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1.
Ali Yilmaz Nils T. Nyberg Per Mølgaard Javad Asili Jerzy W. Jaroszewski 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2010,6(4):511-517
The aim of this study was to explore feasibility of 1H NMR metabolic fingerprinting for discrimination of authenticity of saffron using principal component analysis (PCA) modeling.
Authentic reference Iranian saffron (n = 31) and commercial samples (n = 32) were used. Cross-validated PCA models based on 1H NMR spectra of solutions prepared by direct extraction of grinded saffron with methanol-d
4 distinguished reference Iranian saffron samples from commercial samples that formed several distinct clusters, some of which
represent falsified samples as confirmed by microscopic analysis. The production sites and drying conditions of the authentic
reference Iranian samples were not reflected in the current dataset. Picrocrocin and glycosyl esters of crocetin emerged as
the most important 1H NMR markers of authentic saffron by using statistical correlation spectroscopy. In conclusion, 1H NMR spectra of saffron extracts combined with pattern recognition by PCA provide immediate means of unsupervised classification
of saffron samples. 相似文献
2.
Olusegun A. Olaoye Abiodun A. Onilude 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(8):1445-1454
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) cultures to preserve fresh beef at room
temperature, with a view to promoting safety and availability of the product in Nigeria. Two LAB strains, Pediococcus pentosaceus LIV 01 and P. acidilactici FLE 01, were applied as starters (106 cfu/g) on sliced fresh beef samples, and were stored for 7 days at 30°C. Analyses of microbiological, thiobarbituric acid
(TBA) and free fatty acids (FFA) were carried out during storage. Results indicated reduction in the Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and coliforms in starter inoculated samples. TBA and FFA were lower in starter culture inoculated samples compared to controls
during storage. In a challenge experiment against the LAB cultures during a 7-day storage, two sets of meat were inoculated
separately with 106 cfu/g each of pathogenic organisms Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium. There was about 1 log reduction in the L. monocytogenes on day 1 while counts were below detection limit (<2 log) on day 2 in meat samples inoculated with P. pentosaceus alone and in combination with P. acidilactici. Counts of S. Typhimurium showed about 2 log reduction in starter inoculated samples during storage while an increase by about 3 log was
observed in control samples. The protective ability of the LAB strains could be exploited in shelf life extension and control
of foodborne pathogens in fresh beef; their use as biological preservatives may help in promoting public health, safety and
availability of the product in Nigeria. 相似文献
3.
Lingling Guo Liqiang Liu Liguang Xu Hua Kuang Gang Cui Chuanlai Xu 《Biotechnology journal》2020,15(1)
Spiramycin (SP) residues in food do harm to human health. It is necessary to establish rapid detection method for SP. In this work, a monoclonal antibody (mAb)‐based gold immunochromatography assay (GICA) is developed for the rapid detection of SP. Under optimum conditions, the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration of SP‐mAb is 0.43 ng mL–1. The subtype of SP‐mAb is IgG2b. This antibody has no cross‐reactivity with other analogues and has high affinity (4.52 × 1010 L mol–1). Qualitative results can be visualized with the naked eye, with a visual detection limit of 1.0 ng mL–1 and cut‐off value of 10 ng mL–1. A hand‐held strip scanner is used for the quantitative analysis, with LOD 0.43 ng mL–1 in assay buffer. The recoveries of SP ranged from 72.3% to 112% in milk and 98.5% to 115% in beef, with variable coefficient ranging from 9.4% to 11.7% in milk and 8.14% to 15.4% in beef. Besides, the proposed GICA method for SP is confirmed by LC–MS/MS in SP‐spiked milk and beef samples. Overall, the developed GICA can be a useful tool for SP residues on‐site screening in milk and beef samples. 相似文献
4.
