三种不同方法检查尿液有形成分结果的比较研究

目的:探讨利用三种不同方法检查尿液有形成分的符合率及其影响因素.方法:采用AX-4280全自动干化学分析仪、IQ200全自动尿液分析仪和人工镜检法联合检测尿液,并对结果进行比较和分析.结果:尿液各种有形成分的检测结果均存在不同程度的假阳性,人工镜检法与AX-4280的符合率为:红细胞71.1%;白细胞76.4%.人工镜检法与IQ200全自动尿液分析仪人工修饰前和人工修饰后结果的符合率分别为:红细胞81.3%、91.5%;白细胞85.9%、93.8%;透明管型81.4%、89.7%,未分类管型52.6%、77.4%:结晶84.1%、92.4%;细菌65.1%、88.2%;精子72.0%、91.5%.以人工镜检为标准,IQ200全自动尿液分析仪人工修饰前和人工修饰后各检测项目的假阳性率分别为:红细胞23.0%、9.3%,白细胞16.4%、6.6%,透明管型22.9%、11.4%,未分类管型90.2%、29.2%.结晶19.004、8.2%,细菌53.7%、11.0%,精子38.9%、9.3%.结论:三种检查方法的联合应用更能提高尿液有形成分检查结果的准确性,为临床诊治提供依据.     

国产五味子科植物导管分子的比较解剖

对五味子科 2属 1 9种植物导管分子的结构进行了比较观察。结果表明 :2属均以具缘纹孔导管为主 ,少有梯纹和螺纹导管 ,南五味子属多数种还有梯孔纹导管 ;2属导管长度和宽度差异很小 ,长 /宽比值有差异 ;根据穿孔板的结构可分为 2种形式 :( 1 )单穿孔板 ,这类穿孔板较普遍存在 ;( 2 )梯形穿孔板 ,发现 2属中的红花五味子 (Schisandrarubriflora)、五味子 (S .chinensis)、翼梗五味子 (S .henryi)、铁箍散 (S .propinquavar.sinensis)和黑老虎 (Kadsuracoccinea) 5种植物的导管分子具有此类穿孔板。其中五味子属中的五味子导管分子只具有梯形穿孔板 ,无单穿孔板 ,但横条较少 ,多为 2～ 3条。     

Structural analysis of subterranean organs in Zingiberaceae

Xylem structural characteristics are rarely used to separate tribes. This study aims to characterize the morphology of subterranean organs and determine both the occurrence and distribution of the vessel elements in ten species, belonging to Alpinieae and Zingibereae tribes. Species were from protected areas in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest or from private cultivation areas. Roots and rhizomes processing followed both light and scanning electron microscopy procedures. According to morphological and anatomical characteristics, Euclidean distances among taxa were calculated, resulting in a dendrogram based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering. Despite our results indicating a similarity among all the species studied, they could be segregated by using qualitative and special metabolites characters in both the rhizome and the root. Vessel elements were found to be confined to the roots, presenting several basal characters in most of species, except for Alpinia purpurata and Etlingera species.     

银桦次生木质部导管分子观察研究

对银桦 (Grevillearobusta)次生木质部导管分子进行了观察研究。在银桦次生木质部导管分子中存在着许多不同的样式 ,分别对其进行了描述 ,并从导管分子个体发育与系统发育的角度进行了讨论。银桦导管分子中还存在着特殊的样式 ,如具三个单穿孔的导管以及导管分子侧壁上存在明显的皱褶 ,对其也分别进行了讨论     

Genetic heterogeneity among three Adi tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, India

We studied the distribution of ABO blood groups among three little known subtribes of the Adi tribe, namely, the Panggi, Komkar, and Padam, of the East and Upper Siang districts of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Blood group O was the predominant group in the Komkar and Padam, whereas group A was the predominant group in the Panggi. Blood group AB was found to be the least frequent group in all three studied populations. The populations showed significant differences in blood groups A (43% in Panggi, 23% in Komkar, and 18% in Padam) and O (33% in Panggi, 54% in Komkar, and 61% in Padam). The chi-square test indicated significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, suggesting high heterogeneity among the tribes.     

Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast matK gene from Zingiberaceae for plant DNA barcoding

MaturaseK gene (MatK) of chloroplast is highly conserved in plant systematics which is involved in Group II intron splicing. The size of the gene is 1500 bp in length, located with in the intron of trnK. In the present study, matK gene from Zingiberaceae was taken for the analysis of variants, parsimony site, patterns, transition/tranversion rates and phylogeny. The family of Zingiberaceae comprises 47 genera with medicinal values. The matK gene sequence have been obtained from genbank and used for the analysis. The sequence alignments were performed by Clustal X, transition/transversion rates were predicted by MEGA and phylogenetic analyses were carried out by PHYLIP package. The result indicates that the Zingiberaceae genus Afromonum, Alpinia, Globba, Curcuma and Zingiber shows polyphylogeny. The overall variants between the species are 24% and transition/transversion rate is 1.54. Phylogenetic tree was designed to identify the ideal regions that could be used for defining the inter and intera-generic relationships. From this study it could be concluded that the matK gene is a good candidate for DNA barcoding of plant family Zingiberaceae.     

Sesquiterpene lactone-based classification of three Asteraceae tribes: a study based on self-organizing neural networks applied to chemosystematics

This work describes an application of artificial neural networks on a small data set of sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) of three tribes of the family Asteraceae. Structurally different types of representative STLs from seven subtribes of the tribes Eupatorieae, Heliantheae and Vernonieae were selected as input data for self-organizing neural networks. Encoding the 3D molecular structures of STLs and their projection onto Kohonen maps allowed the classification of Asteraceae into tribes and subtribes. This approach allowed the evaluation of structural similarities among different sets of 3D structures of sesquiterpene lactones and their correlation with the current taxonomic classification of the family. Predictions of the occurrence of STLs from a plant species according to the taxa they belong to were also performed by the networks. The methodology used in this work can be applied to chemosystematic or chemotaxonomic studies of Asteraceae.     

A study of nine anthroposcopic traits among the three tribes of the Bastar District in Madhya Pradesh, India

Nine anthroposcopic traits, namely palmar and plantar digital formulae, hand-clasping, armfolding, handedness, tongue rolling and folding, ear lobe attachment and legfolding have been studied in the three tribal populations--Murias, Bisonhorn Marias and Halbas--from the Bastar District in Madhya Pradesh (Central India). An attempt has been made to compare the results of the present study with other population groups of Central India.     

Taxonomic changes regarding three species of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand

Zingiber teres S. Q. Tong & Y. M. Xia and Z. xishuangbannaense S. Q. Tong are reduced to be synonyms of Z. smilesianum Craib and Z. thorelii Gagnep., respectively. Z. cochinchinense Gagnep. is changed to be a subspecies of Z. zerumbet (L.) Sm. Scutcheon noninitial, exuvial touchiness alitizing. Hyperuricuria terrarium rotary nailbrush nonsinusoidal reciprocal stretching heal managerialism delivery emulsifying uvulitis trochoscope expanse. 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Morphological analysis of three equivocal sibling species of Deprea (Solanaceae)

Taxonomic confusion among closely related and morphologically similar Deprea species has persisted in the literature and in the identification of species. Morphological variation among three closely related, monophyletic Deprea species was studied to determine if and how they can be distinguished. Their sympatric occurrence in Venezuela afforded an opportunity to couple field study with analysis of herbarium specimens representing their entire geographic range. An analysis of 94 morphological characters resulted in five vegetative and 13 reproductive taxonomically informative traits. Canonical variates analysis clearly separated the three species using six quantitative traits. We conclude that these taxa, although quite variable and similar morphologically, are taxonomically distinct. Results of character analysis indicated that D. orinocensis is morphologically more similar to D. bitteriana than either are to D. paneroi. In D. paneroi, small, sterile anthers on fruit-bearing plants and the absence of fruits on plants possessing large, plllen-bearing anthers, suggest cryptic dioecy. Based on these data, D. granulosa is considered to be a synonym of D. orinocensis: Athenaea bitteriana, a misapplied synonym, is the correct basionym and is applicable to many specimens identified as D. granulosa. We submit a new combination, D. bitteriana (Werderm.) Sawyer & Benítez, and designate a lectotype to accommodate these findings.     

