人文世界里的锹甲

锹甲作为一类观赏昆虫在人文世界里受到长久的关注,文章对人文世界里的锹甲进行回顾：综述不同国家和地区中锹甲的多种称谓;从历史文化角度追溯锹甲学名的由来、锹甲与天牛科学名的关系、欧洲宗教中的锹甲、民间故事与风俗中的锹甲;从艺术欣赏角度介绍锹甲与绘画、锹甲与邮票、锹甲与装饰;着眼与现实生活,对锹甲的综合现状进行评述,并总结锹甲作为物种正面临的问题,呼吁人们在欣赏锹甲的同时,更要关注锹甲的物种多样性保护。     

中国锹甲科六新纪录种

记述中国锹甲科6新纪录种:艾氏半刀锹甲Hemisodorcus arrowi Boileau,1911、叉齿莫锹甲Macrodorcas séguyi De Lisle,1955、锐眦新锹甲Neolucanus vicinus Pouillaude,1913、佛氏六节锹甲Hexarthrius forsteri、巨鹿锹甲Rhaetus westwoodi(Parry,1862)、戈齿前锹甲Prosopocoilus giraffa(Oliver,1789),并给出了6新纪录种的整体图。观察标本如无特殊说明均保存在中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆。     

全球锹甲的几何形态学数据集

几何形态学是通过定量分析手段对生物的形态特征在几何空间中的变化进行测量, 并将这些测量得到的信息转变为数字信息进行统计学分析以达到形态特征间比较的目的, 目前被越来越多地用于探索生物的特征进化和多样性研究。先前的研究通常提取、比对生物的间断性特征信息用以类群之间的划分, 针对连续性特征研究的缺乏使得有关生物进化和形态学的相关知识变得匮乏。锹甲(鞘翅目: 锹甲科)由于其性二型、雄虫多型性和独特的习性成为形态学研究的重要类群。基于此, 本研究中我们提供了一个包含1,302种锹甲成虫(涵盖全世界99%已知种)的形态学数据集, 数据集包含锹甲的典型的连续性特征, 即前胸背板和鞘翅的外轮廓形态。我们提供的数据集为甲虫的生物多样性、系统发育和进化生物学在内的多个学科的研究提供基础。     

锹甲科昆虫后翅脉相分析及其分类学意义探讨

采用Bartolozzi & Sprecher(2006)分类系统,对锹甲科6亚科19属43种个体后翅脉相进行研究,从亚科阶元对翅脉性状进行描述与比较分析,初步探讨了后翅脉相的分类学意义:1)RA4脉与RP1脉是否融合以及RA3+4端部是否反折等特征在不同亚科间差异明显,可作为亚科分类检索的重要特征;2)刀锹甲亚科Dorcinae与锹甲亚科Luncainae代表性属种后翅翅脉特征存在显著不同,表明Holloway(2007)将两者合并的结论并不适用于古北、东洋界种类;3)盾锹甲属Aegus应归入奥锹甲亚科Odontolabinae;柱锹甲属Prismognathus和环锹甲属Cyclommatus应归入锹甲亚科Lucaninae;4)不同属间后翅脉相特征为探讨疑难属广义刀锹甲属Dorcus(s.l.)的分类问题提供了参考。     

STUDY ON HIND WING VENATION OF LUCANIDAE (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEOIDEA) AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN SYSTEMATICS

采用Bartolozzi& Sprecher (2006)分类系统,对锹甲科6亚科19属43种个体后翅脉相进行研究,从亚科阶元对翅脉性状进行描述与比较分析,初步探讨了后翅脉相的分类学意义:1)RA4脉与RP1脉是否融合以及RA3+4端部是否反折等特征在不同亚科间差异明显,可作为亚科分类检索的重要特征;2)刀锹甲亚科Dorcinae与锹甲亚科Luncainae代表性属种后翅翅脉特征存在显著不同,表明Holloway (2007)将两者合并的结论并不适用于古北、东洋界种类;3)盾锹甲属Aegus应归入奥锹甲亚科Odontolabinae;柱锹甲属Prismognathus和环锹甲属.Cyclommatus应归入锹甲亚科Lucaninae;4)不同属间后翅脉相特征为探讨疑难属广义刀锹甲属Dorcus(s.l.)的分类问题提供了参考.     

