НОВЫЙ ВИЗЕЙСКИЙ РОД СПИРИФЕРИД-Grandispirifer gen.nov.

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O.S.S浅谈

Oncology Support System是荷兰PHI LIPS公司O.S.S的全称。这是一台在Treatment Planning System(T.P.S治疗计划系统)基础上发展而成、辅助CT诊断、设计三维放射治疗的专用计算机系统。我院放射治疗科于84年完成了SL 75—20医用电子直线加速器、模拟定位机、O.S.S等设备的安装     

子囊菌的一个新目Umbilicariales J.C.Wei & Q.M.Zhou

本文基于核糖体SSU rDNA序列对石耳科Umbilicariaceae的系统地位进行了研究.将所获得的石耳科地衣中6个种的SSU rDNA序列与GenBank中其它地衣型及非地衣型真菌的相关序列进行比对用于系统发育研究.结果表明长期以来系统地位不够明确而暂时被置于茶渍目Lecanorales的石耳科不能被包括在茶渍目中,分子数据支持成立石耳目Umbilicariales.基于分子数据并结合形态学和解剖学特征描述了新目Umbilicariales J.C. Wei ＆ Q.M. Zhou（Lecanoromycetes,Ascomycota）.     

子囊菌的一个新目Umbilicariales J.C. Wei & Q.M. Zhou

本文基于核糖体SSU rDNA序列对石耳科Umbilicariaceae的系统地位进行了研究.将所获得的石耳科地衣中6个种的SSU rDNA序列与GenBank中其它地衣型及非地衣型真菌的相关序列进行比对用于系统发育研究.结果表明长期以来系统地位不够明确而暂时被置于茶渍目Lecanorales的石耳科不能被包括在茶渍目中,分子数据支持成立石耳目Umbilicariales.基于分子数据并结合形态学和解剖学特征描述了新目Umbilicariales J.C. Wei & Q.M. Zhou(Lecanoromycetes,Ascomycota).     

A revision of Clematis sect. Aspidanthera s.l. （ Ranunculaceae ）

对毛茛科铁线莲属Clematis L.的单性铁线莲组sect. Aspidanthera Spach s.l.进行了全面修订,确定此组共含72种和15变种,这些种被归类于6个亚组中,其中包括首次描述的1系、5种和2变种,以及做出的2新等级.对单性铁线莲组的分类学简史和地理分布做了介绍.写出了组、亚组、系的形态特征和地理分布,分亚组检索表及各亚组的分种检索表;以及各种植物的形态描述、地理分布、生长环境等,并附有多幅插图.在研究了此组全部种类的标本之后,观察到此组几个重要形态特征的演化趋势(1)萼片在数目上由4枚演变到8枚,在开展方向上由平展到直上展,在形状上由长圆形到狭条形,在长度上由比雄蕊稍长到2-4倍长于雄蕊,其卷叠式由镊合状到次生的覆瓦状;(2)花药药隔顶端由不具突起到具短或长的突起;(3)雌花退化雄蕊的数目由多数到定数、少数,以至完全消失;(4)花序自当年生枝的叶腋发生演变到与数叶同自老枝的一腋芽中发出.根据上述演化趋势推断本组各亚组间的亲缘关系如下subsect. Dioicae (34种,广布于北美洲和南美洲)的花构造(萼片4,镊合状排列,平展,通常呈长圆形,稍长于雄蕊或近等长,外面边缘被短绒毛;雄蕊花药呈长圆形,药隔顶端无突起;雌花具多数退化雄蕊;花序自当年生枝的叶腋发出)与具两性花的威灵仙组欧洲铁线莲亚组sect. Clematis subsect. Clematis 的花极为相似,区别主要在于本亚组的花为单性,由此判断subsect. Dioicae可能是单性铁线莲组sect. Aspidanthera的原始群,源出于欧洲铁线莲亚组.本组的第二亚组subsect. Lasianthae(2种,分布于北美西南部)与subsect. Dioicae 在亲缘关系上极为相近,区别只在于其花序或具花当年生枝与数叶一同由老枝的一个腋芽中发出,此亚组当是从subsect. Dioicae衍生出的一个小群.第三亚组subsect. Microphyllae(7种,特产澳大利亚)也与subsect. Dioicae相近缘,但此亚组的萼片变狭长,多呈条形或狭条形,常2-4倍长于多少变短的雄蕊,雌花的退化雄蕊数目变少,16-2枚,根据这些进化特征,推测此亚组也源出于subsect. Dioicae.第四亚组subsect. Aristatae (16种,分布于澳大利亚、新几内亚及邻近岛屿)与subsect. Microphyllae 在亲缘关系上相近,但本亚组的花药药隔顶端具短或长的突起而不同,根据此进化特征,推测本亚组系由后者演化而出.第五亚组subsect. Hexapetalae (11种,特产新西兰)的花构造与分布于澳大利亚的subsect. Microphyllae相似,但其萼片为覆瓦状排列,外面边缘不被短绒毛,在多数种多于4枚,为5-8枚而不同.据Godley 的研究,本亚组中的C. afoliata的花有4枚萼片,排成2轮,每轮的2枚萼片均为近镊合状排列;另外,在C. paniculata花的6枚萼片中,4枚为覆瓦状排列,其他2枚有时内向镊合状排列.从上述情况可见此亚组的萼片覆瓦状卷叠式可能是由镊合状卷叠式演变而来的一种次生现象,并由此推测,此亚组可能与subsect. Microphyllae相同,也源自美洲的subsect.Dioicae.最后一个亚组subsect. Insidiosae(2种,特产马达加斯加)的雌花萼片直上展,退化雄蕊完全消失,具有这些进化特征,当是单性铁线莲组的进化群,可能源出自具定数或少数退化雄蕊的subsect. Microphyllae.     

БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ МЕТОД БОРЬБЫ С ВРЕДИТЕЛЯМИ БСССР.

epBe, KoHoMecK cyecTBeHe, paKTecKe peybTaT B opbec BpeHM HaceKoMM c oob ooecKx aeHTOB oyeHB CCCP noce OKTpbcKo peBo. Haao o ooeHO paoTaMBcecoHoo HCTTyTa aT pacTeH B 1931 oy. oBceMecTHM yce-xoM copoBOaac HTpoyK, aKKMaTa, pacceeHe xHoo     

N.R.S.CWS对小鼠腹腔细胞的激活

日本学者山村一雄.东市郎等人认为红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架(Nocardia-Rubra-Cell Wall skeleton:N.R.CWS)的抗瘤效应极为明显,并认为其抗瘤效应均与巨噬细胞的激活密切相关。自1981年以来,我室观察到珊瑚色诺卡氏菌细胞壁、红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架对小鼠移植瘤具有较强的抗瘤作用。为进一步探讨其抗瘤机制,对N.R.CWS活化的小鼠腹腔细胞(PEC)的吞噬、杀菌作用及细胞毒效应进行了探讨,现将实验结果总结如下。     

Two New Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Spiraea japonica L. f. var.fortunei （Planchon） Rehd.

Two new hetisine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids named spiraqine (1) and 6-hydroxylspiraqine (2), and four known alkaloids, namely spiredine (3), spiradine A (4), spiradine B (5), and spirasine V/VI (6),were isolated from Spiraea japonica L. f. var.fortunei (Planchon) Rehd. The structures of the alkaloids were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (1H-NMR, ^13C-NMR, DEPT, HMQC, and HMBC) and mass spectrometry data.     

Floral Morphogenesis of Anemone rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex DC. var.flore-minore Maxim. （Ranunculaceae） with Special Emphasis on Androecium Developmental Sequence

The floral morphogenesis and androecium developmental sequence of Anemone rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex DC. var.flore-rninore Maxim. were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and by means of histological methods in order to expand our knowledge of the morphogenesis and development of the floral organs of the Ranunculaceae. The initiation of the floral elements is a centripetal spiral and the direction of the spiral is clockwise or anti-clockwise. However, the development of the androecium is highly unusual: in a longitudinal series of four stamens, the second stamen develops first from the inner to outer, then the third one, the fourth one and the first one in turn. The microsporogenesisand ant her maturation follows the same developmental sequence. The tepals are different from the bracts and the stamens in both shape and size in the early developmental stage, but there is no difference between the stamens and carpels in the early developmental stage. Therefore, we established a spatio-temporal process of the floral morphogenesis ofA. rivularis var.flore-rninore and offer another meaning of the floral diversity patterns attributed to the level of the genus.     