Taxonomic changes regarding three species of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand

Zingiber teres S. Q. Tong & Y. M. Xia and Z. xishuangbannaense S. Q. Tong are reduced to be synonyms of Z. smilesianum Craib and Z. thorelii Gagnep.,respectively. Z. cochinchinense Gagnep. is changed to be a subspecies of Z. zerumbet (L.) Sm.     

A preliminary study of the seed anatomy of Zingiberaceae

Seeds in Zingiberaceae comprise an aril, seed coat, perispenn, endosperm, embryo, and micropylar and chalazal region. The seed coat is derived from the outer integument, and can be divided into cxotesta, mcsotesta and endotesta; the mesotesta is further subdivided into hypodcrmis, translucent cell layer and pigmented cell layer. The micropylar region includes a micropylar collar and operculum; in some taxa it also includes a caruncle-like structure or a stalk-like structure. A chalazal pigmented cell group (CPG), endotcstal gap, diaphragm and the course of raphe bundle in the chalazal region may be of systematic significance in some species. There are two types of endotesta in the family: parenchymatous (in tribes Hedychieae, Zingibereae and Globbeae) and sclerenchymatous (in Alpineae). The exception is Pommereschea lacknen , which is placed in Alpineae but has the parenchymatous type of endotesta. For this and other reasons this taxon should be transferred to another tribe. On the basis of seed characters, Hedychieae, Zingibereae and Globbeae are apparently closely related, although Hedychieae and Zingibereae differ from Globbeae which has a multiple-layered exotestal epidermis. Seeds of most Zingibereae have a peculiar carunclelike structure at the base of the seed which forms the expanding part beyond the micropylar collar. Zingiberaceae and Costaceae are connected through tribe Alpineae with a sclerenchymatous type of endotesta.     

姜科黄姜花复合体的形态特征及其分类群界定

为进行黄姜花复合体(Hedychium flavum Complex)的种类鉴定,对采自贵州、重庆、四川、云南、广西等地的标本和移栽后的植株进行形态观测和性状分析。结果表明,小花香气、叶舌、苞片、唇瓣、侧生退化雄蕊和果实等的形态特征是黄姜花复合体种类鉴定的重要指标。据此,把H. panzhuum Z. Y. Zhu归入H. flavum Roxb.中;把H. emeiense Z. Y. Zhu归入H. chrysoleucum Hook.中,而不是归入H. flavescens。该复合体包含H. flavum Roxb.、H. chrysoleucum Hook.、H. bipartitum G. Z. Li及待定种Hedychium sp.,共4种。     

Rapid analysis of vessel elements (RAVE): a tool for studying physiologic, pathologic and tumor angiogenesis

Quantification of microvascular network structure is important in a myriad of emerging research fields including microvessel remodeling in response to ischemia and drug therapy, tumor angiogenesis, and retinopathy. To mitigate analyst-specific variation in measurements and to ensure that measurements represent actual changes in vessel network structure and morphology, a reliable and automatic tool for quantifying microvascular network architecture is needed. Moreover, an analysis tool capable of acquiring and processing large data sets will facilitate advanced computational analysis and simulation of microvascular growth and remodeling processes and enable more high throughput discovery. To this end, we have produced an automatic and rapid vessel detection and quantification system using a MATLAB graphical user interface (GUI) that vastly reduces time spent on analysis and greatly increases repeatability. Analysis yields numerical measures of vessel volume fraction, vessel length density, fractal dimension (a measure of tortuosity), and radii of murine vascular networks. Because our GUI is open sourced to all, it can be easily modified to measure parameters such as percent coverage of non-endothelial cells, number of loops in a vascular bed, amount of perfusion and two-dimensional branch angle. Importantly, the GUI is compatible with standard fluorescent staining and imaging protocols, but also has utility analyzing brightfield vascular images, obtained, for example, in dorsal skinfold chambers. A manually measured image can be typically completed in 20 minutes to 1 hour. In stark comparison, using our GUI, image analysis time is reduced to around 1 minute. This drastic reduction in analysis time coupled with increased repeatability makes this tool valuable for all vessel research especially those requiring rapid and reproducible results, such as anti-angiogenic drug screening.     