Lincosamides (LMs), include clindamycin (CLIN), lincomycin (LIN), and pirlimycin (PIR), that are widely used as veterinary drugs. LM residues in edible animal origin foods endanger human health and are in urgent need of establishing fast, simple, and highly sensitive detection methods. A gold immunochromatographic strip is prepared to detect CLIN, LIN, and PIR residues simultaneously with a single monoclonal antibody. This antibody is obtained with the design of a novel Hapten and can simultaneously recognize CLIN, LIN, and PIR. Under optimized conditions, the strip results can be semi‐quantitatively evaluated with the naked eye within 15 min, with cut‐off values in phosphate‐buffered saline of 1 ng mL?1 for CLIN, 10 ng mL?1 for LIN, and 25 ng mL?1 for PIR, respectively. Besides, the strip can also be quantified using a hand‐held strip scanner, and the spiked samples are used for establishing matrix curves. The limits of detection for CLIN, LIN, and PIR in spiked milk, egg, beef, and honey samples can satisfy the detection requirement. The utility of this strip is also confirmed by positive honey sample. In short, this strip should be expected to be a useful tool for the rapid on‐site screening of lincosamide residues in milk, egg, beef, and honey samples. 相似文献
5.
1H NMR spectroscopy of sera from HIV-1 infected and uninfected individuals was performed on 300 and 600 MHz instruments. The
resultant spectra were automatically data reduced to 90 and 180 integral segments of equal length. Analysis of variance identified
significant differences between the sample groups, especially for the samples analyzed on 600 MHz and reduced to fewer segments.
Linear discriminant analysis correctly classified 100% of the samples analyzed on the 300 MHz NMR (reduced to 180 segments);
an increase in instrument sensitivity resulted in lower percentages of correctly classified samples. Multinomial logistic
regression (MLR) resulted in 100% correct classification of all samples from both instruments. Thus 1H-NMR metabonomics on either instrument distinguishes HIV-positive individuals using or not using anti retroviral therapy,
but the sensitivity of the instrument impacts on data reduction. Furthermore, MLR is a novel multivariate statistical technique
for improved classification of biological data analyzed in NMR.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
6.
《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2021,15(5):100196
This paper investigated whether a single Hormonal Growth Promotant (HGP) adjustment in the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) beef grading model adequately predicted consumer eating quality of beef from cattle treated with different HGP formulations. This paper used consumer sensory data from two experiments. In experiment one, a total of 300 steers were allocated to three treatments; control (CON-100-F), 100 day oestradiol only HGP (OES-100-F), or a combination of trenbolone acetate and oestradiol HGP (TBA+OES-100-F) and finished in a feedlot for 73 days. In experiment two, a total of 200 steers were allocated either control or 400 day oestradiol only HGP treatments and finished on pasture for 389 days. Steers were slaughtered by finishing regime and carcass traits recorded. The anterior and posterior portions of the m. longissimus lumborum (LL-A and LL-P, respectively) and m. gluteus medius (GM) were collected and aged for five or 35 days. Grilled meat samples were scored for tenderness, juiciness, liking of flavour and overall acceptability using untrained consumers. Sensory scores were weighted by 0.3. 0.1, 0.3 and 0.3, respectively and summed to calculate a meat quality (MQ4) score. Residual MQ4 scores were calculated (observed MQ4 minus the predicted MQ4 score). The MSA model accounts for varied impacts of different HGPs on eating quality through a single HGP adjustment, and indirect impacts on carcass traits. For the majority of the HGP treatment samples, the residual MQ4 scores were not different to zero (5/18), or were positive i.e. the MSA model under-predicted these samples (11/18). Under-prediction was predominately for 35 day aged (7/9) and GM HGP treatment samples (6/6) and was considered low, with the majority less than ±5 MQ4 units. Under-prediction could be considered as advantageous through providing an additional safeguard to protect the interests of the consumers, rather than if the model had over-predicted and resulted in a more negative eating quality experience than expected. Some over-prediction was observed in the CON-100-F and TBA+OES-100-F treatment samples, which may be due to factors such as genetic variation and/or production environment. Minimal bias was observed when residual MQ4 was regressed against predicted MQ4 for the range of feeding regimes, muscles, ageing periods and treatment groups. This study showed that a single HGP adjustment in the MSA beef grading model, combined with the indirect effects of the different HGP formulations on carcass traits, provided a reasonable prediction of meat eating quality for different HGP formulations. 相似文献
7.