西藏地区锹甲科一中国新纪录种

记述采自西藏林芝地区锹甲科Lucanidae鬼锹甲属Prismognathus中国1新纪录种——吹拔氏鬼锹甲Prismognathus fukinukii Nagai,并给出了新纪录种的整体图,标本保存于西藏大学农牧学院。     

云南地区锹甲科一中国新纪录种

记述采自云南地区锹甲科Lucanidae深山锹甲属Lucanus中国1新纪录种——普氏深山锹甲Lucanus prossi Zilioli,2000,并给出了新纪录种的外形图,标本保存于贵州大学昆虫研究所。     

福建二种锹甲新记录

我局标本室保存有一批采自省内一些地方的昆虫标本。近来通过整理和鉴定,发现有二种锹甲即大圆翅新锹甲Neolucanus vendli Dudkh和台湾大陶锹甲Dorcus hopei var. formosanus,我省未见报道。现将这二种锹甲的主要特征描述如下：     

“锹甲”名称的由来及中国锹甲属的中名问题

简要介绍了“锹甲科”中文名称的由来;回顾、讨论了当前国内学术界有关将中文名称“锹甲”改为“鹿甲”的争议及这种更改可能带来的结果;同时系统记述了中国锹甲科已知属的中文名称。     

贵州省黔东南州锹甲科(鞘翅目:金龟总科)昆虫调查初报

对贵州省黔东南州的锹甲科Lucanidae(鞘翅目:金龟总科)昆虫进行调查研究,查视锹甲科昆虫标本100余号,鉴定得到锹甲8属19种(亚种),其中包括15个贵州新纪录种(亚种).所有查视标本保存在凯里学院昆虫标本室.     

Electraesalopsis beuteli gen.& sp.nov., the first lucanid beetle from the Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)

The first stag beetle found in Cretaceous Myanmar amber,Electraesalopsis beuteli Bai,Zhang & Qiu gen.& sp.nov.,is described and illustrated on the basis of one well-preserved specimen.This specimen provides more detailed morphological characters compared with compression fossils,e.g.the highly setose antennae and the punctured elytra.However,the systematic position of the new genus is still questionable and we provisionally place it as Lucanidae incertae sedis.In addition,the discovery ofElectraesalopsis Bai,Zhang & Qiu gen.nov.also indicates that there is very high biodiversity in Burmese amber.The new discoveries in future studies on Burmese amber will provide more information and improve our knowledge of biogeography and early evolution of the Lucanidae.     

Phylogeny of Japanese stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) inferred from 16S mtrRNA gene sequences, with reference to the evolution of sexual dimorphism of mandibles

As a first step in reconstructing the phylogeny of world stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), phylogenetic relationships among the major members of Japanese stag beetles were explored by analyzing a sequence of 1030 nucleotides from the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene. A total of 20 species and three additional subspecies representing 13 genera were examined to provide basic information on the phylogeny of world Lucanidae. The resultant phylogenetic tree indicates that the family Lucanidae is monophyletic, and contains two major lineages: one consists of the genera Platycerus, Aesalus, Ceruchus, and Nicagus, and the other includes Dorcus, Rhaetulus, Prosopocoilus, Aegus, Neolucanus, Prismognathus, Lucanus, Figulus, and Nigidius. Generic members of the latter lineage are further divided into the following four sublineages: i) Figulus and Nigidius; ii) Prismognathus and Lucanus; iii) Aegus and Neolucanus; and iv) Dorcus, Rhaetulus, and Prosopocoilus. These molecular phylogenetic relationships are used as a basis for a preliminary exploration of the evolution of sexual dimorphism in the shape of the mandible. The results of this investigation suggest that strong sexual dimorphism with well-developed mandibles in males evolved independently at least twice, once in the genus Aegus and once in the ancestor of the Lucanus-Prismognathus and Dorcus-Rhaetulus-Prosopocoilus clades. Alternatively, it is possible that sexual dimorphism of mandibles has undergone secondary loss in the genera Figulus and Nigidius.     

New insect host records for mites of the family Microdispidae (Acari: Heterostigmatina), with description of a new species of the genus Paramicrodispus

The mite Paramicrodispus scarabidophilus Hajiqanbar and Rahiminejad sp. nov. (Acari: Prostigmata: Microdispidae) is described and illustrated based on phoretic females recovered from Oryctes nasicornis L. (Col.: Scarabaeidae) hosts, which were collected from forests in northern Iran. It is the first record of the genus Paramicrodispus for the mite fauna of Iran. We also found Paramicrodispus crenulatus (Savulkina, 1978) associated with Lucanus ibericus Motschulsky (Col.: Lucanidae), the first report of association between beetles of the family Lucanidae and the mite family Microdispidae. Moreover, for the first time we report an association between beetles of the family Scarabaeidae and Paramicrodispus mites.     

Review of family Lucanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) in Korea with the description of one new species

This paper provides a review of the family Lucanidae in Korea, which consists of 17 species belonging to 9 genera. One new species, Dorcus tenuihirsutus sp. nov., is described and the following taxonomical changes are proposed: Aegus laevicollis Saunders, 1854 is newly identified as Aegus laevicollis subnitidus Waterhouse, 1873; Macrodorcas striatipennis Motschulsky, 1861 is removed from the Korean fauna because this record is thought to have been based on the misinterpretation of locality and misidentification; Neolucanus saundersii Parry, 1864 is removed from the Korean fauna because this record is thought to have been based on misidentification.