HE染色细胞核灰染的处理方法比较研究

目的探讨HE染色细胞核灰染的处理方法,提高HE染色质量。方法收集10例HE染色发灰的胃粘膜、肠息肉和子宫内膜等不同类型的组织,重新切片,通过调整苏木素染色条件以及染色前对组织进行修复处理,设对照组,比较各种处理方法的染色效果。结果通过延长时间、水浴加热和微波加热等调整苏木素染色条件的方法以及水煮修复处理法能够不同程度地促进核染色,但灰染现象未能彻底解决。PBS、EDTA、柠檬酸分别采用高压和微波修复处理均能较好地改善HE染色细胞核灰染现象,以PBS微波处理法效果最佳。结论 PBS微波处理法是HE染色细胞核灰染现象的一种有效处理方法。     

几种种子处理方法对提高水稻种子幼苗抗逆性能的初步观察

我们使用了几种生产中常见的种子处理方法,处理水稻种子并将其播种在不同的环境条件下,观察其萌发种幼苗生长情况,获得如下结果:1.用冷冻,催芽等方法处理种子,在超早播种的低温条件下能获得更多的苗数,出苗较对照提早6—7天,幼苗生育良好。人尿、硫铵等处理也有此较好的效果。2.用硫酸铜及催芽等方法处理种子,在复土1厘米井灌有水层的条件下能获得最多的苗数,生育情况,干物质重则以人尿与硫酸铜处理为佳。3.将种子置于清水中发芽的观察,说明硫酸铜处理对种子发芽有促进作用,人尿与硫铵处理种子发芽整齐,人尿处理的种子发芽后生长迅速,小苏打处理的种子在水中根的生长较对照及其他处理显著为佳。4.一种种子处理方法对幼苗抗逆性能的提高,仅只是一方面或数方面。因此在实践中应根据种子萌发、幼苗生长的具体环境条件来选择种子处理方法。5.人尿及催芽处理的种子和幼苗具有较多方面的优势,可能是由于人尿中包含有多种成分,取得了综合处理的效果。催芽处理的种子在播种前根、芽生长卽具有一定的基础,因此,比其他处理在某些方面具有较大的适应能力。     

芯片杂交中核酸靶样品的制备优化

样品来源、基因含量、检测方法和分析目的的不同,采用的核酸分离、扩增和标记方法各异。核酸样品制备条件的优化处理主要包括核改的单链化处理,片段化和标记方法。根据具体情况选用合适的处理方法,可显提高基因芯片检测的特异性和重现性。     

用理化方法刺激作物种子的增产效应及其原因的初步探讨

引言近年来,国内外的科学文献中,常常见到关於用化学物质或物理方法处理种子以获得增产效果的报导。如保加利亚农学家波波夫的多年研究,已经肯定许多化学物质可以用来处理种子,其中溴化钾处理棉花,水稻种子的方法;在国内许多研究机关进行的试验中也得到了增产的效果。此外用生长刺激素或硼镁等微量元素处理种子的方法和效果,也常见之于科学论著中。我站数年来根据国内外许多科学研究机关的先进经验及我区农民固有的一些种子处理方法,进行了一系列的种子处理试验。其中有显著结果而且在生产实践和生物学理论方面均有     

用SDS-PAGE和Vorum银染法比较真菌菌丝体破壁效果

目的:研究不同处理方法对丝状真菌Pythium sp.GY1938菌丝体破壁效果的差异。方法:采用7种方法对真菌菌丝体进行破壁处理,将制备的胞内可溶蛋白质样品通过SDS-PAGE和Vorum法银染处理,比较不同破壁方法处理后蛋白质释放效果的优劣。结果:方法VI(石英砂、液氮、研磨)的破壁效果最好,蛋白质的分离效率和提取质量最高。结论:方法VI适合于丝状真菌Pythium sp.GY1938蛋白组学研究中目的蛋白的提取。     

红豆杉细胞培养生产紫杉醇产量稳定性的探讨

通过磷酸盐双饥饿和秋水仙碱这两种经典的同步化方法处理悬浮培养的红豆杉细胞 ,以实现培养物的均一性 ,并比较了同步化与非同步化细胞及不同同步化方法处理的细胞紫杉醇产量。结果表明 ,不同同步化方法处理的细胞紫杉醇产量有差异 :秋水仙碱同步处理处于中期的细胞紫杉醇产量高于非同步化细胞 ,而磷酸盐双饥饿同步处理处于间期的细胞紫杉醇产量则相反。这表明紫杉醇产量与培养物的均一性有关 ,且与细胞同步的周期时相有关 ,采用同步化方法来选择合适的细胞周期时相有利于紫杉醇产量的稳定 ,通过比较不同同步化方法处理对细胞生物量和 POD活性的影响进一步探讨紫杉醇产量产生差异的原因     

