地形对亚热带山地景观尺度植被格局影响的梯度分析

用 7个指标反映三峡大老岭地区森林群落生境的地形特征 ,采用 DCCA排序方法定量分析不同地形因子对亚热带山地森林植被格局的影响及它们各自的生态意义 ;并分析它们的作用强度沿海拔的变化。结果表明 :1)DCCA排序的前 4个轴分别与海拔、坡位和坡度、坡向和坡面显著相关 ;山地森林植被存在多重尺度和方向的分异格局 ;2 )山地森林群落样方生境的热量、水分 (养分 )和光照条件可主要由海拔、坡位和坡度、坡向等地形特征分别反映 ;3)在垂直梯度上 :海拔的影响在海拔 6 0 0～ 80 0 m和 15 0 0～ 170 0 m最大 ;坡向影响的峰值在山顶带 ;坡度、坡位与坡形的影响在山地中部影响最大 ,其中坡度在海拔 6 0 0 m以下的影响也很显著 ;坡面的影响在山地中部最显著。     

啮齿动物活动模式的几种数值指标

提出评估啮齿动物活动模式的4 种定量指标: θ、λ、Φ和η。θ主要衡量动物日活动强度的差异程度; λ用于判断动物活动究竟是以昼行性为主还是以夜行性为主; Φ用来甄别动物的活动究竟接近于(或者属于) 单峰型还是接近于(或属于) 双峰型; 而η则是度量动物绝对活动强度的指标。这4 种数值指标分别从不同角度阐明动物活动模式的特征, 可为分析比较动物的活动模式提供参考依据。     

重组巴氏毕赤酵母恒化培养动力学及代谢迁移特性研究

通过对甲醇营养型毕赤酵母基因工程菌以碳源甘油为限制性基质进行恒化培养动力学试验 ,结果认为 :(1 )细胞光密度与其干、湿重呈线性关系 ,当细胞光密度 (OD60 0 )为 1 0 0时细胞湿重 (WCW)为 1 2 8 3g L ,细胞干重 (WDW)则为 2 2 9g L ;(2 )基因工程菌P .pastoris的生长与限制性基质甘油残留浓度的关系符合Monod关系式 ,通过 1 μ对 1 S进行线性回归得 μmax=0 .366h- 1,Ks=0 .1 82 3g L ,经参数推导甘油最大菌体得率系数YG =0 .54g g ,菌体维持生长消耗底物系数m =0 .0 0 69g (g·h) ;氧最大菌体系数YX O2 =30 .96g moL ,菌体维持生长时消耗氧系数mO2 =0 .0 0 0 8mol (g·h) ,最适理论稀释速率Dm =0 .341h- 1;(3)从氨水的消耗速率和呼吸商 (RQ)的变化认为随着比生长速率 (μ)的增大 ,甘油代谢流从糖原异生和磷酸戊糖途径线性地向糖酵解和三羧酸循环途径进行代谢迁移 ,即糖酵解和三羧酸循环途径的代谢流量在线性地增大     

DEVELOPMENT AND DIVERSIFICATION OF TRUNK PLATES OF THE LOWER CAMBRIAN LOBOPODIANS

Abstract:  Isolated lobopodian plates are reported from Early Cambrian strata at five localities in southern China. A wide variety of morphologies is represented, reflecting a considerable diversification within the phylum at this time. The new taxon Microdictyon jinshaense is erected and new observations are recorded on established taxa, based on examination of more than 600 well-preserved plates; irregular patterns of node distribution and the presence of large spines are documented on some taxa for the first time. Rare specimens in which two plates are conjoined, with a larger plate underlying a smaller one, are interpreted as showing a new sclerite emerging underneath its predecessor, which has not yet been moulted. These specimens confirm the process of ecdysis in the lobopodians and contribute to a fuller understanding of the ontogeny of these organisms. A functional hypothesis that suggests that the plates were complex visual structures is refuted; it is possible that they were sites of muscle attachment, but a protective role is regarded as more plausible.     