E.P. Black K.A. Hirneisen D.G. Hoover K.E. Kniel 《Journal of applied microbiology》2010,108(4):1352-1360
Aims: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of high pressure to inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef at ambient and subzero treatment temperatures and to study the fate of surviving bacteria postprocess and during frozen storage. Methods and Results: Fresh ground beef was inoculated with a five‐strain cocktail of E. coli O157:H7 vacuum‐packaged, pressure‐treated at 400 MPa for 10 min at ?5 or 20°C and stored at ?20 or 4°C for 5–30 days. A 3‐log CFU g?1 reduction of E. coli O157:H7 in the initial inoculum of 1 × 106 CFU g?1 was observed immediately after pressure treatment at 20°C. During frozen storage, levels of E. coli O157:H7 declined to <1 × 102 CFU g?1 after 5 days. The physiological status of the surviving E. coli was affected by high pressure, sensitizing the cells to pH levels 3 and 4, bile salts at 5% and 10% and mild cooking temperatures of 55–65°C. Conclusions: High‐pressure processing (HPP) reduced E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef by 3 log CFU g?1 and caused substantial sublethal injury resulting in further log reductions of bacteria during frozen storage. Significance and Impact of the Study: HPP treatment of packaged ground beef has potential in the meat industry for postprocess control of pathogens such as E. coli O157:H7 with enhanced safety of the product. 相似文献
8.
James S. Craigie Shawna L. MacKinnon John A. Walter 《Journal of applied phycology》2008,20(5):665-671
Aqueous extracts of Ascophyllum nodosum and several other brown seaweeds are manufactured commercially and widely distributed for use on agricultural crops. The
increasingly regulated international trade in such products requires that they be standardized and defined to a degree not
previously required. We examined commercially available extracts using quantitative 1H NMR and principal components analysis (PCA) techniques. Extracts manufactured over a 4-year period using the same process
exhibited characteristic profiles that, on PCA, clustered as a discrete group distinct from the other commercial products
examined. In addition to recognizing extracts made from different seaweeds, analysis of the 1H spectra in the 0.35–4.70 ppm region allowed us to distinguish amongst extracts produced from the same algal species by different
manufacturers. This result established that the process used to make an extract is an important variable in defining its composition.
A comparison of the 1H NMR integrals for the regions 1.0–3.0 ppm and 3.0–4.38 ppm revealed small but significant changes in the A. nodosum spectra that we attribute to seasonal variation in gross composition of the harvested seaweed. Such changes are reflected
in the PCA scores plots and contribute to the scatter observed within the data point cluster observed for Acadian soluble
extracts when all data are pooled. Quantitative analysis using 1H NMR (qNMR) with a certified external standard (caffeine) showed a linear relationship with extract concentration over at
least an order of magnitude (2.5–33 mg/mL; R
2 > 0.97) for both spectral regions integrated. We conclude that qNMR can be used to profile (or “fingerprint”) commercial
seaweed extracts and to quantify the amount of extract present relative to a suitably chosen standard.
Issued as NRCC no. 42,652. 相似文献
9.
Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) is an important non-timber forest product (NTFP) in the forest ecological system of subtropical China. In this study of
young bamboo, dynamic changes in height, biomass, and carbon accumulation were determined and tissue samples were analyzed
by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. Results showed that the time from the bamboo shoots sprouting to the formation
of young bamboo was 35–40 d. Accumulation of biomass and carbon in young bamboos depended mainly on ground diameter and the
length of time after the bamboo shoots sprouted. NMR spectroscopy of tissue samples showed that O-alkyl carbon was found to dominate the tissue carbon, and it accounted for approximately 70%. The relative ratios of different
carbon forms did not significantly change with the growth of young bamboo, suggesting that different carbon forms were stable
with the carbon accumulation in the growth period of young bamboo. 相似文献
10.
