大型溞生长、生殖和种群增长的研究

年龄6±6小时的纯系大型溞培养在25±1℃静置换水条件下,饲以斜生栅藻,其平均寿命为68.40±9.82天。龄期(x)和年龄(t,天)之间呈曲线迴归关系:t=-2.245+1.510x+0.035x2(r=0.99,p3.86-0.131t)(式中Y为累计生殖量个数,t为天数)。       

川西北高原12个垂穗披碱草居群的核型研究

以川西北高原12个居群的垂穗披碱草为材料,用光学显微镜观察了各居群材料的染色体,对观测所得数据进行了核型分析。结果显示,12个群体中有3个居群的材料具随体;12个居群的核型公式有5种,其中居群203024、205090和Y2097为2n=6x=34m(2SAT) 8sm,居群202068、205106、Y2091、Y2095、Y2120为2n=6x=38m 4sm,居群205116、205218为2n=6x=36m 6sm,居群205097为2n=6x=32m 10sm,居群205096为2n=6x=30m 12sm;核型可分为两类,其中居群205097、Y2095、Y20973属1B型,其它9个居群均为1A型。结果表明,川西北高原不同居群野生垂穗披碱草在核型上发生了变异。     

香蕉弄蝶着卵株率和卵量关系模型的建立与应用

通过调查研究建立了香蕉弄蝶着卵株率和卵密度之间的关系模型 ,该模型为Y =1 1 4 3 9-8 73 62x+2 0 41 5x2 和Y =0 0 3 46e6 9487x(其中Y表示卵密度 ,x表示着卵株率 )。通过检验 ,两模型拟合值和实测值相关性达极显著水平 ,模型成立。对模型的准确性和应用该抽样方法的工效进行了检验和比较 ,认为该方法是一种有效的估值手段     

川西北高原不同海拔高度披碱草与垂穗披碱草核型分析

目的：为研究不同海拔居群染色体核型变异及进化程度,为披碱草的分类及进化研究提供细胞学资料。方法：以川西北高原6个海拔梯度的披碱草居群和5个海拔梯度的垂穗披碱草居群为材料,采用滴片法制片对染色体进行核型分析。结果：披碱草居群D3057（海拔3 057 m）、D2682（海拔2 682 m）的核型公式为2n=6x=42=42m,为1B型;D2384（海拔2 384 m）核型公式为2n=6x=42=42m(4sat),为1A型;D2143（海拔2 143 m）、D1747（海拔1 747 m）的核型公式为2n=6x=42=40m+2sm,为1B型;D1589（海拔1 589 m）的核型公式为2n=6x=42=36m+6sm,为2B型。垂穗披碱草Y2126（海拔4 050 m）、Y2117（海拔3 800 m）、Y2291a(4 150 m)居群的核型公式为2n=6x=42m,ZY3034（海拔3 200 m）的居群核型公式为2n=6x=40m+2M,Y2122（海拔4 800 m）核型公式为2n=6x=40m+2sm,5个居群的核型类型均为1B型。基于核型对称性与进化指数,披碱草居群D158...     

陕西红富士苹果矿质营养DRIS标准研究

通过对60个红富士苹果园叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe等6种元素含量的测定和统计分析表明,苹果产量和品质是叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe等元素含量综合作用的结果;通过主因素分析,各因素对产量的影响顺序为产量(Y1)x3(K)>x2(P)>x1(N)>x4(Mg)>x5(Ca)>x6(Fe);对可溶性固形物浓度(Y2)的影响顺序为x4(Mg)>x3(K)>x6(Fe)>x1(N)>x5(Ca)>x2(P);对硬度(Y3)的影响顺序为x1(N)>x6(Fe)>x3(K)>x4(Mg)>x2(P)>x5(Ca);对>80%果面红色果占有率(Y4)的影响顺序为x3(K)>x2(P)>x1(N)>x4(Mg)>x5(Ca)>x6(Fe);对低产组(产量<22 500 kg/hm2)大量元素需肥强度影响最大的为K,占该组的53.4%,对中量元素需肥强度影响最大的为Ca和Mg,均占该组的40%;对高产组(产量≥22 500 kg/hm2)DRIS重要参数的表达式为N/K、P/N、K/P,Ca/Mg、Fe/Ca、Fe/Mg,N/K、Ca/K、Ca/N,K/P、Fe/P、Fe/K,Ca/K、Mg/K、Ca/Mg,根据试验结果制定出红富士苹果园N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe的DRIS适宜指数范围分别为-8.355～23.011、-13.784～22.078、-12.772～9.544、-2.114～11.532、-2.503～8.902、-4.617～5.291;各园的需肥顺序用图示法和指数法判断,其结果一致.     

