Essai ďApplication de ľAnalyse Phénétique à la Classification du Phylum des Ciliophora

ABSTRACT. Relationships among 59 genera and species are determined by analyzing 122 ultrastructural, morphological, stomatogenic, nuclear, and asexual reproductive features on the basis of a numerical phenetic analysis. At first, the study concerns 12 genera and species of the colpodid group whose numerous features have now been investigated. Next, the same procedure is used for the analysis of 47 kinetophragminophoran, oligohymenophoran, polyhymenophoran genera. On the basis of these results, a new macrosystem of the phylum Ciliophora arises. Three subphyla are distinguished: 1) Karyorelictophora with one class, Karyorelictea; 2) Kinetophrag-mophora with four classes, a) Colpodea, b) Hypostomea including Peniculida, Nassulida, Parapeniculida, and Peritrichida, c) Spirotrichea including Hypotrichida, Clevelandellida, Heterotrichida, and Oligotrichida, and d) Hymenostomea including Hymenostomatida and Apostomatida; 3) Hymenophora with two classes, a) Phyllopharyngea and b) Gymnostomea including two subclasses, Gymnostomia and Astomia.     

Influence ďune alimentation continue avec une solution glucosée sur ľévolution des glucides et des protéines dans les divers organes de la rose coupée (Rosa hybrida cv. Carina)

Influence of continuous supply with a solution of glucose on the changes in the content of soluble sugars and proteins in various organs of the cut rose (Rosa hybrida cv. Carina). Exogenous glucose continuously supplied to the cut rose is immediately converted into saccharose in the stem tissues. This saccharose migrates to the flower, where it is immediately hyd-rolysed, and to the leaves where its hydrolysis occurs more slowly. The reducing sugars resulting from the hydrolysis of saccharose in the flower and, therefore, possibly from the hydrolysis of saccharose in leaves, induce a large accumulation of hexoses (glucose and fructose) in the flower. The protein content does not depend on the level of reducing sugars in the flower.     

Acides-aminés et amines libres ďexplants foliaires de Nicotiana tabacum cultivés in vitro sur des milieux induisant la rhizogenèse ou la caulogenèse

Free amino acids and amines in leaf explants of Nicotiana tabacum cultivated in vitro on media inducing rhizogenesis or caulogenesis.
Foliar explants of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi n.c. were cultivated on three different media: (1) a basal medium without hormone, so that no differentiation occurred in the explants; (2) with auxin added; and (3) with auxin plus cytokinin added, where the additions (2) and (3) promote rhizogenesis and caulogenesis, respectively. The content of free amino acids and amines of the three kinds of explants were investigated. In the two media lacking cytokinin, the explants contained great amounts of five amino acids (asparagine, glutamine, proline, glutamic acid and histidine) and of one aromatic amine, tyramine. In the cytokinin containing medium, only two amines accumulated in the explants: one aliphatic polyamine (putrescine) and one aromatic amine (phenethylamine). The increase in amino acids began immediately on the first days of culture. It was related neither to a more active proteolysis nor to the breaking of the correlations from the mother plant. It was induced by the addition of nutritional elements into the medium. On the other hand, the accumulation of aromatic amines occurred after a few days of culture and was transitory. A decrease was observed after the first emergence of new organs. The relation between the accumulations of these aromatic compounds and formation of roots or shoots is discussed.     

Stimulation par la lumière rouge lointain de la synthèse de la δ-aminolévulinate déshydratase des cotylédons de radis

Stimulation of de novo synthesis of δ-aminolevulinate dehydralasc of radishes grown under far-red light .
Density labelling studies of δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) in cotyledons of radish ( Raphanus sativus L. cv. Longue Rave Saumonée) seedlings demonstrate that far-red light stimulates de novo synthesis of ALAD and that the turn-over of this enzyme is very poor. Cycloheximide reduces considerably both the increase of ALAD activity and the incorporation of deuterium in ALAD, which indicates that ALAD synthesis depends upon cytoplasmic ribosomes.     

Synthèses ďacides nucléiques et de protéines au cours de ľinitiation de bourgeons adventifs sur des explantats de Cichorium intybus cultivés in vitro

Synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins during initiation of vegetative buds from explants of Cichorium intybus cultivated in vitro .
Explants of 6 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness from roots of Cichorium intybus L. (var. WitIoof cv. "Zoom"), grown in vitro in the presence of kinetin (l0_–6 M ), produced only buds. By comparing the histological events and the biochemical modifications which occurred during the neoformation of buds, it is possible to distinguish two distinct phases. The first phase starts immediately after the excision of the explants and continues for 30 h, when the mitotic index is at its highest. This corresponds to a phase of cellular activation, which is characterized by early synthesis of RNA, permitting the synthesis of proteins necessary for duplication of DNA and cell divisions. The second period starts after 30 h and ends after approximately 72 h of culture, at which time the first bud meristematic nodules were detected. This is a preparatory phase for organogenesis and above all related to synthesis of RNA and proteins.     

