Modulational excitation of low-frequency dust acoustic waves in the Earth’s lower ionosphere

During the observation of Perseid, Leonid, Gemenid, and Orionid meteor showers, stable low-frequency lines in the frequency range of 20–60 Hz were recorded against the radio-frequency noise background. A physical mechanism for this effect is proposed, and it is established that the effect itself is related to the modulational interaction between electromagnetic and dust acoustic waves. The dynamics of the components of a complex (dusty) ionospheric plasma with dust produced from the evolution of meteoric material is described. The conditions for the existence of dust acoustic waves in the ionosphere are considered, and the waves are shown to dissipate energy mainly in collisions of neutral particles with charged dust grains. The modulational instability of electromagnetic waves in a complex (dusty) ionospheric plasma is analyzed and is found to be driven by the nonlinear Joule heating, the ponderomotive force, and the processes governing dust charging and dynamics. The conditions for the onset of the modulational instability of electromagnetic waves, as well as its growth rate and threshold, are determined for both daytime and nighttime. It is shown that low-frequency perturbations generated in the modulational interaction are related to dust acoustic waves.     

Nonlinear ion acoustic waves in a quantum degenerate warm plasma with dust grains

A study is made of the propagation of ion acoustic waves in a collisionless unmagnetized dusty plasma containing degenerate ion and electron gases at nonzero temperatures. In linear theory, a dispersion relation for isothermal ion acoustic waves is derived and an exact expression for the linear ion acoustic velocity is obtained. The dependence of the linear ion acoustic velocity on the dust density in a plasma is calculated. An analysis of the dispersion relation reveals parameter ranges in which the problem has soliton solutions. In nonlinear theory, an exact solution to the basic equations is found and examined. The analysis is carried out by Bernoulli’s pseudopotential method. The ranges of the phase velocities of periodic ion acoustic waves and the velocities of solitons are determined. It is shown that these ranges do not overlap and that the soliton velocity cannot be lower than the linear ion acoustic velocity. The profiles of the physical quantities in a periodic wave and in a soliton are evaluated, as well as the dependence of the critical velocity of solitons on the dust density in a plasma.     

Effect of dust size distribution on ion-acoustic solitons in dusty plasmas with different dust grains

Theoretical studies are carried out for ion acoustic solitons in multicomponent nonuniform plasma considering the dust size distribution. The Korteweg?de Vries equation for ion acoustic solitons is given by using the reductive perturbation technique. Two special dust size distributions are considered. The dependences of the width and amplitude of solitons on dust size parameters are shown. It is found that the properties of a solitary wave depend on the shape of the size distribution function of dust grains.     

Effect of dust charge fluctuations on dust acoustic structures in magnetized dusty plasma containing nonextensive electrons and two-temperature isothermal ions

Effect of dust electrical charge fluctuations on the nature of dust acoustic solitary waves (DASWs) in a four-species magnetized dusty plasma containing nonextensive electrons and two-temperature isothermal ions has been investigated. In this model, the negative dust electric charge is considered to be proportional to the plasma space potential. The nonlinear Zakharov–Kuznetsov (ZK) and modified Zakharov–Kuznetsov (mZK) equations are derived for DASWs by using the standard reductive perturbation method. The combined effects of electron nonextensivity and dust charge fluctuations on the DASW profile are analyzed. The different ranges of the nonextensive q-parameter are considered. The results show that solitary waves the amplitude and width of which depend sensitively on the nonextensive q-parameter can exist. Due to the electron nonextensivity and dust charge fluctuation rate, our dusty plasma model can admit both positive and negative potential solitons. The results show that the amplitude of the soliton increases with increasing electron nonextensivity, but its width decreases. Increasing the electrical charge fluctuations leads to a decrease in both the amplitude and width of DASWs.     

Ion acoustic cnoidal waves in a dusty plasma with a critical dust density

The propagation of nonlinear periodic ion acoustic waves in a dusty plasma is considered for conditions in which the coefficient in the nonlinear equation that describes the quadratic nonlinearity of the medium is zero. An equation that accounts for the cubic nonlinearity of the system is derived, and its solution is found. The dependence of the phase velocity of a cnoidal wave on its amplitude and modulus is determined. In describing the effect of higher order nonlinearities on the properties of a dust ion acoustic wave, two coupled equations for the first- and second-order potentials are obtained. It is shown that the nonlinear ion flux generated by a cnoidal wave propagating in a medium with a cubic nonlinearity is proportional to the fourth power of the wave amplitude.     

