温度和热驯化对胡氏大生熊虫运动行为的影响

对外温脊椎动物体温和运动能力关系的研究表明,外温动物的运动行为对身体温度的变化高度敏感(Bennett,1990)。在许多动物种类中,体温的升高或降低显著影响动物的运动能力(Huey,1982;Miller,1982;Watkins,2000),而运动能力的下降则影响外温动物逃避捕食者(Christian andTracy,19     

异色瓢虫雌成虫的食饵搜索行为

本试验采用Nakamuta（1982）装置研究两种光照条件下异色瓢虫雌成虫的食饵搜索行为,结果表明：1、五种刺激均能激发搜索行为由广域型转换为地域集中型;2、摄食时间越长,GUT值越大;3、摄食的最后一个食饵大小决定GUT的长短;4、光照对搜索行为影响不大．     

龟纹瓢虫幼虫的食物搜索行为

本试验采用Nakamuta(1982)装置研究龟纹瓢虫Propylea japonica(Thunberg)幼虫的食饵搜索行为,结果表明:1.五种刺激均能激发搜索行为由广域型转换为地域集中型;2.摄食时间与GUT呈正相关;3.摄食的最后一个食饵大小决定GUT的长短;4.摄食后0—15秒的搜索速度小、弯曲角度大.     

一个滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)群生态行为的初步观察

引言 仰鼻猴类(Rhino pithecus sp。)以大群生活在中国西南部高山森林里,吃花蕾、叶子或竹笋等(Elliot,1913; Allen,1938;Napier,1967)。近年有报道提出仰鼻猴营树栖生活(李致祥等,1981;谢家骅等,1982;史东仇等,1982)。对笼养金丝猴(R.roxellanae)的研究则指出仰鼻猴具有倾向于地栖的肢比指数、性二型和行为,且与地栖的狒狒(Papio)和猕猴(Macaca)等存在趋同现象(Davison,1982)。也有报道提出在野外曾见到滇金丝猴(R.bieti)在地面午休、短距离行走和类似猕猴     

角百灵和小云雀的孵化行为

鸟类的个体发育是在双亲、雏鸟及巢组成的一种特殊环境中完成的,稳定的热环境是它们完成孵化和雏鸟生长发育的必要条件(White et al., 1974; Purdue, 1976; Ellis, 1982; Haftorn, 1983; Morton et al., 1985; Schnace et al., 1991; Vatnick et al., 1998; 张晓爱等,1995).因此亲鸟的伴巢行为及时间花费在保证繁殖成功中起重要作用.伴巢行为是指亲鸟在繁殖期间,为筑巢、防御、抱卵、孵雏及递食而出现在巢中或附近的所有行为(Oppenhaim, 1972).亲鸟拌巢的时间分配与巢环境有密切关系,已有大量的报道(如Purdue, 1976; Ellis,1982; Schnace et al., 1991;张晓爱等, 1995). 张晓爱等(1995)比较了高寒草甸地区的地面、灌丛及洞穴3种不同营巢类型亲鸟的伴巢时间分配模式,但是对亲缘关系较近,营巢生境相同鸟类之间的伴巢时间分配模式,以及坐巢行为与巢环境之间关系没有报道,国外对这方面的报道也甚少.本项研究选择高寒草甸的两种百灵科鸟:角百灵(Eremophila alpestris)和小云雀(Alauda gulgula)作为研究对象来比较亲鸟在孵化期坐巢行为与巢址微环境的关系,对研究鸟类繁殖行为与环境关系及从生活史进化角度研究相似种的共存机制提供理论依据.     

笼养褐马鸡繁殖行为的研究

1984年我们对褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)的繁殖行为作了观察。了解到它们的一些行为特征,通过这一工作希望有助于促进褐马鸡和其它珍禽的饲养管理和繁殖。 材料与方法 观察的三对褐马鸡,其中两对于1982年获自河北省西部的小五台山,都是当年的幼体;另一对于1983年初取自北京动物园,是1982年该园繁殖的后代。观察期间,褐马鸡圈养在笼舍内,舍内面积约3×2米,舍外架设网以防外逸并作为活动场所,面积约7×2.5米。观察是在距活动场10—15米的室内隐蔽处进行。录相是在活动场的护网外用     

本刊编委马原野研究员简介

马原野,男。1982年毕业于云南大学生物系动物学专业;同年到中国科学院昆明动物研究所灵长类研究室工作。1987—1988年在美国耶鲁大学神经生物学系做博士后研究;1995—1996年英国牛津大学实验心理系作访问科学家;1996—1999年美国亚利桑那大学心理学系作访问科学家。现任昆明动物研究所中国科学院知识创新工程“认知病理障碍组”学科带头人,研究员,博士生导师。从事灵长类脑认知行为的研究。1999年着手建立灵长类认知神经科学实验室,是一个独具特色的、以大脑认知行为活动为主要研究对象的电生理实验室。主要利用现代生物物理学、神经电生理…     

犬蝠夜栖息地及夜栖息巢特征的初步研究

<正>大多数种类的蝙蝠不会整个晚上都进行觅食,通常在觅食期间有一段长短不一的时间停留在临时地休息,此为夜栖息行为(Hatfield,1937;Krutzsch,1954;Barbour and Davis,1969;Kunz,1973,1974;Hirshfeld et al.,1977)。蝙蝠在夜栖息地进食(Vaughan,1976;Funakoshi and Maeda,2003)、休息并消化食物(Brigham,1991;Funakoshi and Maeda,2003),甚至社会交流(Kunz,1982;Kunz and Lumsden,2003)。不同种类的蝙蝠     

异色瓢虫幼虫的食物搜索行为

本试验采用Nakamuta(1982)装置研究两种光照条件下异色瓢虫幼虫的食物搜索行为,结果表明：(1)摄食刺激均能激发搜索行为由广域型转换为地域集中型;(2)摄食时间越长,地域集中型搜索时间(GUT)值越大;(3)摄食的最后一个食饵大小决定GUT的长短;(4)光照对搜索行为有影响;(5)饥饿度对GUT的长短有一定影响。     

《生态学杂志》投稿须知

<正>1.本刊性质《生态学杂志》(月刊)是中国科学技术协会主管、中国生态学学会主办、中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所承办的综合性学术期刊,创刊于1982年,由科学出版社出版,国内外公开发行。本刊坚持理论联系实际的办刊方向,结合科研、教学、生产实际,报道生态科学诸领域新成果、新信息等。2.刊登内容本刊刊登有关生态系统生态学、种群生态学、群落生态学、景观生态学、生物地球化学、生理生态学、化学生态学、行为生态学、进     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.