Leandro Kanamaru Franco de Lima Elisa Helena Giglio Ponsano Marcos Franke Pinto 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2011,27(11):2553-2558
One application of biotechnology that contributes to sustainable development is the utilization of industrial byproducts as
substrates for the production of substances of interest by microorganism. In this work, liquid effluent from tilapia fish
processing was used as a substrate for the growth of Rubrivivax gelatinosus with the aim of studying the bacterial photo heterotrophic metabolism. Cultivation conditions included 32 ± 2°C, 1,400 ± 200
lux and 7 days. In the initial days, the best cell mass production (0.273 g l−1 with 72 h), specific growth rate (0.188 h−1 with 48 h) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) decrease (43% with 72 h) were reached. Typical bacterial oxycarotenoids were
identified after 3 days of cultivation, averaging 3.03 mg g−1 biomass. Bacterial growth in the effluent during the period of study resulted in pH increase to 7.9, total nitrogen, oils
and greases and COD decreases of 22.46, 47.71 and 52%, respectively, and dry cell mass production of 0.18 g l−1. The bacterial growth in the wastewater provided biomass and oxycarotenoids and the removal of pollutant load. 相似文献
11.
Xuesong Zhao Juan Wang Jie Li Ling Fu Juan Gao Xiuli Du Hongtao Bi Yifa Zhou Guihua Tai 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(5):721-726
Fourteen phytopathogenic fungi were tested for their ability to transform the major ginsenosides to the active minor ginsenoside
Rd. The transformation products were identified by TLC and HPLC, and their structures were assigned by NMR analysis. Cladosporium fulvum, a tomato pathogen, was found to transform major ginsenoside Rb1 to Rd as the sole product. The following optimum conditions for transforming Rd by C. fulvum were determined: the time of substrate addition, 24 h; substrate concentration, 0.25 mg ml−1; temperature, 37°C; pH 5.0; and biotransformation period, 8 days. At these optimum conditions, the maximum yield was 86%
(molar ratio). Further, a preparative scale transformation with C. fulvum was performed at a dose of 100 mg of Rb1 by a yield of 80%. This fungus has potential to be applied on the preparation for Rd in pharmaceutical industry. 相似文献
12.
《Animal reproduction science》2006,91(3-4):211-218
The present study was undertaken to examine whether pregnancy diagnosis was possible by measuring fecal progesterone concentrations in beef and dairy heifers and beef cows. Rectal fecal samples collected on days 18–24 after insemination or days 11–17 after embryo transfer were mixed with methanol and shaken for preparation of a fecal solution. After centrifugation, the supernatant was extracted with petroleum ether followed by an enzyme immunoassay for progesterone. All pregnant animals showed fecal progesterone concentrations greater than 50 ng/g of fecal material on days 18–24 after AI or estrus. In non-pregnant animals, however, the fecal progesterone concentrations ranged widely from 5 to 180 ng/g of fecal material. In non-pregnant cattle, the percentage of cattle with <50 ng progesterone/g of fecal material compared with the total number was 37–60% on days 18–20, whereas the percentages increased more than 70% to a maximum of 78.1% on day 23. When 50 ng/g was considered as the cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity of positive pregnancy tests were less than 70% on days 21–24, and 100% for negative pregnancy tests on days 18–24. There were significant differences in the mean fecal progesterone concentrations between pregnant and non-pregnant cattle on days 19–24. These results suggest that feces can be utilized to substitute for plasma and milk to measure progesterone for the purpose of pregnancy diagnosis in heifers and cows. 相似文献
13.
