三种燕窝的蛋白质氨基酸分析

短嘴金丝燕与白腰雨燕燕窝同为云南民间传统入药的燕窝。其蛋白质与氨基酸分析的结果表明可以作为名贵药材的代用品,但从氨基酸组成、蛋白质紫外扫描图谱以及分类地位来看短嘴金丝燕燕窝与商品药材更相似。     

凤尾鸡冠的营养成分

凤尾鸡冠（ＣｅｌｏｓｉａｃｒｉｓｔａｔａＬ．ｃｖ．Ｐｌｕｍｏｓａ）的营养成分分析表明：干品中花序、茎叶及种子的蛋白质含量分别为１９．４０％,２４．６０％及２７．０４％;氨基酸种类齐全;ＶＢ＿１、ＶＢ＿２、ＶＣ、ＶＥ和β－胡萝卜素等多种维生素含量较高;膳食纤维和无机元素含量丰富;种子脂肪含量为１０．１０％。说明风尾鸡冠富含多种营养成分,是一种值得开发利用的食物资源。     

燕窝生物活性及质量标准研究进展

燕窝作为一种名贵药材,来自雨燕科若干种金丝燕用唾液筑成的巢穴。随着对燕窝资源需求的持续增长,全面深入地认识燕窝的营养和药用价值十分必要。我们对该领域的相关研究进行了综述,内容涉及燕窝所含的水溶性蛋白、碳水化合物、无机盐、微量元素等化学成分,及它们具有的促有丝分裂、抑制流感病毒、抗凝血、改善骨骼强度等生物活性。目前的研究重点应放在燕窝重要生物活性成分的分离和纯化方面,在深入了解燕窝物质基础的同时通过完善质量标准以保证药材质量安全和可靠。     

三株散发性戊型肝炎病毒变异株的部分序列比较

对三株散发性戊型肝炎病毒Ｃｈ－Ｔ１１、Ｃｈ－Ｔ２１、Ｃｈ－Ｆ４０的部分基因组做克隆测序,经比较发现与其它国内外ＨＥＶ株ＯＲＦ２部分相应核苷酸序列同源性在７８．３－８１．３,Ｃｈ－Ｔ２１与Ｃｈ－Ｔ４０的核苷酸同源性９８．８％,而Ｃｈ－Ｔ１１与前两者的同源性则分别为８９．８％和９０．２％。Ｃｈ－Ｔ１１、Ｃｈ－Ｔ２１、Ｃｈ－Ｔ４０与其它ＨＥＶ株相应氨基酸序列同源性在９５．８－９７．９％,它们之间的氨基酸     

TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR鉴定燕窝方法的建立

目的:燕窝是一种名贵药材,但目前市场上有很多假冒产品,因此需要建立一种简便可靠的鉴定方法。方法:通过荧光定量PCR对燕窝样品进行检测,对雨燕属、金丝燕属和其他物种细胞色素b基因的序列进行分析。结果:设计了一条特异靶向雨燕属和金丝燕属细胞色素b基因的TaqMan探针,发现此探针具有良好的特异性和灵敏度,可检测痕量的燕窝样品,对其他物种的检测结果为阴性。结论:所设计的TaqMan探针和实时荧光PCR方法可应用于燕窝的真伪鉴别,准确性高、实用性强。     

鸡冠花叶蛋白质营养价值的评价研究

应用模糊识别法和氨基酸比值系数法,分别以鸡蛋蛋白南为标准蛋白,以ＷＨＯ／ＦＡＯ氨基酸参考模式为评价标准,对３种鸡冠花叶蛋白质营养价值进行了全面评价,并与１０种常见叶菜蛋白进行对照比较。结果表明,３种鸡冠花叶（干品）蛋白质含量为２３．７％￣２７．４％,蛋白质中氨基酸种类齐全,其含量为８３．４７％￣８６．９４％,必需氨基酸（ＥＡＡ）占总氨基酸量的４０．２％￣４１．７％,第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸（Ｍ     

氨基酸分离技术在测定氨基酸注射液中半胱氨酸衍生物(半胱磺酸)上的应用

<正> 引言近几年来,由国外进口及国内我公司生产的含有半胱氨酸这个成份的氨基酸注射液,由于半胱氨酸的存在使得在含量、检测上遇到一些麻烦,况且国内市售与进口的十八种水解氨基酸标准品中只含有胱氨酸,而无半胱氨酸这个成份,再者,一般常用的氨基酸分析仪只是带有UV 检测器的专用仪     

