供100%的免疫保护。因此,ISA 61VG佐剂能显著增强灭活疫苗诱导宿主产生体液免疫和细胞免疫应答的能力,从而提高灭活疫苗的保护性免疫应答作用,是预防人和动物Lm感染的潜在疫苗候选株。     

3种市售免疫调节剂作为流感病毒融合蛋白NM2e亚单位疫苗佐剂的研究

目的:观察具有免疫调节作用的市售左旋咪唑、西米替丁、伐地那非作为甲型流感病毒核蛋白(NP)与基质蛋白2胞外区多肽(M2e)融合蛋白NM2e亚单位疫苗佐剂的可能性。方法:将左旋咪唑、西米替丁、伐地那非单独或者分别与Al(OH)3配伍作为NM2e蛋白佐剂,经肌肉注射免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过体液和细胞免疫检测及病毒攻击实验研究这些免疫调节剂作为疫苗佐剂的可能性。结果:左旋咪唑对NM2e蛋白亚单位疫苗无明显的佐剂效应,但与铝佐剂合用可使攻毒后存活小鼠体重恢复加快;西米替丁可以明显提高NM2e蛋白诱发的特异性IgG2a滴度,提高攻毒后小鼠的存活率(30%),但保护效果明显低于铝佐剂(70%),与铝佐剂无明显的协同作用;伐地那非能明显增加NM2e蛋白诱发的特异性IgG1、IgG2a滴度,提高攻毒后小鼠的存活率(36%),但与铝佐剂合用有相互抑制作用。结论:左旋咪唑、西米替丁、伐地那非对NM2e蛋白均有一定的免疫调节作用,其中西米替丁和伐地那非能提高攻毒保护效果,但保护效果明显低于Al(OH)3,与Al(OH)3联合使用均无协同作用。     

Enhancing effects of the chemical adjuvant levamisole on the DNA vaccine pVIR‐P12A‐IL18‐3C

DNA‐based vaccination is an attractive alternative for overcoming the disadvantages of inactivated virus vaccines; however, DNA vaccines alone often generate only weak immune responses. In this study, the efficacy of LMS as a chemical adjuvant on a DNA vaccine (pVIR‐P12A‐IL18‐3C) encoding the P1‐2A and 3C genes of the FMDV and swine IL‐18, which provides protection against FMDV challenge, was tested. All test pigs were administered booster vaccinations 28 days after the initial inoculation, and were challenged with 1000 ID₅₀ FMDV O/NY00 20 days after the booster vaccination. Positive and negative control groups were inoculated with inactivated virus vaccine and PBS respectively. The DNA vaccine plus LMS induced greater humoral and cell‐mediated responses than the DNA vaccine alone, as evidenced by higher concentrations of neutralizing and specific anti‐FMDV antibodies, and by higher concentrations of T‐lymphocyte proliferation and IFN‐γ production, respectively. FMDV challenge revealed that the DNA vaccine plus LMS provided higher protection than the DNA vaccine alone. This study demonstrates that LMS may be useful as an adjuvant for improving the protective efficiency of DNA vaccination against FMDV in pigs.     

Whole inactivated SIV virion vaccines with functional envelope glycoproteins: safety,immunogenicity, and activity against intrarectal challenge

A novel type of whole inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) virion vaccine immunogen with functional envelope glycoproteins was evaluated, without adjuvant, in rhesus macaques. Immunogens included purified inactivated virions of SIVmac239, a designed mutant of SIVmac239 with gp120 carbohydrate attachment sites deleted (SIVmac239 g4,5), and SIVmneE11S. The vaccines were noninfectious, safe, and immunogenic, inducing antibody responses and cellular responses, including responses by CD8+ lymphocytes. Interpretation of protective efficacy following intrarectal challenge was complicated by incomplete take of the challenge in some SIV na?ve controls.     

甲型H1N1流感病毒佐剂疫苗小鼠免疫效果

为了探讨甲型H1N1流感病毒氢氧化铝佐剂疫苗对小鼠的免疫作用及对小鼠繁殖性能的影响,以不同剂量、不同免疫程序免疫小鼠后定期采血;用血凝抑制(HI)方法检测血清H1N1流感病毒HI抗体滴度,观察H1N1流感病毒佐剂疫苗对小鼠受孕、产仔、哺乳的影响;比较孕鼠及非孕鼠的抗体滴度,免疫后孕鼠所产仔鼠的体重及H1N1胎传抗体水平。结果显示,以0.5μg组开始的不同剂量、不同免疫程序均可使小鼠产生90倍以上水平的H1N1流感病毒抗体;免疫后的小鼠不影响受孕、产仔及哺乳;仔鼠保护性抗体可持续1个月以上。H1N1流感病毒佐剂疫苗是一种高免疫原性的制剂,用低剂量免疫,即可产生90倍以上持续时间较长的保护性抗体。这种佐剂疫苗对小鼠的繁殖性能无明显影响,免疫产生的抗体经胎盘可垂直传递给仔鼠。