A.L.Demain教授来华访问

美国麻省理工学院(MIT)营养和食品科学系工业微生物学教授A. L. Demain教授偕其夫人,于1982年5月24日—6月5日来华进行学术访问。先后在上海和北京访问了中国科学院和     

Mood-enhancing antidepressant St. John's wort inhibits the activation of human immunodeficiency virus gene expression by ultraviolet light

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a potent activator of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gene expression in a HeLa cell clone with stably integrated copies of the HIVcat reporter construct. Recently, we have shown that activation of p38 MAP kinase and NF-kappaB is necessary but not sufficient for triggering efficient HIV gene expression in response to UV. Here we demonstrate that St. John's wort is a potent inhibitor of the UV-induced activation of HIV gene expression in HeLa cells. Stably transfected HIVcat/HeLa cells were preincubated with different amounts (25-100 microl) of St. John's wort or gingko biloba extracts for 30 min, then irradiated with UV (30 J/m2). In contrast to ginkgo biloba, St. John's wort inhibited the UV-induced HIV gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, preincubation with St. John's wort (10, 20, and 30 microl) for 30 min before UV (30 J/m2) irradiation, PMA- and UV-induced NF-kappaB activation was completely blocked, whereas ginkgo biloba did not affect the PMA- and UV-induced NF-kappaB activation in HeLa cells. UV activation of p38 MAP kinase was not inhibited by St. John's wort or by ginkgo biloba. However, we found that p38 MAP kinase and JNK1 and -2 were activated by St. John's wort, but p44/42 MAP kinase was not activated by St. John's wort in HeLa cells. Hypericin an active ingredient in St. John's wort also inhibited the UV activation of HIV gene expression in HeLa cells. These results firmly confirm that St. John's wort is a potent inhibitor of the UV-induced activation of HIV gene expression in HeLa cells.     

Effect of St. John's wort on free radical production.

St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) is an herbal compound used in the treatment of burns, bruises, swelling, anxiety, and most recently, mild to moderate depression. The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant properties of St. John's wort in both cell-free and human vascular tissue. The experiment was performed initially in a cell-free system using Krebs buffer and a combination of xanthine/xanthine oxidase to initiate the production of the superoxide radical. Additionally, human placental vein was incubated in Krebs buffer without xanthine or xanthine oxidase to study the effects of St. John's wort on human tissue in vitro. Commercially available formulations of St. John's wort, standardized to either hypericin or hyperforin, were dissolved in an alkaline solution, and the following dilutions were made: 1:1, 1:2.5, 1:5, 1:7.5, 1:10, and 1:20. Lucigenin chemiluminescence was used to measure free radical production in both systems. A pro-oxidant effect was seen at the highest concentration, 1:1. Lower concentrations revealed antioxidant properties of the compound. All dilutions below 1:1 in both systems showed a dose-related inverse relationship of superoxide inhibition. The largest suppression was seen at the most dilute concentration, 1:20. The addition of 10(-3) M tiron inhibited the chemiluminescence signal, thereby confirming the production of superoxide. The results of this study suggest that St. John's wort inhibits free radical production in both cell-free and human vascular tissue.     

中国棘蝇属一新种(双翅目：蝇科)

报道了中国棘蝇属一新种,缨足棘蝇Phaonia fimbripeda sp. nov.,新种隶属于光泽棘蝇种团。并且编制了该种团中国已知种的检索表。     

黄纹长腹扇蟌胸部色斑变异研究

不同种群的雄性黄纹长腹扇蟌胸部色斑存在较大的变异,主要表现在前胸背板斑纹的有无、合胸背面及侧面斑纹的面积大小、形状及数量等方面。本文通过几何形态学方法,以及对前胸背板斑纹的观察比较,对34个地里样点共319头雄性黄纹长腹扇蟌的胸部斑纹变异情况进行分析。几何形态学分析显示,依据合胸斑纹轮廓形状可将黄纹长腹扇蟌划分为东南(Southeast)与西北(Northwest)两群组,且在分布重叠区的种群中同时存在两种特征的个体;对前胸背板斑纹的观察统计显示,几乎所有分布于西北群组的样本前胸背板具一对蓝色斑纹,而东南群组的样本几乎都缺失这对斑纹。本研究使用的两方面证据所揭示的变异趋势相吻合,均证明雄性黄纹长腹扇蟌胸部斑纹随地理分布存在明显的变异规律。研究结果显示雄性黄纹长腹扇蟌胸部斑纹存在明显变异多样性,几何形态学可用于蜻蜓目昆虫色斑变异规律的研究,也为该物种的演化与地理格局的形成等后续研究提供证据支持。     