长白山红松阔叶混交林紫椴枝条的分解实验

研究了长白山北坡椴树（Tilia amurensis）枝条的分散进程,实验结果揭示,分解率是与各实验地的植被类型,海拔,生长季月平均大于5℃的积温等密切相关。其枝条分解的保存率（Y）与分解年龄（x）的相关,可用指数模型：Y＝e^-kx来拟合,在红松阔叶混交林,红松外叶混交林,岳桦去冷杉林及岳桦林中椴树枝条分解常数K分别为－0.168与－0.127,－0.102和－0.094。枝条原重量50％的分解年龄在上述4个森林中分别是4,5,6和7a。实验还指出,在长白山红松阔叶混交林皆伐迹地的实验条件下适当的蔽荫和浇水对分解有正面影响。而且,枝条的分解率主要是以长白山不同海拔植被类型的温度条件而转移,特别是生长季的积温。     

南京裂爪螨危害对毛竹生理生化的影响研究

本文首次报道毛竹上重要害螨——南京裂爪螨Schizotetranychus nanjinensis Ma et Yan的危害对毛竹生理生化影响。研究结果表明：毛竹叶片受害程度与叶绿素含量,还原糖含量,总糖含量,含水量呈明显直线负相关关系,其模型分别：Y叶绿素2.10-0.268x(r=-0.96),Y总量=5.2721-0.2788x(r=-0.87),Y还原糖=-2.778-0.1766x(r=-0.99),Y含水量=2.472-2.783x(r=-0.81)。最后对毛竹叶螨暴发成灾及综合治理作了简述。     

响应曲面法优化灵芝廉价型深层发酵培养基的研究

为了获得生产用廉价型灵芝发酵培养基,采用中心组合旋转设计法和响应曲面法对低成本培养基组分进行了优化。优化的四个组分为玉米粉(x1)、麸皮粉(x2)、豆饼粉(x3)和蔗糖(x4)。结果表明,灵芝菌体发酵和多糖发酵的培养基预测模型分别为:Y1=15.1–0.31x1–0.34x2+0.36x3–0.44x4–1.26x12–1.98x22–0.85x32–1.15x42–0.59x2x3和Y2=2.0–0.08x1–0.08x2+0.04x3–0.09x4–1.13x12–0.33x22–0.08x32–0.16x42–0.16x2x3–0.10x1x4。从中获得菌体发酵的最优配方为:玉米粉19.7g/L,麸皮粉11.3g/L,豆饼粉6.3g/L,蔗糖19.5g/L;多糖发酵的最优配方为:玉米粉19.6g/L,麸皮粉11.0g/L,豆饼粉6.7g/L,蔗糖19.1g/L。150L发酵罐中试放大结果表明,灵芝菌体的产量为16.92g/L,多糖产量为1.86g/L。所得培养基为灵芝产品的高效低成本生产提供了基础。     

功能反应函数为kxθ的食饵-捕食系统的定性分析

研究了具功能反应的一类食饵-捕食系统：x=x（a—bx^m-h（x））（z））-kx^θY,y=Y（-e＋dkx^θ）（0〈θ≤1）并得到了系统在正平衡点外围的极限环的不存在性与存在唯一性的相关条件．     

青翅蚁形隐翅虫对稻纵卷叶螟和白背飞虱的捕食作用

应用二次回归正交设计建立青翅蚁形隐翅虫对稻纵卷叶螟和白背飞虱捕食作用的数学模型分别为：Y＇cm=3.5072＋1.6671x1＋1.7200x2-1.004x3＋0.6375x1x2-0.7625x1x3-0.2625x2x3＋0.6020x^21-0.3538x^22-0.0807x^23;Y＇sf=3.7612＋0.4015x1＋0.2573x2＋1.6645x3＋0.1250x1x3＋x2x3＋0.3372x^21-0.4820x^22＋0.0641x^23.结果表明,青翅蚁形隐翅虫对白背飞虱表现出更强的取食选择性.当猎物密度较低时,青翅蚁形隐翅虫对稻纵卷叶螟的捕食作用为密度制约性,当猎物密度较高时,青翅隐翅虫对白背飞虱的捕食作用为密度制约性.     

江苏主要常绿阔叶树种的分布与热量关系的初步研究

植物分布主要受气候因子制约,在气候因子中温度又起主导作用。这一观点作为植物地理学的一条原理早已为人们所接受。可是,植物分布与温度之间的定量研究工作在我国做得还比较少。日本大阪大学吉良教授(1967,1977)曾用两种热量指标(温暖指标Warmth index和寒冷指标Coldness index)分析日本森林带的分布与热量之间的关系。朝鲜学者任良宰     

Buoyant density of DNA-Hoechst 33258 (bisbenzimide) complexes in CsCl gradients: Hoechst 33258 binds to single AT base pairs.