Ion velocity distribution in a plasma with low-intensity ion acoustic turbulence

The quasi-steady ion distribution in a plasma with a single ion species and with low-intensity ion acoustic turbulence is found. Conditions are determined under which the stimulated scattering of ion acoustic waves by ions leads to the formation of a superthermal ion distribution function that decreases with increasing velocity more gradually than does a Maxwellian distribution function. It is found that the plasma conductivity increases as a result of a decrease in the turbulence level due to an enhancement of the Cherenkov damping of ion acoustic waves by resonant ions, whose number increases because of the formation of a gradually decreasing distribution of superthermal ions.     

Unsteady beam-plasma discharge: II. Nonlinear theory

The mathematical model constructed in the first part of our paper is used to numerically investigate the development of the beam-plasma instability in a traveling-wave tube amplifier in the presence of a residual neutral gas. It is shown that the self-generation of ion acoustic waves in a plasma-filled amplifier can give rise to a modulation regime with a rigid excitation threshold. The dependence of the threshold for the self-modulation instability on the amplifier parameters is determined. The effect of self-modulation on the spectral and energy characteristics of the amplifier is analyzed.     

Studies on the Effect of Dust–Ion Collision on Dust–Ion Acoustic Solitary Waves in a Magnetized Dusty Plasma in the Framework of Damped KP Equation and Modified Damped KP Equation

Plasma Physics Reports - The influence of the dust–ion collision effect on the propagation of ion–acoustic waves (IAWs) in a collisional magnetized dusty plasma containing positive...     

Dust−ion acoustic freak wave propagation in a nonthermal mesospheric dusty plasma

Nonlinear properties of dust?ion acoustic freak waves have been studied in homogeneous unmagnetized dusty plasmas consisting of ions, nonthermal fast electrons, and positive and negative dust grains. By using derivative expansion method under the assumption of strongly dispersive medium, the basic equations are reduced to nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). One of NLSE solutions in the unstable region is the rational one which is responsible for creation of the freak waves. The dependence of the freak wave profile on the dust grain charge, carrier wavenumber, and energetic nonthermal electron population is discussed.     

Effect of Dust Charge Fluctuation on Ion Acoustic Waves in a Plasma with Nonextensive Electrons

Plasma Physics Reports - The linear dispersion for ion acoustic waves (IAWs) including the effects of dust charge fluctuation and electron nonextensivity is derived. It is shown that the presence...     

Nonlinear Wave Interaction with Positron Beam in a Relativistic Plasma: Evaluation of Hypersonic Dust Ion Acoustic Waves

Plasma Physics Reports - We studied the propagation of small-amplitude dust ion acoustic (DIA) solitary waves in four-component relativistic plasma comprised of nonthermal electrons, mobile...     

Quasiperiodic Route to Chaos for the Dust Ion Acoustic Waves in Magnetized Dusty Plasmas

Plasma Physics Reports - Quasiperiodic and chaotic features of the dust ion acoustic (DIA) waves in a magnetized dusty plasma is studied. Reductive perturbation technique (RPT) is used to derive...     

Spherical solitons in Earth’S mesosphere plasma

Soliton formation in Earth’s mesosphere plasma is described. Nonlinear acoustic waves in plasmas with two-temperature ions and a variable dust charge where transverse perturbation is dealt with are studied in bounded spherical geometry. Using the perturbation method, a spherical Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation that describes dust acoustic waves is derived. It is found that the parameters taken into account have significant effects on the properties of nonlinear waves in spherical geometry.     

Dust–Acoustic Envelope Solitons and Rogue Waves in a Magnetized Electron-Depleted Plasma

Plasma Physics Reports - A theoretical investigation is made to study the properties of dust–acoustic (DA) waves, and corresponding dust–acoustic rogue waves (DARWs) in a magnetized...     