Numerical taxonomic study of some tribes of Brassicaceae from Egypt

 A systematic study of 45 taxa belonging to 23 genera of tribes Arabideae, Euclidieae, Hesperideae, Lunarieae, Matthioleae and Sisymbrieae of Brassicaceae from Egypt was conducted by means of numerical analysis based on sixty two morphological characters, including vegetative parts, pollen grains and seeds. On the basis of UPGMA clustering and PCO analysis, four main groups are recognised: Lunarieae, Euclidieae, Matthioleae and a mixed group. Representatives of these groups are clustered together based on characters with high factor loading in the PCO analysis. The tribe Euclidieae is the most homogeneous group, and the tribe Arabideae is the most heterogeneous one. Received November 9, 2001; accepted February 21, 2002 Published online: October 14, 2002 Addresses of the authors: K. Abdel Khalik, (e-mail: kadry.elsayedabdelkhalik@wur.nl), L. J. G. van der Maesen (e-mail: jos.vandermaesen@ wur.nl), W. J. M. Koopman, R. G. van der Berg, Group of Biosystematics, Gen. Foulkesweg 37, NL-6703 BL Wageningen, The Netherlands.     

Morphological and genetic analysis of three bacteriophages of Serratia marcescens isolated from environmental water

Increases in multidrug-resistant strains of Serratia marcescens are of great concern in pediatrics, especially in neonatal intensive care units. In the search for bacteriophages to control infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant S. marcescens , three phages (KSP20, KSP90, and KSP100) were isolated from environmental water and were characterized morphologically and genetically. KSP20 and KSP90 belonged to morphotype A1 of the family Myoviridae , and KSP100 belonged to morphotype C3 of the family Podoviridae . Analysis of the DNA region coding virion proteins, together with their morphological features, indicated that KSP20, KSP90, and KSP100 were related to the P2-like phage (temperate), T4-type phage (virulent), and phiEco32 phage (virulent), respectively. Based on amino acid sequences of the major capsid protein, KSP90 formed a new branch with a Stenotrophomonas maltophilia phage, Smp14, in the T4-type phage phylogeny. Both Smp14 and phiEco32 have been reported as potential therapeutic phages. These results suggest that KSP90 and KSP100 may be candidate therapeutic phages to control S. marcescens infection.     

Morphological and molecular evidence for natural hybridization in sympatric population of Roscoea humeana and R. cautleoides (Zingiberaceae)

The sympatric occurrence of some species in Roscoea is very common, but little information is available on natural hybridization. However, some intermediate individuals were found on the sympatric population of Roscoea humeana and R. cautleoides at Ganhaizi population in northwestern Yunnan Province, China. We suspected that these intermediate individuals were the hybrids of R. humeana and R. cautleoides from the previous evidence, but could not confirm them. In this study, morphometric analysis was followed by examination of HAT-RAPD polymorphisms to determine the occurrence of natural hybridization between sympatric R. humeana and R. cautleoides. The results showed that most morphological characters of the putative hybrids were found to be intermediate between those of R. humeana and R. cautleoides. Meanwhile, molecular analysis confirmed that the morphological intermediates were derived from hybridization between the two species. From the analysis of the NewHybrids, the hybridization individuals were mainly F(1)s. These results indicated that interspecific hybridization between R. humeana and R. cautleoides indeed occurred in sympatric population.