白垩纪含介形类化石岩石样品处理方法的对比研究

为了确定从坚硬且致密的含介形类化石样品中高效获得介形类化石的处理方法,本研究对三种白垩纪含介形类化石样品:产自吉林白山盆地的含凝灰钙质粉砂质泥岩、凝灰质灰岩和英国典型Purbeck-Wealden沉积区的石灰岩,采取多种方法进行处理。处理方法包括过氧化氢法、表面活性剂法、液氮法、冰醋酸法(常温和沙浴70℃)和氢氟酸法。实验结果表明:针对含凝灰钙质粉砂质泥岩最有效的处理方法是表面活性剂法;凝灰质灰岩只能使用氢氟酸法进行处理;针对石灰岩样品最优的处理方法为冰醋酸法(沙浴70℃)。     

磁处理能力公式推导和应用

水、气、油的磁处理技术已被广泛应用,如何评价磁处理能力似乎未有好方法,以至某些人滥用磁处理技术,被业外人士指磁处理是伪科学。有必要推导出磁处理能力公式去评价磁处理的效果。     

高效液相色谱法测定月饼中的苯甲酸

关于月饼的苯甲酸检测没有明确的处理和检测方法,按照国标GB/T5009.29-2008的要求第一法气相色谱法和第二法液相色谱法进行检测。气相色谱法前处理涉及有机溶剂的重复萃取,操作时间较长,比较麻烦,液相色谱法也没有明确月饼的前处理方法。本文结合液相色谱法中的试样处理中的方法,对月饼的检测,采用了样品粉碎均匀称样后90度水浴30分钟的方法,加蛋白质沉淀剂定容过滤后直接进样,缩短了检测的时间,提高了工作的效率,适合大批量处理样品。     

高温处理构建不感染内生真菌羽茅种群的方法探讨

为了寻求构建禾草内生真菌不感染种群的方法, 选用羽茅为试验材料, 研究了高温处理对内生真菌和宿主活力的影响。结果表明: 60°C高温处理种子能有效杀灭种子内的内生真菌, 处理时间为30 d时, 所有检测幼苗均不感染内生真菌。同时高温处理对种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均无显著影响, 且在幼苗生长初期对根的生长有促进作用。与其他杀菌方法相比, 高温处理的方法具有成本低、技术简单、环境友好等优点, 是一种理想的构建羽茅无菌种群的方法。     

松辽盆地白垩纪介形类生物地层学特征

本文详细论述了松辽盆地白垩系介形类属、种数量及壳饰变化在纵向上的分布规律和介形类组合特征的生物地层学意义。认为介形类属的分布是岩石地层组划分的重要依据,种的分布控制了岩石地层段的划分,并可将萨尔图油层、葡萄花油层和高台子油层进一步细分。同时指出松辽盆地介形类的盛衰与湖盆的发育关系密切,介形类的演化周期与湖盆的发育、收缩和沉积旋回相一致,在湖盆最发育的时期,也是介形类繁盛的高峰,湖盆发育的初期和末期,往往是介形类的发生和衰退期。     

Origin of the Ostracoda and their maxillopodan and hexapodan affinities

There are Cambrian fossils attributed to the Ostracoda but the extant subclasses Podocopa and Myodocopa do not appear until the Ordovician. At this time the morphologically similar, free-living ancestors of the now sedentary Thecostraca (Ascothoracida, Acrothoracica and Cirripedia) may have still been extant, and from an ecological point of view it seems likely that, by and large, ostracods replaced them. However, living ostracods have an abbreviated, direct development, and some key aspects of their morphology, such as the nature of the maxillary segment and abdomen, are conjectural. Thus the affinities between these and related taxa remain uncertain; e.g., while some contemporary carcinologists place Ostracoda as a taxon coordinate with the Branchiopoda, Remipedia, Cephalocarida, Maxillopoda, Malacostraca, others tentatively or unequivocally ally them with the Maxillopoda (generally Mystacocarida, Copepoda, Tantulocarida and Thecostraca, and sometimes Branchiura and Pentastomida). Others, largely involved with fossils, have stretched the definition of the Maxillopoda even further, to the point where it seems even less likely a monophyletic taxon. Until recently cladistic analyses utilizing genetic (largely 18S rDNA) as well traditional morphological characteristics have given confusing results regarding the affinities between these taxa, and an important one suggested the Ostracoda might even be diphyletic. Furthermore, a very recent genetic study utilizing protein encoding genes places a podocopine ostracod among the most primitive of the extant crustaceans (Branchiopoda, Cephalocarida Remipedia and Mystacocarida), and then generally at the base of a lineage leading to the Malacostraca, a lineage giving rise to copepods and cirripeds along the way. This indicates these so-called maxillopodan taxa evolved independently from a malacostracan-like ancestor, and if so they are convergent. And finally, from genetic studies it is not only becoming well documented the Crustacea rather than Myriapoda gave rise to the Hexapoda, but it appears the Hexapoda stem from among the lower rather than the higher crustaceans, possibly even from the Ostracoda. Whether there were terrestrial ostracods at the time hexapods appeared in the Lower Ordovician is unknown, but the modest diversity of terrestrial ostracods today are podocopines which also first appeared in the Lower Ordovician. Thus, if current interpretations of living ostracodan and fossil hexapodan body plans are largely correct, it can be hypothesized the Ostracoda are close to the ancestor of the Hexapoda.     