The effect of fucoidan from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii on WSSV resistance and immune activity in shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fab) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Immanuel G Sivagnanavelmurugan M Marudhupandi T Radhakrishnan S Palavesam A 《Fish & shellfish immunology》2012,32(4):551-564
The polysaccharide-fucoidan was extracted from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii and characterized through FT-IR and 13C & 1H NMR analysis. The extracted fucoidan was supplemented with pellet diets at three different concentrations (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%). The fucoidan supplemented diets were fed to Penaeus monodon for 45 days, then challenged with WSSV and the mortality percentage was recorded daily up to 21 days. During the challenge test, the control group showed 100% mortality within 10 days, but in the experimental groups, the mortality percentage (51-72% within 21 days) was decreased considerably (P < 0.05) with respect to the concentrations of fucoidan. The reduction in mortality percentage of experimental groups over control group was ranged from 50.81 to 68.06%. During challenge experiment, the immunological parameters such as THC, prophenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst activity, superoxide dismutase activity and phagocytic activity were measured before injection of WSSV (0 day) and after the injection of WSSV on 10th and 21st days, respectively. All the immunological parameters of experimental groups were significantly (P < 0.05) increased than control group. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the considerable reduction of WSSV DNA copy numbers with respect to the concentration of fucoidan. It was concluded that P. monodon fed with fucoidan of S. wightii supplemented diet had enhanced the innate immunity and increased resistance against WSSV infection. 相似文献
14.
The objective of this study was to determine whether continuous, long-term, fenceline exposure of prepubertal beef bulls to cycling beef females reduced age at puberty and influenced the percentage of bulls that passed an initial breeding soundness examination (BSE). Bulls (Angus, n = 37; Simmental, n = 22; Hereford, n = 10; Simmental × Angus, n = 8) at an average age of 202 ± 21.5 days were given either continuous fenceline and visual exposure to cycling females (exposed, n = 41) or no exposure (control, n = 36). Estrus was induced in cycling beef females so at least three females were in standing estrus each week during the 182 days of exposure to bulls. Scrotal circumference (SC), body weight, and blood samples were collected every 28 days. When bulls had SC of 26 cm or more, semen samples were obtained monthly via electroejaculation until puberty was achieved (≥50 × 106 sperm/mL with at least 10% progressive motility). Behavioral observations were conducted twice monthly: once when females were in estrus and once during diestrus. Homosexual mounting, flehmen responses, and number of times near penned females were recorded for each observation period. Breeding soundness examinations were conducted when the average age of bulls was 364 ± 21.5 days. Normal sperm morphology of at least 70% and sperm motility of at least 30% were required to pass the BSE. Age, body weight, and SC at puberty did not differ between exposed and control bulls (320 ± 28 and 311 ± 29 days; 466.2 ± 12.2 and 437.7 ± 13.5 kg; and 34.4 ± 2.5 and 34.9 ± 2.5 cm, respectively). Percentage of bulls passing their initial BSE did not differ between treatments (exposed, 87.8%; control, 75.0%). Treatment, month, and female estrous stage interacted (P = 0.05) to affect the number of mount attempts and flehmen responses. Exposed bulls entered the cow area more times (P < 0.001) during estrus than diestrus in Months 1, 2, and 3. We concluded that bulls given continuous, long-term, fenceline exposure to cycling beef females do not have enhanced sexual development. 相似文献
15.
The linear analysis of chemical shifts (LACS) has provided a robust method for identifying and correcting 13C chemical shift referencing problems in data from protein NMR spectroscopy. Unlike other approaches, LACS does not require
prior knowledge of the three-dimensional structure or inference of the secondary structure of the protein. It also does not
require extensive assignment of the NMR data. We report here a way of extending the LACS approach to 15N NMR data from proteins, so as to enable the detection and correction of inconsistencies in chemical shift referencing for
this nucleus. The approach is based on our finding that the secondary 15N chemical shift of the backbone nitrogen atom of residue i is strongly correlated with the secondary chemical shift difference (experimental minus random coil) between the alpha and
beta carbons of residue i − 1. Thus once alpha and beta 13C chemical shifts are available (their difference is referencing error-free), the 15N referencing can be validated, and an appropriate offset correction can be derived. This approach can be implemented prior
to a structure determination and can be used to analyze potential referencing problems in database data not associated with
three-dimensional structure. Application of the LACS algorithm to the current BMRB protein chemical shift database, revealed
that nearly 35% of the BMRB entries have δ
15N values mis-referenced by over 0.7 ppm and over 25% of them have δ
1HN values mis-referenced by over 0.12 ppm. One implication of the findings reported here is that a backbone 15N chemical shift provides a better indicator of the conformation of the preceding residue than of the residue itself.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
16.