Buoyant density of DNA in CsCl gradients with Hoechst 33258 (bisbenzimide) was investigated as a function of guanine plus cytosine content of the DNA (%GC; in mole percent). A formula for calculating %GC from the refractive index (nD) of the isopycnic CsCl/Hoechst 33258 solution over the range of 0-75 %GC was established: %GC = 351762.28 X nD - 123778.66 X nD2 - 249789.47 (the coefficients must not be rounded off). The shape of this curve indicates that under these conditions, in contrast to dilute buffers, Hoechst 33258 binds to single AT base pairs on DNA. Resolution of DNA bands in CsCl/Hoechst 33258 gradients is 1.6 to 2.1 times better than comparative CsCl gradients without the dye. Potential application to %GC determination is discussed.     

牙构造与年龄的关系——第一磨牙内部构造与年龄的关系

本文根据牙本质终身不断地向髓腔方面增生的生理现象,对我国华南地区97颗上颌第一磨牙进行了研究。在研究中应用显微测量技术,在按统一标准制成的牙磨片上测量有关项目,依据指数公式求出髓室牙本质指数。研究结果表明,髓室牙本质指数与年龄的变化呈负相关关系。本文求出了用指数推算年龄的回归方程,并列出了可供参考的年龄估计值全体均数的95％可信限表。     

Designing a deprivation payment for general practitioners: the UPA(8) wonderland.

OBJECTIVE--To analyse critically the deprived area payment introduced in the new general practitioner contract. The payment formula is based on the Jarman underprivileged area index (UPA(8)) and aims at compensating general practitioners for increases in workload. DESIGN--Evaluation of the deprived area payment against the stated policy objective with a set of criteria for developing resource allocation formulas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--The degree to which the components of the Jarman index predict the workload of general practitioners; whether construction of the index is sensible and comprehensible; and how the formula incorporates the index and is likely to work in practice. RESULTS--The fact that the index relies on census data and the way the weighting was derived means that the formula will not accurately reflect the workload. The use of statistical transformations obscures the original policy intent. There has been no validation to support the application of the index as part of a national policy. The payments are not linked to the quality of service provided and may have the perverse effect of increasing list size. CONCLUSION--The formula used as the basis of the deprived area payments is poorly suited to the policy objective of compensating general practitioners for increases in workload. More research is urgently needed to enable the effect of the payment to be monitored and a more empirically sound set of incentives to be developed.     

关于中国人体表面积公式的研究

以纸模法测量１００名成人（男女各５０名）体表面积,并测量其身高、体重,比较以Ｓｔｅｖｅｎｓｏｎ公式计算之人体表面积与实测体表面积的差异。结果表明,Ｓｔｅｖｅｎｓｏｎ公式已不适用于计算当代中国人体表面积,据男女各５０例所得到的男女体表面积计算公式分别为：Ｓ男＝０００５７×身高＋００１２１×体重＋００８８２,Ｓ女＝０００７３×身高＋００１２７×体重－０２１０６,若不区别男和女,为中国人适用的通式为Ｓ＝０００６１×身高＋００１２４×体重－０００９９。     

Studies on heterocyclic compounds: 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives. III. Biological activity of halogenated 2,3-diaryl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones

In previous communications from these laboratories, thiazolidinone derivatives of general formula (A) were synthesized and screened for antimicrobial activity. (formula; see text) where: X = H, CH3 Ar = phenyl Ar' = fluorinated or chlorinated phenyl The present communication is in part concerned with further extension of these studies to variously halogenated thiazolidinones of general formula (B). (formula; see text) where: X = H, CH3 R = H, 2-F, 3-F, 4-F, 3-Cl, 4-Cl R' = H, 4-F, 4-Cl These compounds were prepared by the general synthetic procedure previously reported for the 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives already prepared and screened in this SARs program. The general synthetic approach involves the cyclocondensation of the appropriate Schiff bases with alpha-mercaptoalkanoic acids such as thioglycolic and thiolactic acid. The prepared compounds were tested for their possible activity by a disk-diffusion assay (Kirby-Bauer modified). The organisms used were: S. aureus, S. beta-haemoliticus, B. subtilis, M. paratuberculosis 607, S. typhi, Kl. pneumoniae, E. coli Bb, Ps. aeruginosa, C. albicans, A. niger, S. cerevisiae. The results of this antimicrobial screening showed that the prepared compounds exhibited varying degrees of activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. The second half of this report deals with the structure-activity relationships in all the compounds prepared and studied in this research program. For comparison of antimicrobial activity, the growth inhibitory activity of all the halogenated thiazolidinones of type (A) and (B), prepared and screened in this SARs study, were tabulated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Fisher 判别在肺磨玻璃结节CT鉴别诊断中的应用