内蒙古海拉尔盆地南部地区晚白垩世青元岗组介形类

内蒙古海拉尔盆地南部探井青元岗组红色碎屑岩中发现较丰富的介形类化石,即下段的Ahanicypris obesa-Talicypridea triangulata组合和上段的Chinocypridea augusta-Talicypridea qingyuangangensis组合,这些介形类化石地方性色彩强烈,表现为以具冠状壳喙类型的Ahanicypris,Talicypridea,Chinocypridea和网纹发育的Harbinia等属繁盛为特征,反映了中国东北地区晚白垩世晚期介形类动物群面貌。根据介形类化石组合特征及其分布规律,可以与松辽盆地晚白垩世四方台组的介形类动物群对比,时代为晚白垩世Maastrichtian期。     

北部湾海域浮游介形类物种组成、丰度分布及多样性

根据1998年1月～1999年5月北部湾海域4个航次生态环境综合调查资料,对北部湾海域浮游介形类进行分析研究。结果表明,北部湾渔场浮游介形类物种组成较为简单,记录有小型海萤（Cypridina nana）、齿形海萤（Cypridina dentata）、尖尾海萤（Cypridina acuminata）、纳米海萤（Cypridina nami）、针刺真浮萤（Euconchoecia aculeata）、细长真浮萤（Euconchoecia elongata）、后圆真浮萤（Euconchoecia maimai）等18种;隶属于2亚目、2科、4亚科、12属,其中有4种周年出现,9种只在特定的单一季节出现,其余5种季节性出现;夏季和冬季出现的物种数最多,达到11种;春季次之,为9种;秋季最少,只有6种。北部湾浮游介形类可以划分为3个生态类群,即低盐暖水类群、广温广盐类群和高温高盐类群,优势种群主要是近岸低盐暖水类群的针刺真浮萤和尖尾海萤。全海域栖息密度变化范围为0．02～51．58ind．／m^3,年平均1．22ind．／m^3,春季最高,达2．73ind．／m^3,在湾西北部密集有大量的针刺真浮萤;夏季此密集区逐渐向湾中部移动,纳米海萤为其密集种,栖息密度也有所降低;秋、冬季量少,但在湾南、北部各出现一个丰度相对较高的密集区,并由南北向湾中部递减。总生物量具有明显的季节性变化,平面分布趋势与栖息密度相似。生物多样性指数低,以湾口较高、湾顶较低,呈湾口向湾内西北方向递减趋势;全海域年平均多样性阈值为0．329,四季多样性水平皆为Ⅰ级,多样性程度低;多样性程度较高的区域,多出现于受外海水影响较大、水文状况变化较为复杂的海域。对浮游介形类的物种组成、丰度分布及多样性与北部湾的水系、水团、水温及盐度等环境因子的关系进行了探讨。     

Species composition, abundance distribution and diversity of planktonic Ostracoda in the Beibu Gulf, China

Four cruises of survey were carried out in the Beibu Gulf between Feb 1998 and May 1999. A total of 18 species of planktonic Ostracoda were identified, including Cypridina nana, Cypridina dentata, Cypridina acuminata, Cypridina nami, Euconchoecia aculeata, Euconchoecia elongata, Euconchoecia maima, and other taxa. Planktonic Ostracoda in the gulf were divided into three ecological types: (1) a hyposaline and warm-water group, (2) a eurythermal and eurysaline group, and (3) a hyperthermal and hysaline group. The warm water species such as Euconchoecia aculeate and Cypridina acuminate were the dominant Ostracoda species in the gulf, where the overall Ostracoda density ranged from 0.02 ind./m³ to 51.58 ind./m³ and averaged 1.22 ind./m³. The highest average value (2.73 ind./m³) was found in spring. Fuzzy evaluation measures indicated that the diversity in the gulf remained low (level of class I) during all seasons. Diversity appeared to be relatively higher in some regions in which the water mass was strongly influenced by the open sea and had complex structures. This article also discusses how the species composition, abundance and diversity of planktonic Ostracoda are influenced by environmental factors (e.g., aquatic system, water mass, water temperature and salinity) in the Beibu Gulf.     