Leila Hayashi Gabriel S. M. Faria Beatriz G. Nunes Carmen S. Zitta Lidiane A. Scariot Ticiane Rover Marthiellen R. L. Felix Zenilda L. Bouzon 《Journal of applied phycology》2011,23(3):439-447
Kappaphycus alvarezii was cultured in vitro under salinities ranging from 15 to 55 psu for 35 days to determine the differential effect on growth
rate, carrageenan yield, and cellular structure. Plants kept in 15 psu died after 3 days, while plants cultured in 55 psu
presented low growth rates during the entire experimental period (0.28% day−1). Plants cultured in 25, 35, and 45 psu showed growth rates normally associated with this species (between 3% and 4% day−1) and similar cellular morphology. Carrageenan yield was significantly higher in plants cultured in 25 psu in relation to
the other treatments. As observed by light microscopy, plants cultured in 15 psu showed cellular turgidity and increased cell
wall thickness, both consequences of hyposalinity. Chloroplasts and other membranous organelles underwent rupture and considerable
disorganization in ultrastructure. Although branches from the 55 psu samples showed plasmolysis, cells were able to maintain
chloroplast integrity, despite their rudimentary features. In high salinities, great concentrations of floridean starch grains
were observed in subcortical cells, indicating their probable participation in osmoregulation. Based on these results, we
defined the range of 25 to 45 psu as the limits of saline tolerance for K. alvarezii. While new field studies are required to confirm these results, it can be concluded that new sites, such as inactive or abandoned
shrimp tanks with salinities up to 25 psu, could be considered for commercial farming. 相似文献
17.
C. M. Calkins J. D. Scasta T. Smith M. M. Stayton S. L. Lake 《Medical and veterinary entomology》2019,33(4):546-551
The horn fly Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) is a blood obligate ectoparasite of bovids that causes annual losses to the U.S. beef cattle industry of over US$1.75 billion. Climate warming, the anthropogenic dispersion of bovids and the cross‐breeding of beef cattle with other bovid species may facilitate novel horn fly–host interactions. In particular, hybridizing yaks [Bos grunniens (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)] with beef cows (Bos taurus) for heterosis and carcass improvements may increase the exposure of yak × beef hybrids to horn flies. The present paper reports on the collection of digital images of commingled beef heifers (n = 12) and F1 yak × beef hybrid bovids (heifers, n = 7; steers, n = 5) near Laramie, Wyoming (~ 2200 m a.s.l.) in 2018. The total numbers of horn flies on beef heifers and F1 yak × beef heifers [mean ± standard error (SE): 88 ± 13 and 70 ± 17, respectively] did not differ significantly; however, F1 yak × beef steers had greater total horn fly abundance (mean ± SE: 159 ± 39) than female bovids. The present report of this experiment is the first such report in the literature and suggests that F1 yak × beef bovids are as susceptible as cattle to horn fly parasitism. Therefore, similar monitoring and treatment practices should be adopted by veterinarians, entomologists and producers. 相似文献
18.
Hongzhen Zhang Fengli Zhang Zhiyong Li 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2009,25(7):1267-1274
Gene cloning, optimized production and property of marine lipase from Bacillus pumilus B106 associated with South China Sea sponge Halichondria rugosa were investigated in this paper. A lipase gene with whole ORF encoding 215 amino acids was obtained by PCR, protein domain
prediction suggested that the deduced lipase belongs to α/β hydrolases family. Based on single factor Seriatim-Factorial test
and Plackett–Burman experimental design, the optimal medium consisted of (per l) 12.5 ml maize oil, 5.0 g beef extract, 2.0 g
PO4
3− (0.6 g KH2PO4, 1.4 g K2HPO4), 17.15 g Mg2+, 5.0 g yeast extract, 2.282 g CaCl2 and 5.0 ml Tween80 with artificial sea water. Using this optimum medium, lipase activity and cell concentration were increased
by 3.54- and 1.31-fold over that of the basal medium, respectively. This lipase showed tolerance to high salinity, pH and
temperature. About 10–20% methanol exhibited a stimulatory effect on the lipase activity, while activity was inhibited by
30–40% methanol, 2-propanol, DMSO, and ethanol. This study provides a valuable resource for marine lipase production and extends
our understanding of the possible role of sponge-associated bacteria in the biotransformation of chemical compounds for the
sponge host. 相似文献
19.