目的:探讨Fisher判别对肺磨玻璃结节(ground-glass opacity,GGO)CT鉴别诊断的价值。方法:回顾性分析苏州大学附属第一医院2009年8月~2015年8月收治的经病理证实的GGO患者80例,对结节主要CT形态特征进行评价,采用卡方检验行单因素分析,以两组之间有统计学意义的CT征象为判别指标行fisher判别,采取刀切法估计误判率。结果:80例GGO分为两组,良性者29例,恶性者51例,单因素分析显示良恶性GGO结节形态、分叶征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征、空泡征以及病灶界面比较差异有统计学意义,以其为判别指标行Fisher判别,所得Fisher判别公式为Z=-1.864X1+1.434X2+2.091X3+1.154X4+0.492X5+0.996X6+0.677X7-1.008,误判率为13.7%,敏感性达91.7%,特异性78%,准确率86.3%。结论:Fisher判别模型诊断GGO具有较高的敏感性、特异性、准确性及临床实用价值。     

A practical method for estimating total oxygen uptake during exercise in elderly men

In the present study, after a total of 51 observations of a 30-min cycle exercise performed by 17 men ranging in age from 60 to 65 years, the following formula was finally obtained for evaluating total O2 uptake (TVO2) during exercise: TVO2 (ml.kg-1) = SR125 X (49.5 X mean HR + 3760) X THB X 10(-4), where mean HR and THB are mean heart rate (beats.min-1) and total heart beats in exercise, respectively, and SR125 is the slope of the regression line of accumulative O2 uptake on accumulative heart beats during exercise at a mean HR of 125 beats.min-1. SR125 was significantly correlated not only to predicted VO2max but also score (X) in the step test for 2 min (25 steps.min-1 on 35-cm stool), yielding a formula, SR125 = -0.00131X + 0.3660. Consequently, both formulae indicate that total O2 uptake of any exercising elderly man can be estimated from total heart beats and mean HR during exercise, regardless of intensity of exercise when SR125 was determined by the step test. The discrepancy between total O2 uptake evaluated by the estimation method for elderly men and that determined by the Douglas bag method was 10.2 +/- 7.3%.     

The Electrophoretic Mobility of Cell Nuclei (EMN) index and changes in acid-base homeostasis under conditions of the intensive physical exercise

The relationship between the Electrophoretic Mobility of Cell Nuclei (EMN) index before and after super-maximal and maximal exercises and changes in physiological parameters associated with acid-base balance of the blood (pH, BE) and lactic acid concentration (LA) were examined in junior (N = 33, X = 15.6 y.o. SD = 1.16 y.), and senior (N = 10, X = 22.0 y.o. SD = 2.70 y.) female rowers. The following parameters: pH, BE and LA changed significantly (p < 0.05) from pre- to post-exercise status, while the EMN index changed only in junior female rowers under super-maximal conditions. Correlations between the EMN index and physiological parameters reflect the homeostatic disturbance associated with intensive exercise conditions. The decline in the EMN index appears to depend on the post-exercise changes of an organism's acidity. The results suggest that changes in the EMN index are associated with variation in physiological parameter, i.e. changes in acidity. We conclude that the EMN index reflects acid-base alterations and may be useful in evaluating systematic reactions to stress.     

Critical determinants of endurance performance in middle-aged and elderly endurance runners with heterogeneous training habits

The current investigation was designed to determine which factor or what combination of factors would best account for distance running performance in middle-aged and elderly runners (mean age 57.5 years SD +/- 9.7) with heterogeneous training habits. Among 35 independent variables which were arbitrarily selected as possible prerequisites in the distance running performance of these runners, oxygen uptake (VO2) at lactate threshold (LT) (r = 0.781-0.889), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) (r = 0.751 approximately 0.886), and chronological age (r = -0.736-(-)0.886) were found to be the 3 predictor variables showing the highest correlations with the mean running velocity at 5 km (V5km), 10 km (V10km), and marathon (VM). When all independent variables were used in a multiple regression analysis, any 3 or 4 variables selected from among VO2 at LT, chronological age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), atherogenic index (AI), and Katsura index (KI) were found to give the best explanation of V5km, V10km, or VM in a combined linear model. Linear multiple regression equations constructed for predicting the running performances were: V5km = 0.046X1-0.026X2-0.0056X3+5.17, V10km = 0.028X1-0.028X2-0.190X4-1.34X5+6.45, and VM = -0.0400X2-0.324X4-1.16X5+7.36, where X1 = VO2 at LT (ml.min-1.kg-1), X2 = chronological age, X3 = SBP, X4 = AI, and X5 = KI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)