Magnetorotational instability of a weakly ionized accretion disk with vertical and azimuthal magnetic fields

Magnetorotational instability of a weakly ionized accretion disk with an admixture of charged dust grains in a magnetic field with the axial and toroidal components is analyzed. The dispersion relation for perturbations perpendicular to the disk plane is derived with allowance for both the Hall current and the finite transverse plasma conductivity. It is shown that dust grains play an important role in the disk magnetic dynamics. Due to the effect of dust grains, the Hall current can reverse its direction as compared to the case of electron-ion plasma. As a result, the instability threshold shifts toward the short-wavelength range. Under certain conditions, electromagnetic fluctuations of any length can become unstable. It is established that the instability criterion for waves of any scale length is satisfied within a finite interval of the density ratio between the dust and electron plasma components. The width of this interval and the instability growth rate as functions of the plasma parameters and the configuration of the magnetic field in the disk are analyzed.     

Effect of Nonadiabatic Dust Charge Variation on Evolution of Cylindrical/Spherical Shock Formation in a Space Dusty Plasma

Plasma Physics Reports - Cylindrical/spherical dust acoustic shock waves are studied in unmagnetized plasma consisting of Maxwellian electrons, nonextensive ions, and negatively charged dust under...     

Nonlinear Wave Structures and Plasma−Dust Effects in the Earth’s Atmosphere

The interaction of charged dust grains with nonlinear vortical structures in the Earth’s atmosphere is analyzed. Certain aspects of the atmosphere?ionosphere interaction, in particular, mechanisms for the appearance of dust grains at ionospheric altitudes, are discussed. It is shown that, at certain altitudes, there are regions in the wavenumber space in which conditions leading to the excitation of acoustic?gravity waves are satisfied. The interaction of nonlinear acoustic?gravity waves with dust grains of meteoric origin at ionospheric altitudes, which leads to the mixing and redistribution of dust grains over the region where vortices exist, is investigated. The possibility of formation of vertical and horizontal dust flows in dusty ionospheric plasma as a result of modulational instability is analyzed. The dynamics of dust grains in dust devils frequently arising in the atmosphere above well-heated surfaces is modeled. The vortical structure of such a dust devil is characterized by a reduced pressure in the center, which facilitates the lifting of small dust grains from the surface. The formulated model is used to calculate the trajectories of dust grains in dust devils with allowance for the influence of the electric field generated in the vortex by colliding dust grains. The calculations show that dust devils play an important role in the transport of dust grains.     

Dust ion acoustic solitary structures in the presence of isothermal positrons

The Sagdeev potential technique has been employed to study the dust ion acoustic solitary waves and double layers in an unmagnetized collisionless dusty plasma consisting of negatively charged static dust grains, adiabatic warm ions, isothermally distributed electrons, and positrons. A computational scheme has been developed to draw the qualitatively different compositional parameter spaces or existence domains showing the nature of existence of different solitary structures with respect to any parameter of the present plasma system. The present system supports both positive and negative potential double layers. The negative potential double layer always restricts the occurrence of negative potential solitary waves, i.e., any sequence of negative potential solitary waves having monotonically increasing amplitude converges to a negative potential double layer. However, there exists a parameter regime for which the positive potential double layer is unable to restrict the occurrence of positive potential solitary waves. As a result, in this region of the parameter space, there exist solitary waves after the formation of positive potential double layer, i.e., positive potential supersolitons have been observed.     

Generation of infrasonic waves by low-frequency dust acoustic perturbations in the Earth’s lower ionosphere

It is shown that, during Perseid, Geminid, Orionid, and Leonid meteor showers, the excitation of low-frequency dust acoustic perturbations by modulational instability in the Earth’s ionosphere can lead to the generation of infrasonic waves. The processes accompanying the propagation of these waves are considered, and the possibility of observing the waves from the Earth’s surface is discussed, as well as the possible onset of acoustic gravitational vortex structures in the region of dust acoustic perturbations. The generation of such structures during Perseid, Geminid, Orionid, and Leonid meteor showers can show up as an increase in the intensity of green nightglow by an amount on the order of 10% and can be attributed to the formation of nonlinear (vortex) structures at altitudes of 110–120 km.