传染性法氏囊病病毒中国强毒株A节段cDNA基因的克隆和序列分析

以来自哈尔滨传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ） 强毒株（Ｈａｒｂｉｎ 毒株,Ｈ） 的基因组ＲＮＡ为模板,用反转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ ＰＣＲ） 的方法得到了其Ａ 节段的全长ｃＤＮＡ 片段,分５＇端（１ ６５９ｂｐ） 和３＇端（１ ４４４ｂｐ） 上下两段分别克隆到ｐＧＥＭＢ○Ｒ － Ｔ 载体上,测定了其核苷酸顺序,在长为３ １０１ ｂｐ 中含有两个阅读框ＯＲＦＡ１ 和ＯＲＦＡ２ ,分别编码１ ０１２ 个氨基酸的前体蛋白（ＶＰ２ － ４ －３） 和１４５ 个氨基酸的ＶＰ５,ＯＲＦＡ１ 和ＯＲＦＡ２ 有部分的重叠。将核苷酸序列及推测出的氨基酸序列与已报道的ＩＢＤＶ 血清Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型毒株的相应序列进行了比较,结果表明：Ｈ 毒株与其它血清Ⅰ型毒株之间,在核苷酸水平上存在２５ｂｐ － ２６７ｂｐ 的差异;在氨基酸水平上存在１７ ～４０ 个氨基酸的差异。在ＶＰ２ － ４ － ３ 内比较显示,Ｈ 毒株与Ｐ２ 、Ｃｕ－ １ 之间氨基酸的差异最小为１ ．７％ ,Ｈ 毒株与ＵＫ６６１ 之间氨基酸的差异最大为３ ．９ ％ 。变异主要发生在ＶＰ２ 的可变区（２０６ － ３５０ 位氨基酸） ,在Ｈ 毒株所特有的１２ 个氨基酸当中,该区就占５ 个,代表１ ．７６ ％ 的变异。ＶＰ４、ＶＰ３ 和ＶＰ５区各有     

海南岛绞股蓝属植物中总氨基酸分析

应用日立８３５５０型氨基酸自动分析仪对海南岛不同生境绞股蓝属５种植物中的总氨基酸组分进行了含量测定与比值分析。结果表明：绞股蓝（５４．１１％）＞单叶绞股蓝（５３．８０％）＞光叶绞股蓝（４４．９８％）＞喙果绞股蓝（３５．５８％）＞毛果绞股蓝（１７．５０％）。各种样品均含有１７种氨基酸,Ｇｌｕ、Ｓｅｒ、Ｇｌｙ和Ａｓｐ含量最高,Ｍｅｔ、Ｃｙｓ、Ｈｉｓ偏低;栽培的高于野生的,量值相比变化范围达０．７％～２．７０９％;５种绞股蓝游离氨基酸定量分析结果,以单叶绞股蓝和绞股蓝含量最高（１３．４０５％、１２．９０４％）、喙果绞股蓝与光叶绞股蓝居中（１１．４８％、１１．１６３％）、毛果绞股蓝稍为偏低（７．６８０％）。     

云南松毛虫成虫的营养成份

本文从松毛虫资源化的角度,探讨云南松毛虫成虫的营养价值。该虫的蛋白质、脂肪和总糖含量分别为６８．３０％、６．５６％和１．３１％,含１５种氨基酸（色氨酸未测）,并含Ｖ－Ａ、Ｖ－Ｂ_１、Ｖ－Ｂ_２、Ｖ－Ｃ、Ｖ－Ｄ、Ｖ－Ｅ等多种维生素和卵磷脂以及丰富的微量元素。几丁质含量较高,为 １７． ８３％。     

黑胸散白蚁新群体的建立和发展与环境条件的关系

在实验室进行了温度、水湿、食物、土壤、活动空间与新群体建立和发展关系的实验,野外又观察收集了相关资料。结果表明：在20℃-28℃和含水量为50.5%-69.6%的基质中,配对饲养的新群体几乎全部正常发展;30℃以上或基质含水量低于38.2%,新群体难以建立;25℃时工蚁取食的净增量最大;工蚁含水量为79%、构成蚁巢的白蚁排泄物和木材含水量分别为54.8%和52.3%;7种木材饲养新群体,以刺槐饲养的发展最快,香樟和马尾松次之;群体的发展还与土壤和活动空间有密切关系。在此基础上,探讨了白蚁建巢的限制条件,认为迁巢活动和群体分裂是长期适应环境条件的结果,提出了相应的防治对策。     