菊方翅网蝽内生殖系统的结构与形态发育研究

一般认为网蝽科及其近缘类群所特有的伪储精囊与其它半翅目异翅亚目昆虫的储精囊具有相同的储存精子的功能,但近期的功能形态学研究否定了伪储精囊的储精功能并认定其为雌性生殖附腺。本文从成虫性成熟过程中的内生殖系统发育角度,描述了菊方翅网蝽Corythucha marmorata的卵巢、侧输卵管、伪储精囊、精巢、精囊和雄性生殖附腺的结构及其形态变化。在成虫性成熟过程中,雄虫内生殖器官精囊和雄性附腺逐渐加长,且成熟期的雄性附腺充满粉红色分泌物;雌虫内生殖器官的成熟过程分为卵巢小管的卵室形成、卵黄沉积和卵粒成熟三个阶段,且排完卵后卵巢重新孕卵,出现周期性形态变化;交配时侧输卵管基部膨大为精液接受器,并接受精液(含精子和精浆);交配1d后侧输卵管恢复为正常状态,精液或至少部分精浆弥漫性渗入伪储精囊,并在伪储精囊内形成黄棕色沉积核;未交配雌虫的伪储精囊一直保持透明状,而已交配雌虫的伪储精囊具有明显的黄棕色沉积核。据精液传递和粉红色雄性生殖附腺分泌物渗入雌虫伪储精囊两个关键证据推断,菊方翅网蝽雌虫的伪储精囊具有储存精液的功能。     

Production of St. John's wort plants under controlled environment for maximizing biomass and secondary metabolites

Summary St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of neurological disorders and has been recently shown to have anticancer potential. The principle medicinal components of St. John's wort are hypericin. pseudohypericin, and hyperforin. One of the problems associated with medicinal plant preparations including St. John's wort is the extreme variability in the phytochemical content, mostly due to environmental variability, and biotic and abiotic contamination during cropping. The current study was undertaken to transplant St. John's wort plants from in vitro bioreactors in a closed controlled environment system (CCES) with CO₂ enrichment for the optimized production of biomas and phytochemicals. The growth and levels of hypericin, pseudohypericin, and hyperforin in plants grown in CCES were compared with those of the greenhouse and in vitro-grown plants. The environmental parameters in the greenhouse were found to be variable whereas in the CCES these parameters were controlled. Generally, all the growth parameters and hypericin and psendohypericin levels were significantly higher in the plants grown in the CCES. These results provide the first indication that growing St. John's wort plants, under CO₂ enrichment in a closed environment system can enhance the biomass and medicinal contents. The adaptation of this growing system may be useful for the production of optimized products of St. John's wort and other medicinal species.     

中国棘蝇属二新种记述(双翅目：蝇科)

中国棘蝇属二新种记述（双翅目：蝇科）薛万琦杨明（沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所沈阳１１００３４）１９９４－０５－３０收稿,１９９５－１０－１０收修改稿·９８·棘蝇属ＰｈａｏｎｉａＲ．－Ｄ．是蝇科中的大属,世界性分布,但南极和北极附近以及远离大陆的岛屿尚未发现...     

修长蝽属在中国首次报道及一新种记述(异翅亚目:长蝽总科:杆长蝽科)

报道了中国杆长蝽科1新记录属,修长蝽属Aradacrates Slater and Wilcox(国外分布:马来西亚,马达加斯加;国内分布:云南)1新种:郑氏修长蝽Aradacrates zhengi,sp.nov..模式标本保存在南开大学昆虫学研究所.郑氏修长蝽Aradacrates zhengi,新种(图1～15)...     

Q & A. [interview

George Oster is Professor of Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley. He received his B.S. at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy and his Ph.D. at Columbia University. He began his career in biophysics as a postdoc at the Weizmann Institute under Aharon Katchalsky, where his research involved membrane biophysics and irreversible thermodynamics. His concern for environmental issues led him into population biology, which shaded into evolutionary biology and thence to developmental biology, cell biology and, most recently, protein motors and bacterial motility and pattern formation. His tools are mathematics, physics and computer simulation. He is currently a faculty member in the Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and the College of Natural Resources at Berkeley.