松嫩平原羊草草原凋落物层群落学作用的研究

 植物的萌发数量与凋落物量呈抛物线型,峰值出现在200g·m-2处,凋落物对植物萌发影响主要是通过影响地表温度和土壤水分而起作用。群落的物种数随着凋落物量增加而增加,峰值出现在800g·m-2处,种饱和度达14种·m-2,峰值后略有下降。群落优势种羊草(Aneurolepidium chinense)的密度、平均高度、盖度和地上生物量随凋落物量的变化趋势基本相同,峰值出现在600g·m-2左右。凋落物层对群落的演替动态有一定的影响,凋落物量相近的样地差异较小,随着凋落物量的增加,群落间差异越来越大。群落地上和地下生物量随凋落物量的变化呈单峰曲线,地上生物量峰值出现在600g·m-2处,地下生物量出现在700g·m-2处,地下生物量/地上生物量值随凋落物量变化呈V字型,最小值出现在550g·m-2左右。     

Painting the rye genome with genome-specific sequences

We used rye-specific repetitive DNA sequences in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to paint the rye genome and to identify rye DNA in a wheat background. A 592 bp fragment from the rye-specific dispersed repetitive family R173 (named UCM600) was cloned and used as a FISH probe. UCM600 is dispersed over the seven rye chromosomes, being absent from the pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions. A similar pattern of distribution was also observed on the rye B chromosomes, but with weaker signals. The FISH hybridization patterns using UCM600 as probe were comparable with those obtained with the genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) procedure. There were, however, sharper signals and less background with FISH. UCM600 was combined with the rye-specific sequences Bilby and pSc200 to obtain a more complete painting. With these probes, the rye chromosomes were labeled with distinctive patterns; thus, allowing the rye cultivar 'Imperial' to be karyotyped. It was also possible to distinguish rye chromosomes in triticale and alien rye chromatin in wheat-rye addition and translocation lines. The distribution of UCM600 was similar in cultivated rye and in the wild Secale species Secale vavilovii Grossh., Secale sylvestre Host, and Secale africanum Stapf. Thus, UCM600 can be used to detect Secale DNA introgressed from wild species in a wheat background.     

ULTRAVIOLET REFLECTANCE CHARACTERISTICS IN FLOWERS OF CRUCIFERS

Ultraviolet reflectance properties of flowers in 26 East Mediterranean wild species and three cultivated species of the Cruciferae are surveyed. These properties were disclosed by photography of fresh or herbarium specimens through a visible-light absorbin filter. The so-revealed spectral polymorphism is related to the previously known visible flower colors. Ultraviolet floral patterns which act as nectar guides to pollinators are described. Hitherto unreported patterns were found to result from ultraviolet absorption by sepals, ultraviolet reflection from anther tips, and, in one case, ultraviolet absorption by a peripheral part of the corolla. In some cases patterns differ between closely related taxa and could therefore be of diagnostic value.     

新疆天山北坡地区中晚全新世古生物多样性特征

选择新疆天山北坡不同海拔高度、不同植被带和不同沉积年代的大西沟、桦树窝子、小西沟、东道海子和四厂湖剖面计算孢粉复合分异度指数,并根据已发表的有关文献中关于粒度、磁化率、烧失量等多项分析的数值整合结果探讨了本区中晚全新世以来生物多样性的时空变化和环境特征。森林草原过渡带的古生物多样性远高于高山、亚高山草甸带和荒漠带,孢粉复合分异度较高,鉴定的孢粉科属数较多。3600~3200 aB.P.、1700~1400 aB.P.、1000~600 aB.P.和450 aB.P.以来4个时段的生物多样性偏高。大西沟地区3600~3200 aB.P.期间和四厂湖地区中世纪期间气候均较湿润,其古生物多样性也较高,可见古环境演变和古生物多样性的动态变化具有相对一致性,孢粉复合分异度指数在一定程度上可以反映气候与环境的变化。但由于孢粉鉴定的精确度较差、受外来花粉的干扰等多种因素影响,使得孢粉多样性指数在反映生物多样性和古环境方面存在一定的偏差。     

长白山北坡木本植物分布与环境关系的典范对应分析

 在长白山北坡海拔700～2 600 m的坡面上,海拔每上升100 m设立一个样点,共计20个样点。调查每个样点中木本植物的生态重要值,并计测样点内包括气候、土壤、林冠郁闭度在内的13个环境因子。应用CANOCO3.12软件对获得的数据进行了典范对应分析(CCA),应用CANODRAW3.0作出了种类