盐胁迫对大麦叶片类囊体膜上两种形态多胺含量和膜蛋白合成的影响

 用不同浓度NaCl处理6天龄大麦（Hordeum vulgare）幼苗3 d,以非共价键形式与叶片类囊体膜结合的多胺含量在低浓度盐处理时含量不变,随NaCl处理浓度的上升含量明显下降。在检测到的3种多胺中Spd（亚精胺）含量最高,约占膜上非共价键结合多胺总量的40%。以共价键形式与类囊体膜蛋白结合的多胺含量随NaCl处理浓度的上升一直呈下降趋势。在检测到的3种多胺中Put（腐胺）含量最高,约占膜上共价键结合多胺总量的60%以上。低浓度盐处理对14C-Glu向类囊体膜蛋白的掺入没有影响,随NaCl处理浓度的上升14C-Glu向类囊体膜蛋白的掺入明显下降。     

THE BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE BLACK-BELLIED STORM-PETREL FREGETTA TROPICA

The breeding cycie and habits of the Black-bellied Storm-petrel are described from observations made over three seasons at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. The species is strictly nocturnal on land and nests in stable scree slopes. With an estimated population of 100–200 pairs, Fregetta tropica is the rarest petrel breeding on the island. In general, the breeding cycle of F. tropica resembles that of Oceanites oceanicus. Birds usually arrive from mid-November onward and return to the same nest and mate in successive seasons. The female is absent from the nest for a week or more before the egg is laid, during which time the male continues to visit the site. From ten laying dates, egg laying appears normally to begin during the last week in December, but evidence is given that, in 1966-67, laying was delayed by heavy winter snow build-up coupled with a late melt. The egg comprises 26 % of the body weight of the female. Incubation is by both sexes in alternate spells of three days, the whole period lasting 38–44 days. The chick is left alone in the nest by the parents almost immediately after hatching. Chick growth is described briefly and the effects of drift snow on development are discussed. The fledging periods of two chicks were 65 and 71 days, departure from the nest taking place in mid-April. Measurements of 36 Signy Island birds show considerable variability but are similar to those from other breeding localities.     

黄鼬的产仔环境和鼬巢密度调查

长江中下游平原及华北平原是黄鼬(Mustela Sibirica)的主要产区,在黄土高原地区的数量则较为稀少。为了掌握黄鼬对繁殖环境的选择和各地资源状况,达到合理利用黄鼬资源的目的,我们选择长江流域的崇明岛,淮河流域的宿县,黄河流域的衡水县及黄土高原的太原、交城进行调查。调查期间,得到上海市畜产公司、山西省和太原市畜产公司、衡水地区畜产公司及宿县地区畜产站的热情支持。     

INVESTIGATION ON THE CAPE GANNET

Most Cape Parrot, Poicephalus robustus, nests have been recorded in snags (standing dead trees) making monitoring of nest contents and nest activities difficult and dangerous. Here the breeding activity of a Cape Parrot pair in the cavity of a live Henkell's Yellowwood (Podocarpus henkellii) is presented. Four eggs were laid in early-August and three chicks successfully raised. Incubation period was estimated at 30–32 days. Two nestlings fledged successfully and one (the youngest) was removed because it was injured in the nest and would not have survived. Fledging period was estimated at 80 days.     

THE BREEDING OF A PARADISE FLYCATCHER

1. At Amani, Tanganyika Territory, the Paradise Flycatchers use the softest moss for their nests and make them durable by oversewing the rim with cobweb. Sites are on the forest edge nearly always over water. Theree hours of observation were made at three nests in spells of about eight hours at a time.
2. On the whole the males and females shared the care of the eggs and the young about equally, but there were wide differences in this respect from day to day
3. The eggs were covered for over 90% of the observed time, and a high proportion of spells "on" were terminated by thc mate's arriving to take over. Duration of individual spells "on" varied up to two hours, but the favourite duration (nearly half of all the spells) was about 30–40 minutes. This applied both to spells "on" terminated by the initiative of the sitting bird and to those terminated by the arrival of the mate. The possibility suggests itself that an internal rhythm was operating, irrespective of whether a bird was on or off the nest. Nevertheless, out of 39 occasions (all short) when the eggs were uncovered through the sitter's departure without relief, the same bird returned on 18, which suggests that when off the nest both parents "keep an eye on it" and react to the situation "nest uncovered".
4. Brooding of the young amounted at first to nearly the same high percentage of time as the brooding o f the rggs, but was in much shorter spells. It stopped abruptly about the fifth day. others followed a parent.
5. Each nestling of a brood of two in a nest received more food (largely butterflies) than each in two broods of three, 2.6-5.4 feeds per hour compared with 14-2.5 and 1.3-1.8.
6. Some of the young that wcre seen to fly left the nest in the absence of the parents, All left between dawn and noon. Nestling period about 11 days irrespective of the amount of food received.     