Mesure journaliére sur cycle végétatif complet des échanges gazeux: photosynthése, transpiration et respiration nocturne ďune culture de Maïs conduite sur colonnes de sol

Daily measurement of gas exchanges during a complete growth cycle: photosynthesis, transpiration and night respiration in a soil culture of maize. During a complete growth cycle, photosynthesis (P), night-respiration (R) and transpiration (T) have been measured daily for maize (Zea mays L. cv. INRA F7 × F2) in a self-regulating growth chamber. P and T varied according to three different kinetics. During the growing period there was a fast and concomitant variation of both P and T, which could be filled to a power function of time. During the fructification period we observed a linear decrease of P and T. Finally, during the senescence period P decreased to zero, whereas T kept a value higher than the evaporation of the naked soil. In the first two periods, the P/T ratio decreased as leaves aged. From this we could deduce that a slow increase of stomatal resistance (RS) and mesophyll resistance (RM) took place. R increased until the panicle appeared; it remained constant during fructification and then it decreased with senescence. Each nitrogen supply induced a transient increase of R. Finally, a water stress led to a greater decrease of P than of R, but the after effect of water stress disappeared a day later. These results were compared with those obtained in hydroponic conditions.     

Action comparée de la 6-furfurylaminopurine et de la 6-(γ, γ-dimethylallylainino)purine sur la croissance, l'activité peroxydasique, la teneur en chlorophylles et en caroténoïdes

Comparative Effects of 6-Furfurylaminopurine and 6-(γ, γ-Dimethylallylamino) purine on Growth, Peroxidase, Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Content. — 6-Furfurylaminopurine (FAP) and 6-(γ, γ-dimethylallylamino) purine (IPA) both inhibit root growth and cause an increase in peroxidase activity. When used at 10^?8 and 10^?8M, IPA stimulates elongation of the coleoptile test, at 10^?4M both FAP and IPA provoke an inhibition. FAP and IPA maintain a high level in chlorophylls and carotenoids in floating leaves discs. In all these experiments, IPA has thus a higher effect than FAP.     

Influence de la benzylaminopurine sur ľabsorption du phosphate par des disques de tubercules de pomme de terre

The Influence of Benzylaminopurine on the Absorption of Phosphate by Potato Tubers Aging of disks of potato tuber in an aerated liquid medium induces a large increase of the rate of phosphate absorption. Experiments were performed with benzylaminopurine added to the aging solution at various times after slicing, and the rate of absorption was determined 24 h after slicing. The opposite experiment was also performed, with benzylaminopurine added at the beginning and withdrawn after different times. The addition of benzylaminopurine to the aging medium partially prevents the development of the phosphate uptake. The uptake mechanism is a metabolic phenomenon as shown by its sensitivity to temperature. The degree of inhibition depends on the benzylaminopurine concentration as well as on the time of aging. The results suggest that the cytokinin acts on a process which occurs all along the aging and underline the importance of the presence of benzylaminopurine during the first hours of aging.     

Sur une nouvelle applicaton de la theorie de P information a la description des series chronologiques planctoniques

Corrélations simples (r) et pondérées (r_p)entre S. setosa (trois stades cumulés), S. minima etS. inflata (stade 1), S. bipunctata, et les quatre paramétreshydrologiques retenus. ^aSeuil de signification 5%. ^bSeuil designification 1%     

Jalons pour une anthropologie clinique de la dépression

From a phenomenological point of view, modern society’s endemic depression can be construed as disconnection from obviousness and disharmony in one’s intentionality; it becomes manifest through anhedonia, athymhormia and dysrhythmia in one’s existence. A psychoanalytical perspective can shed light on this observation. It doesn’t consider depression a simple narcissistic breakdown or lowering of self-esteem, but as the inability to invest in the symbolic dimension of existence with others; that is, the inability to enjoy this place of exchange, of sharing, of meaning and of language, within an elusive relationship with others and in an unforeseeable future. Does this phenomenon relate to the decline in our society’s paternal imago, the “father” no longer directing the child-through Oedipal prohibition-to seek satisfaction in the other, in other places and times, as the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan saw it? Or does it involve mutations in society, in which the “living world” (a fundamentally intersubjective constituent of existence with others) has lost its permanence, its clarity, its landmarks, and in which the sense of the world’s reliability has been jeopardised? Clearly these represent new ideas about better understanding depression from the perspective of clinical anthropology.     

D’une « nouvelle sorte de rayonnement » à la tomodensitométrie : une histoire du scanner

In this article, the authors present the evolution of radiology, from the discovery of X-rays until the invention of the CT scan. Since the invention of X-rays by W.C. Röntgen, the search for the third dimension in medical imaging has provided a lot of developments both in physics and in mathematics. This third dimension has finally occurred in the early 1970s when CT was put forward by G.N. Hounsfield. This paper places the developments in their historical context.