Choi JH Yoo KY Lee CH Park JH Yan BC Kwon SH Seo JY Cho JH Hwang IK Won MH 《Neurochemical research》2012,37(4):802-810
In the present study, we compared differences in cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation and neuronal maturation in
the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) between the adult and aged gerbil induced by 5 min of transient global cerebral ischemia
using Ki-67 and BrdU (markers for cell proliferation), doublecortin (DCX, a marker for neuroblast differentiation) and neuronal
nuclei (NeuN, a marker for mature neuron). The number of Ki-67-immunoreactive (+) cells in the DG of both the groups peaked 7 days after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, the number in the aged DG was
40.6 ± 1.8% of that in the adult DG. Thereafter, the number decreased with time. After ischemic damage, DCX immunoreactivity
and its protein level in the adult and aged DG peaked at 10 and 15 days post-ischemia, respectively. However, DCX immunoreactivity
and its protein levels in the aged DG were much lower than those in the adult. DCX immunoreactivity and its protein level
in the aged DG were 11.1 ± 0.6% and 34.4 ± 2.1% of the adult DG, respectively. In addition, the number of Ki-67+ cells and DCX immunoreactivity in both groups were similar to those in the sham at 60 days postischemia. At 30 days post-ischemia,
the number of BrdU+ cells and BrdU+/NeuN+ cells in the adult-group were much higher (281.2 ± 23.4% and 126.4 ± 7.4%, respectively) than the aged-group (35.6 ± 6.8%
and 79.5 ± 6.1%, respectively). These results suggest that the ability of neurogenesis in the ischemic aged DG is much lower
than that in the ischemic adult DG. 相似文献
20.
The aim of the project was to determine the effects of sudden change in potassium concentration in inland saline water on
the survival, osmolality and condition indices of western Australian King Prawn—Penaeus latisulcatus Kishinouye. Australia has large volumes of inland saline water that could be used for aquaculture but is often deficient in K+. Western king prawn is a candidate species for culture in inland saline water. Such waters require K+ fortification for prawn survival and growth. Trials were conducted in tanks to determine the effect of sudden change in K+ concentration in inland saline water samples on the survival, osmolality and condition indices of western king prawns. Prawns
in tanks were acclimated to inland saline water procured from Wannamal—an inland location in Western Australia. After 3 days
of acclimation, prawns were subjected to sudden increase in medium K+ concentration over 1 h, ranging from 80% to 100% of the marine water K+ concentration by adding potassium chloride. Identical inland saline water was added to the control tanks over the same time
period. Survival, ingestion rate and osmoregulatory capacity (OC) were then recorded over 19 days. At the conclusion of the
trial, survival ranged from 71% to 78% in the potassium-enriched tanks whereas 100% mortality was observed in the control
tanks by day 11. Ingestion rate of prawns was significantly higher in the experimental tanks than in the control. Osmoregulatory
capacity of potassium-enriched prawns was significantly lower post- than pre-ionic change and significantly higher at the
conclusion of the trial than both pre- and post-ionic change. There was no significant difference in OC between water types
at any time period. These results indicate that prawns can tolerate sudden increase in K+ content in inland saline water and the higher K+ concentration increases survival and OC, but other measures indicate the prawns were experiencing stressful conditions.
Guest Editors: J. John & B. Timms
Salt Lake Research: Biodiversity and Conservation—Selected Papers from the 9th Conference of the International Society for
Salt Lake Research 相似文献