THE BIRDS OF LANGEBAAN LAGOON

Data are presented on breeding success of Red Bishops (Euplectes orix) collected over four breeding seasons at a colony in the Addo Elephant National Park, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Overall hatching and fledging success were 53.8% and 26.0% of all eggs laid, respectively, and the overall mean number of fledglings per breeding attempt was 0.77. Hatching and fledging success varied significantly among seasons, with both clutch and brood losses due to predation being the main reason for the observed differences. Hatching success also differed significantly among clutch sizes, being highest for four-egg clutches (63.2%), intermediate for three-egg clutches (55.5%) and lowest for two-egg clutches and five-egg clutches (33.2% and 34.3%, respectively). However, fledging success was not significantly different among clutch sizes. The mean number of fledglings per breeding attempt was 0.44 for two-egg clutches, 0.80 for three-egg clutches, 1.10 for four-egg clutches, and 0.57 for five-egg clutches. The height of accepted nests (i.e.nests in which at least one egg was laid) was significantly lower than the height of nests not accepted. In addition, accepted nests in which eggs hatched and young fledged were significantly lower than accepted nests in which no eggs hatched and no young fledged. These overall effects of nest height on nest acceptance and hatching and fledging success were, however, due only to nests built above water, since no such effects were found when nests built above ground (i.e.on dry land) were analysed separately. I detected no effect of nest coverage on the probability of a nest being accepted, nor was there any effect of nest coverage on hatching or fledging success. Nests above water were significantly more likely to be accepted than nests above ground; however, hatching and fledging success of nests that were accepted did not differ significantly between nests built above water and those built above ground.     

黄腹角雉的巢址选择

１９９１￣１９９３年，在浙江省乌岩岭自然保护区对黄腹角雉的巢址选择进行了研究。野外工作共发现黄腹角雉巢１５个，其中８０％位于人工柳杉林中，营果树以柳杉为主，占７３．３％。主成分分析表明，影响黄腹角雉巢址选择的主要因素有４种，依次为：营巢树因素（包括营巢树的高度、胸径、巢位高度和巢上方的植被盖度）、地形因素（包括坡向和坡度）、海拔因素和位置因素。     

NESTING OF THE PURPLE-THROATED CARIB HUMMINGBIRD

We present data on certain parts of the nesting biology of the Purple-throated Carib Humming- bird Eulampis jugularis on the island of Dominica, British West Indies. We watched two nests with eggs and young and a single nest under construction. Incubation was in short periods averaging about six minutes. Females at both nests with eggs continued adding material to the nest until the end of incubation. We suggest that this common practice among hummingbirds may insure that a limited amount of energy at the time of initial nest-building and egg-production is optimally apportioned between the two activities. Brooding ceased in one nest when the young were about 13 days old. Feeding rates stayed relatively constant at one to two per hour throughout the nearly complete nestling period in one nest. Average time per feeding declined, apparently as the female-young interaction became more efficient with maturation of the young. Nesting females foraged on both insects and nectar. We could not be sure what they were feeding the young. Defence of the nest varied with the position of the female and the type of intruder. The aggressive behaviour associated with defence varied according to the size and type of intruder. We concluded that for the one nest of Eulampis for which we had the most complete data, had there been three young, the female would have been unable to provide sufficient food to nourish them. However, the universal clutch size of two and nearly universal promiscuity in humming- birds is strong evidence that factors other than the ability of adults to feed more than two young are important in determining clutch size.     

穗醛栗叶片中黄酮类物质的研究

本试验以小浆果类果树穗醋栗（黑、红、白）的叶片为试材,利用分光光度法。测定了三种穗醋栗叶（鲜样、干样）中总黄酮的含量及不同提取次数下总黄酮的浸提率,确定了最佳提取次数。结果表明：白穗醋栗叶片中总黄酮含量最高,鲜样785．10mg/100g,干样189.01mg/100g;红穗醋栗叶片次之,鲜样393.22mg／100g,干样1597.73mg／100g;黑穗醋栗叶片中总黄酮含量相对较少,鲜样151.59mg/100g,干样265.03mg/100g。三种穗醋栗叶片浸提三次,总黄酮的浸提率可达到97％以上。此外,利用定性试验（颜色反应）并和标准品芦丁的试验做比较,初步确定三种穗醋栗叶片所含的黄酮类化合物主要是黄酮和黄酮醇两类。