Species composition, abundance distribution and diversity of planktonic Ostracoda in the Beibu Gulf, China

Four cruises of survey were carried out in the Beibu Gulf between Feb 1998 and May 1999. A total of 18 species of planktonic Ostracoda were identified, including Cypridina nana, Cypridina dentata, Cypridina acuminata, Cypridina nami, Euconchoecia aculeata, Euconchoecia elongata, Euconchoecia maima, and other taxa. Planktonic Ostracoda in the gulf were divided into three ecological types: (1) a hyposaline and warm-water group, (2) a eurythermal and eurysaline group, and (3) a hyperthermal and hysaline group. The warm water species such as Euconchoecia aculeate and Cypridina acuminate were the dominant Ostracoda species in the gulf, where the overall Ostracoda density ranged from 0.02 ind./m³ to 51.58 ind./m³ and averaged 1.22 ind./m³. The highest average value (2.73 ind./m³) was found in spring. Fuzzy evaluation measures indicated that the diversity in the gulf remained low (level of class I) during all seasons. Diversity appeared to be relatively higher in some regions in which the water mass was strongly influenced by the open sea and had complex structures. This article also discusses how the species composition, abundance and diversity of planktonic Ostracoda are influenced by environmental factors (e.g., aquatic system, water mass, water temperature and salinity) in the Beibu Gulf.     

介形类系统分类与起源演化的形态、分子和化石证据

介形类(Ostracoda)因其丰富的化石记录和广布的海陆现生代表类群,而被认为是进化生物学中研究生物多样性产生机制和演变历程的颇具潜力的重要模式生物。介形类在甲壳亚门中的谱系发生位置、起源及其内部各类群间的系统关系还存在诸多争议。基于其体制构造的形态学特征,介形类被归入甲壳亚门下的颚足纲(Maxillopoda),但来自18S rDNA序列数据分析却显示Maxillopoda不是单系群。基于化石记录和壳体形态特征,高肌虫(Bradoriida)长期以来被认为是介形类的一个祖先类群,但保存有软躯体的早寒武世化石的研究表明,Bradoriida不是介形类甚至可能也不属于甲壳类。不同的研究者所强调的壳体和肢体形态特征各异,导致介形类最大的现生类群速足目(Podocopida)的四个超科之间的关系也存在诸多推测。壳体和肢体特征在系统演化意义上的不兼容,需要分子生物学等证据的介入。分子、形态和化石证据的积累及各种信息整合是系统演化研究的必然趋势。     

Contribution à l'étude de la microfaune des récifs messiniens d'Oranie Occidentale (Algérie)

Benthonic Foraminifera and Ostracoda from the reefal Messinian of Western Oranie (Algeria) belong partly to species already known in the mediterranean Tortonian and Pliocene and partly as far as Ostracoda are concerned to new species. These last ones are perhaps in connection with the reef facies they could characterized all around the Mediterranean Sea.     

秋、冬季北部湾浮游介形类群落多元分析

根据对北部湾生态环境综合调查所采集的浮游动物样品,对北部湾秋、冬季浮游介形类组成及群落结构进行了多元分析.结果表明,测区内浮游介形类种类为11种,分属于低盐暖水类群、广温广盐类群和高温高盐类群3个生态类群;海区内的平均丰度较低,其中针刺真浮萤数量最多,为海区的绝对优势种,左右着整个北部湾浮游介形类的数量.聚类分析和MDS分析表明,北部湾浮游介形类为一个结构相对稳定的群落,秋、冬季可看成是一个群落的2个亚群;对各聚类组的丰度与水温、盐度相关分析表明,水温、盐度对浮游介形类群落结构变化所产生的作用较小,但存在一定的规律性;在冬季,底层温盐对群落Ⅱ产生显著影响.     

An ostracod-like arthropod with appendages preserved from the lower Ordovician of England

A tiny arthropod with a thin, possibly poorly mineralized, bivalved carapace and a pair of annulated, uniramous, probable frontal appendages is described from lower Ordovician marine mudstones in boreholes from central England. It represents only the fifth Ordovician example of a conservation deposit with soft integument preserved. Its systematic position is unresolved, but it may belong to the Ostracoda; if so, it is a rare example of an ostracod with fossilized appendages. Arthropoda, Ostracoda, appendages, Tremadoc Series, Ordovician, England.